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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Enhancement of local tumour control by misonidazole and hyperthermia.

Combination treatment of a C3H mammary carcinoma with misonidazole, hyperthermia and radiation resulted in greater local tumour control than with any of these agents singly or in pairs. Dose modification factors for the 3-fold combinations were 3.28 when tumours were immersed in a 42.5 degree C waterbath for 1h after irradiation, and 5.03 at 43.0 degrees C. Cytotoxicity of misonidazole alone was slight, as reflected histologically and in tumour growth. Hyperthermia had a marked effect on these two parameters. Foot damage by hyperthermia was greatest when feet were taped.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Application of the mathematics of coupled oscillator systems to the analysis of the neural control of locomotion.

In many animals, the activities of limb motor neurons are rhythmic during locomotion. In some animals it is known that each limb is innervated by a local control center that resides in a discrete portion of the central nervous system. Each local control center is a biological oscillator. Since each limb moves with the same frequency as each other limb and with regulated phase delay with respect to each other limb, then it follows that the local control centers are coupled to one another. The locomotory pattern generator within the central nervous system is therefore a coupled oscillator system. The mathematics of coupled oscillator systems can assist in the construction of a model of the neural pattern generator. This model can be utilized to formulate testable predictions concerning the neural control of locomotion. Experimental data gathered from organisms in several phylums are consistent with the predictions of the model.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Evaluation of fast neutron teletherapy for advanced carcinomas of the major salivary glands.

This review analyzes the local control rate of fast neutron beam teletherapy for malignant salivary gland carcinomas compared to conventional photon irradiation at the same institution. Thirty patients with malignant parotid or submaxillary gland tumors were treated with either cobalt-60 (19 patients) or neutrons +/- photons (11 patients). The 19 photon-treated patients were historical controls. No advantage is found for neutrons in patients with tumors less than 3 cm where 100% local control was achieved with either modality. In patients with tumor masses 3-6 cm in size, neutrons demonstrated a possible advantage with a local control rate of 100% (followup, 7-18 months) compared to a control rate of 33% with conventional photon irradiation. Acute treatment-related morbidity was slightly greater in neutron-treated patients, but no long-term complications have been observed to date.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth: fifteen years' experience with linear acceleration therapy.

One hundred fourteen patients with carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth were treated with high-dose megavoltage radiation at Stanford University from 1956 to1970. Actuarial 5-year survival for 56 patients with oral tongue lesions was: T', 73; T', 37%; and T', 19%. Similarly, for 58 patients with lesions of the floor mouth, 5-year survival was: T', 73%; T', 37%; and T', 25%. Local control of the primary was obtained in oral tongue T' lesions 10 of 11 times; T', 5 of 8; and T', 13 of 36 times. For floor of mouth, local control was: T', 22 of 26;T', 7 of 14; andT', 3 of 15. There was an indication that better control was obtained if interstitialtherapy was a planned part of the treatment. Dose for local control when external radiation alone was utilized was usually over 1900 rets. Patients with initially clinicallynegative nodes (TXNO) who had a low radiation dose to primary echelon lymph nodes developed later cervical lymph node metastases 38% of the time. In no case did late metastatic disease appear in patients whose necks were treated prophylactically.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

Combined therapeutic approach to malignant lacrimal gland tumors.

The medical records of 13 patients with primary malignant lesions of the lacrimal gland revealed adenoid cystic carcinoma as the most common malignant tumor. The histologic cell type, neural invasion, and bony destruction were correlated with localized control and ultimate survival. Surgical removal of the lacrimal gland was adequate treatment for low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma confined to the gland itself. Combining a radical surgical removal of the area in planned sequence with high voltage radiation therapy offered the only reasonable hope for localized control in the more aggressive cell types or in tumors with neural invasion or bony involvement. A 40%-localized control and survival rate was achieved in the adenoid cystic carcinoma group of patients. Radiation therapy administered for cancer that obviously recurs after surgical resection was generally unsuccessful.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Randomized study of control of the primary tumor and survival using preoperative radiation, radiation alone, or surgery alone in head and neck carcinomas.

Fifty-five selected patients with previously untreated squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck regions were studied in a randomized, prospective manner. The three treatment categories were primary radiation (Gp R), primary surgery (Gp S), and preoperative radiation of 4000 rads in four weeks (Gp R/S). The local control rates for the 44 evaluable patients with a two-year minimum followup were 24%, 39%, and 43% respectively. Further treatment attempts in patients failing initial therapy yielded local control rates of 35%, 39%, and 43% for Gp R, Gp S, and Gp R/S, respectively. None of the local control rates nor the corresponding survival curves were significantly different at P less than 0.10. However, the group sizes were sufficiently small that true differences might not have been detected. Postoperative complications were higher in the primary radiation failures subsequently operated upon compared to the primary surgery group (P = 0.07).

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1977

Tumour regression as a guide to prognosis: a study with experimental animals.

