SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “pasting attributes”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources

PubMed1996

Clinical pearls for home health nursing: recollections from an oral history.

Before the current array of prepackaged disposable supplies and durable medical equipment, many "clinical pearls" were devised by home healthcare nurses to facilitate self-care and family caregiving in the home. Analysis of the oral history of a home healthcare nurse practicing between 1965 and 1980 identified the practical clinical pearls she created and targeted ingenuity, resourcefulness, and caring as essential attributes of past, present, and future home healthcare nurses.

History, 20th Century↗

PubMed1997

Demographic and economic correlates of health in old age.

In this paper we examine disparities in the ability to function among older Americans. We place special emphasis on two goals: (1) understanding the quantitatively large socioeconomic status-health gradient, and (2) the persistence in health outcomes over long periods. We find that there exist strong contemporaneous and long-run feedbacks from health to economic status. In light of these feedbacks, it is important to distinguish among alternative sources of income and the recipient of income in the household. This research also demonstrates that health outcomes at old age are influenced by health attributes of past, concurrent, and future generations of relatives. Finally, we find that the demographic and economic differences that exist among them explain functional health disparities by race and ethnicity, but not by gender.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2003

Patterns of abnormal pudendal nerve function that are associated with postpartum fecal incontinence.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess patterns of abnormal pudendal nerve function in women who complain of postpartum fecal incontinence. STUDY DESIGN: During a 12-month period, a cohort of 83 women underwent neurophysiologic assessment as part of an evaluation of fecal incontinence after vaginal delivery. Pudendal nerve assessment consisted of the measurement of the clitoral-anal reflex and quantitative electromyography of the external anal sphincter. Endoanal ultrasound examination and anal manometry were also performed in each patient. RESULTS: Thirty of 83 women (38%) with fecal incontinence were found to have abnormal neurophysiologic condition, among whom four identifiable patterns of abnormality emerged. Five women (17%) had evidence of pudendal nerve demylenation with a prolonged sensory threshold of the clitoral-anal reflex (>5.2 mA), although electromyography studies were normal. Eight women (27%) had abnormal electromyography results that were consistent with axonal neuropathy with or without reinervation, in whom the clitoral-anal reflex was normal. Thirteen women (43%) demonstrated a mixed demyelinating and axonal pudendal neuropathy, with evidence of reinervation. Four women (13%) had abnormal patterns of neurophysiologic condition that was not attributable directly to past obstetric trauma but to coincident medical problems. CONCLUSION: Four abnormal patterns of pudendal nerve function may be identified, three of which (demyelinating, axonal, and mixed demyelinating/axonal) can be attributed to specific past obstetric events, although a fourth radicular pattern is due to coincident medical or orthopedic problems. Assessment of pudendal nerve function is important in women with postpartum fecal incontinence because particular patterns of abnormality correlate with different symptoms and can influence treatment options.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed2001

Infrequent genetic exchange and recombination in the mitochondrial genome of Candida albicans.

Previous analyses of diploid nuclear genotypes have concluded that recombination has occurred in populations of the yeast Candida albicans. To address the possibilities of clonality and recombination in an effectively haploid genome, we sequenced seven regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in 45 strains of C. albicans from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients in Toronto, Canada, and 3 standard reference isolates of C. albicans, CA, CAI4, and WO-1. Among a total of 2,553 nucleotides in the seven regions, 62 polymorphic nucleotide sites and seven indels defined nine distinct mtDNA haplotypes among the 48 strains. Five of these haplotypes occurred in more than one strain, indicating clonal proliferation of mtDNA. Phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA haplotypes resulted in one most-parsimonious tree. Most of the nucleotide sites undergoing parallel change in this tree were clustered in blocks that corresponded to sequenced regions. Because of the existence of these blocks, the apparent homoplasy can be attributed to infrequent, past genetic exchange and recombination between individuals and cannot be attributed to parallel mutation. Among strains sharing the same mtDNA haplotypes, multilocus nuclear genotypes were more similar than expected from a random comparison of nuclear DNA genotypes, suggesting that clonal proliferation of the mitochondrial genome was accompanied by clonal proliferation of the nuclear genome.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2006

Regulatory effect of amino acids on the pasting behavior of potato starch is attributable to its binding to the starch chain.

The binding of an amino acid, glycine (Gly), alanine (Ala), epsilon-aminocaproic acid (-AC), monosodium glutamate (GluNa), or lysine (Lys), to starch was examined by a biomolecular interaction analyzer (IAsys). A starch sample (ATS) hydrolyzed to an extent of 1% hydrolysis rate with 15% sulfuric acid was used as a model starch for the binding examination. The reducing end of ATS was oxidized by the Somogyi reagent, and the conversion of the reducing end to the carboxyl group of ATS was confirmed by a carboxylic acid fluorescence labeling reagent. The oxidized ATS was immobilized to the amino group of a sensor cuvette by using water-soluble carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide through an amide bond. The IAsys examination showed that Gly, Ala, and epsilon-AC scarcely bound to the immobilized starch chains but that GluNa and Lys favorably bound with their increasing concentrations. The relative binding index (RBI) of each amino acid was defined by the ratio of the slope of the linear regression equation between the binding response and the concentration for each amino acid to that for Gly. Because the relationships between the RBI and the pasting characteristics (pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, and swelling index) could each be expressed by a linear regression equation with a high correlation coefficient, it is concluded that the regulation of the pasting behavior of starch with an amino acid is caused by binding of the amino acid to the starch chains.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed2006

Visceral drives in retrospect: explanations about the inaccessible past.

The present research demonstrates that the extent to which people appreciate the influence past visceral states have had on behavior (e.g., the influence hunger has had on food choice) depends largely on their current visceral state. Specifically, we found that when people were in a hot state (e.g., fatigued), they attributed behavior primarily to visceral influences, whereas when people were in a cold state (e.g., nonfatigued), they underestimated the influence of visceral drives and instead attributed behavior primarily to other, nonvisceral factors. This hot-cold empathy gap was observed when people made attributions about the past behavior of another person or themselves, and proved difficult to overcome, as participants could not correct for the biasing influence of their current visceral state when instructed to do so. These different attribution patterns also had consequences for people's satisfaction with their performance. Those who attributed their poor performance to visceral factors were more satisfied than those who made dispositional attributions.

Drive↗

PubMed1999

Serum CA125 elevation and risk of clinical detection of cancer in asymptomatic postmenopausal women.

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to assess the correlation between CA125 elevation, a past history of cancer, and future risk of a diagnosis of cancer among asymptomatic postmenopausal women. METHODS: The subjects consisted of a study group of 771 women with elevated CA125 (> or =30 U/mL) and a control group of 771 women with CA125 <30 U/mL. They were selected from a prospective ovarian carcinoma screening trial of 22,000 postmenopausal women followed for a mean of 2269 days. RESULTS: Subjects in the study group were more likely to have a past history of cancer than subjects in the control group (odds ratio [OR] 2.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.49-3.58). Much of the difference in cancer risk prior to CA125 testing was attributable to a past history of breast carcinoma (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.45-4.42), but CA125 elevation did not predict recurrence of breast carcinoma. Subjects in the study group were also more likely to develop cancer in the future (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.61-3.97). This difference was due to an increased risk of gynecologic cancer (OR 30.09, 95% CI 4.09-221.59). CA125 elevation was not associated with an increase in the future risk of developing breast carcinoma (OR 1.19, 95% CI 0.53-2.66) or nongynecologic cancer (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.86-2.36). CONCLUSIONS: Elevated CA125 in asymptomatic postmenopausal women is not a predictor of nongynecologic cancer or recurrence of cancer, and further investigation should be limited to the detection of gynecologic cancers.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1995

Nosocomial candidemia: risk factors and attributable mortality.

Over the past decade, the incidence of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections caused by Candida species has risen and the species associated with such infections have changed. The incidence of candidemia is dramatically higher in high-risk, critical-care units than in other parts of the hospital. Certain underlying physical conditions including acute leukemia, leukopenia, burns, gastrointestinal disease, and premature birth predispose patients to nosocomial candidemia. Independent risk factors include prior treatment with multiple antibiotics, prior Hickman catheterization, isolation of Candida species from sites other than the blood, and prior hemodialysis. In this article some of the challenges posed by the management of nosocomial candidemia are presented in three case studies. In addition, the results of several investigations of nosocomial candidemia at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics are reviewed.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Understanding the state variation in Medicare home health care. The impact of Medicaid program characteristics, state policy, and provider attributes.