An analysis has been made of the relationship between regression during therapy and the probability of local control in a group of mice treated with single doses and fractionated doses of X rays. The tumours were first generation transplants from spontaneous mammary carcinomas in C3H mice and were irradiated with single doses 3F/4 days, 9F/10 days, 9F/18 days or 15F/18 days. The size of the smallest radiation dose approached those encountered in clinical radiotherapy. A significant correlation was observed between the shrinkage during the treatment period and the local control at 150 days, for three of the four fractionated schedules. A weaker correlation was observed for shrinkage within a week after single doses, and for shrinkage during treatment with nine fractions in 18 days. It is postulated that the rate of shrinkage is an inherent characteristic of each individual tumour and does not reflect the number of cells killed. However, the shrinkage in some tumours during the course of therapy may result in more extensive reoxygenation which makes these tumours more sensitive to subsequent doses of fractionated course. The degree of shrinkage within the period of fractionated irradiation was found to be a useful prognostic guide to ultimate local control in individual tumours.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Modification of radiation responses of murine tumors by misonidazole (Ro 07-0582), host immune capability, and Corynebacterium parvum.

The hypoxic cell sensitizer misonidazole (Ro 07-0582),1-(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-3-methoxy-2-propanol, significantly enhanced the local control of the weakly immunogenic C3H mouse mammary carcinoma MDAH-MCa-4 (8-mm diameter) by single doses of radiation. The dose modification factor (DMF) was 2.33 when the drug was given ip to inbred C3Hf/Bu mice in a dose of 1 mg/g body weight 30 minutes before irradiation of the tumor. The DMF in a highly immunogenic 3-methylcholanthrene-induced C3H fibrosarcoma (FSa) was 1.65 in normal mice and 1.86 in mice immunosuppressed by 600 rads whole-body irradiation 1 day before tumor transplantation. In mice treated iv with 0.25 mg Corynebacterium parvum when tumors were 6 mm in diameter and irradiated at 8 mm, local control of FSa was enhanced at low doses of radiation but was similar to that in normal mice at higher doses. In mice treated with both misonidazole and C. parvum, local control at lower doses of radiation was similar to that in mice treated with C. parvum alone but was enhanced at higher doses in mice that failed to respond to C. parvum. Cytotoxicity of misonidazole, as reflected in tumor growth, was not detected.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Control of local tumor growth with combined fractionated radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic regimens.

A treatment concept for the control of tumor growth utilized weekday radiotherapy and weekend chemotherapy. Mice were given sc injections of P815X2 mastocytoma cells on the lower back (day 0) and separated into the following treatment groups: 5-day/week X-irradiation, adriamycin alone at either 5 mg/kg body wt (days 6 and 13) or 2 mg/kg (days 5, 12, and 19), and combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Untreated controls had a mean tumor volume of 2.77 cm-3 and a mean survival time of 24 days. Adriamycin alone at 5 mg/kg resulted in an eventual tumor of 70 percent of the control value at death, whereas at 2mg/kg the tumor volume was 60 percent of control. After radiotherapy only, tumor size was 52 percent of control. Irradiation plus either 5 or 2 mg drug per kg body wt resulted in tumor volumes of 23 and 30 percent, respectively, of control values. Although no treatment regimen prolonged survival, the marked reduction in local tumor growth with combination therapy indicates that it may be a useful concept in future cancer therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Treatment of carcinoma of the breast by radiation therapy.

One hundred and fifty patients with carcinoma of the breast were treated by radiation therapy without mastectomy. Seventy-seven patients had excisional biopsy of the breast mass while the remainder had incisional biopsy or needle biopsy. There has been 100% local control in patients with Stage I or Stage II disease. The local control rate in Stage III is 67.5%. Those patients who had excisional biopsy had a significantly lower incidence of local recurrence than did those in whom the tumor was left in situ. The cumulative survival probability at five years is 100% for Stage I, 65% for Stage II and 26% for Stage III. Recommendations are made concerning axillary node sampling and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients treated by this technique.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed1979

The conservative management of anorectal cancer by radiotherapy.

Thirteen patients with an anal or rectal carcinoma were given curative radiotherapy. Four had medically inoperable tumors, one had a surgically inoperable tumor and eight refused abdominoperineal resection. Six patients received external radiotherapy only. Seven patients received external radiotherapy and an interstitial implant. Nine of thirteen patients (60 per cent) are alive without evidence of disease from fifteen to fifty-five months (average, 30 months). Six of seven patients who received external radiotherapy combined with an interstitial implant were controlled locally, whereas three of six patients who received external radiotherapy only were controlled. Patients who underwent total excision and/or fulguration prior to irradiation had better local control than those who underwent either biopsy only or a subtotal excision. This treatment method may be offered as an alternative to abdominoperineal resection in patients who are medically unfit or who refuse surgery.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Inflammatory carcinoma of the breast: A correlation of clinical, radiologic and pathogic findings.

In a study of 75 patients with inflammatory carcinoma of the breast seen at Emory University Clinic over a 38 year period, the average longevity from the time of diagnosis was 22 months and the 5-year survival 5.6%. The results of treatment were poor with all methods used, although supervoltage therapy improved local control, and when followed by mastectomy, gave the longest average local control and survival. The designation of inflammatory carcinoma as primary and secondary is often not applicable and should be dropped. Instead, the terms inflammatory carcinoma and recurrent inflammatory carcinoma seem more appropriate. It is suggested that in a number of patients fulfilling certain criteria, surgery should be contemplated and all others treated by non-surgical means. The diagnosis of inflammatory cancer is still primarily clinical. However, radiologic and pathology examination are invaluable to confirming the clinical impression and occasionally suggest the diagnosis before inflammatory signs appear.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue and floor of mouth. Evaluation of interstitial radium therapy.

From January, 1965, to December, 1972, 46 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and 102 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue were treated at M.D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute by interstitial irradiation alone or in combination with external irradiation. Through the years the combination of radiation therapy modalities has been adjusted in an attempt to improve local control, keeping complications to a minimum. In this paper we analyze local control, causes of failure and complications as related to the primary size (T stage) and radiation therapy techniques employed.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗
PubMed1978

Definitive evidence for hypoxic cells influencing cure in cancer therapy.

From an analysis of 2803 patients with carcinoma of the cervix treated by radiation therapy, a 62% cure rate can be shown. In those patients with Stage IIb and III disease, a haemoglobin level during treatment of below 12 g% was associated with a significantly higher pelvic recurrence rate, and also lower cure rate, than for those with a haemoglobin level 12g% or more. A prospective study shows that the correction of anaemia is associated with a decreased pelvic recurrence rate and an increased cure rate consistent with tumour hypoxia being greater in anaemic patients than in those with a normal haemoglobin level. It is also consistent with the thesis that hypoxia controls the radiation local control rate in patients with advanced carcinoma of the cervix.

Female↗
PubMed1975

A technique for the local and regional control of carcinoma of the breast using 25-MeV x radiation.

A technique is presented for the treatment of patients with carcinoma of the breast utilizing an easily reproduced combination of 25-MeV photon portals. The intact breast or postoperative chest wall is treated in continuity with all regional lymphatics. Only 8 (2.3%) of 343 patients with Stages I-III disease have developed subsequent recurrence within the treated volume. Forty-seven of 48 patients with Stage I disease treated from 1 to 13 years ago are currently living NED. Essentially absolute control of local disease has therefore been achieved in patients with Stages I-III disease, with apparent improvement in absolute survival of those with Stage I disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1978

The treatment of malignant melanoma of the skin.

This review of 117 melanomas occurring in 115 patients treated by a single surgeon suggests the appropriateness of the therapeutic decisions to be mentioned based upon tumor behavior, determined by microstaging. Local control of level II lentigo maligna melanoma was achieved, in most instances, by local excision with visibly free margins and primary closure. In most of the other instances of melanoma, adequate local control was accomplished by wide three-dimensional excision, 5 centimeter margins--closure usually required grafting. Minor amputation was performed with satisfactory results in those patients with appropriate lesions in the volar-subungual area. Regional lymphadenectomy in patients with level IV and V disease in whom the tumors drained to a single node basin revealed occult metastases in 25 per cent of the patients and, therefore, appears warranted as prophylactic treatment. Preliminary data on recurrences suggest that the frequency of the recurrence paralleled the biologic aggressiveness of the tumor, determined by microstaging in association with the presence or the absence of lymph node metastases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

The role of potassium in the metabolic control of coronary vascular resistance of the dog.

We tested the hypothesis that potassium ion (K+) is involved in the local control of the coronary circulation. The left coronary artery was perfused at constant flow in closed-chest, anesthetized dogs. Step increases in heart rate caused transient (six dogs) or sustained (three dogs) increases in coronary sinus plasma [K+] averaging 0.53 mEq/liter. When the effects of vascular transit delay were accounted for, we found that [K+] changes preceded the vasodilation seen with increased heart rate. We used a mathematical model to calculate changes in interstitial [K+] from arterial and venous [K+] and K+ release rate. The magnitude of the changes in interstitial [K+] appeared to be sufficient to account for a considerable portion but not all of the initial changes in coronary vascular resistance associated with increased heart rate. Thus potassium seems to be involved at least transiently, and, in three of nine dogs, for a more sustained period, in heart rate-induced coronary vasodilation. Cessations (for 15 seconds) of coronary blood flow resulted in transient postischemic increases of coronary sinus [K+] averaging 0.55 mEq/liter. In this case, correction for vascular transit disclosed that the recovery of [K+] preceded the return of vascular tone to baseline for only the second half of the recovery, implying only a limited role for potassium in this response. Potassium appears to play a significant but transient role in the local control of the coronary circulation.

Animals↗