OBJECTIVES: During the past 7 years there has been a significant increase in the use of the Medicare home health benefit. In this article, the authors document trends in the use of the benefit and develop multivariate models to identify the factors that explain state variation in its use. METHODS: To develop quantitative models, the authors collected state information on all variables for each of 3 years: 1991, 1992, and 1993. The authors chose to focus on those variables that had been found to be significant in other research as well as those that we posited would likely influence utilization. The authors tested similar sets of explanatory variables for each year of the analysis. The unit of analysis is the "state" and depending on data availability, the number of states included in the analyses range from between 46 to 49. (Arizona does not have a state Medicaid program.) RESULTS: The authors' analysis shows that interaction exists between state policies and use of the benefit. Utilization is higher in states that face greater fiscal pressure concerning their Medicaid budgets; the lack of state personal care programs increases Medicare use, and, when Medicaid home health expenditures decline, the number of Medicare home health care users increases. There is also an inverse relationship between the number of long-term care and skilled nursing facilities in a state and the use of the benefit. Thus, for some, the benefit serves as a substitute for long-term care needs and, for others, for postacute care needs. CONCLUSIONS: The overlap between the population served and the services provided by state programs and Medicare has given states and providers an opportunity to leverage Federal dollars in lieu of state program dollars. As the Federal government attempts to control expenditure growth, policy-makers must be mindful of how state actions can influence the level and type of Federal expenditure.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

[Current aspects of diagnosis and therapy of nasal polyposis].

Nasal polyps are tumor-like, hyperplastic swellings of the nasal mucous membranes. The histology may vary. The clinical picture shows a great heterogeneity, ranging from single polyps (so-called choanal polyps) to almost complete polypoid transformation of the mucosa in all paranasal sinuses. Nasal polyps may be associated with different inflammatory nasal diseases such as chronic rhino-sinusitis, cystic fibrosis and Kartagener's syndrome. The exact pathogenesis of nasal polyps is unknown. Several theories have been formulated over the past 20 years attributing nasal polyps to a variety of causes including allergy, genetic predisposition and inflammation. Recently, a relationship has been demonstrated between the production of cytokines and the formation and activation of inflammatory cells in the polyps. The diagnosis and surgical treatment of nasal polyposis has been decisively developed over the past decade. Current diagnostic and therapeutic concepts are presented for the treatment of nasal polyposis. Precise indications for medical and surgical treatment of nasal polyposis can be derived from an evaluation of the allergic endoscopic and radiological examinations. Glucocorticoids play a dominant role in conservative therapy. Topical application of steroids is the preferred route. Surgical therapy should not be radical. It should focus on the lateral nasal wall rather than on the healthy mucosa of the sinuses itself.

Diagnosis, Differential↗

PubMed2006

Acid stability of carbon paste enzyme electrodes.

This note reports on the unusual protection of several enzymes against harsh pH conditions provided by carbon paste electrodes. Both glucose oxidase and polyphenol oxidase carbon paste amperometric biosensors display a remarkable resistance to acid deactivation compared to conventional biosensors prepared by electropolymeric entrapment of enzymes. For example, the carbon paste enzyme electrodes fully retain their activity upon stressing in strongly acidic conditions (pH approximately 2.0-2.5) for prolonged periods, where conventional (polymer-based) biosensors rapidly lose most of their response. Such unusual acid stability of carbon paste enzyme electrodes is attributed to the "pH memory" of enzymes in the hydrophobic paste environment, to the barrier to hydronium ions provided by the pasting liquid and to decreased conformational mobility.

Acids↗

PubMed1998

Taphonomy and palaeoecology of Olduvai Bed-I (Pleistocence, Tanzania).

Detailed taxonomic and taphomonic studies of rodents and palaeoecological analysis have been undertaken to investigate faunal change in Olduvai Bed-I. The palaeoenvironments inferred from rodent faunas recorded in Olduvai Bed-I suggest a change between the middle (FLK + FLKNN) and the top of the series (FLKN). Changes have also been observed from taxonomic studies of large mammals and from palynological studies. These differences have been attributed in the past to climatic change, but taphonomic studies suggest a more complex scenario. The environment at Olduvai Bed-I is here interpreted through analysis of fossil faunas and fossilization processes. Identification of the causative agents that could have altered the faunal composition provides information on the environment and on the nature of the change observed between the middle and top of Bed-I. This information can then be used to test conflicting hypotheses about the origins and amount of faunal and pollen change. Results show evidence of predation in all units of Bed-I and can be attributed to different predators along the series. Different predator behaviours explain some of the variability observed by previous authors in the small mammal species composition between the middle and the top of Bed-I. After taking taphonomy into account, the remaining faunal differences point to environmental differences between middle and upper Bed-I and even greater within the upper Bed-I sequence. These differences go beyond the range that is present today in the tropical woodland-savanna biome. Our interpretation of the palaeoenvironments is that the middle Bed-I faunas indicate a very rich closed woodland environment, richer than any part of the present-day savanna biome in Africa, changing to less rich woodland in upper Bed-I with a trend towards more open and seasonal woodlands at the top of the series.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Causal attribution and Mill's methods of experimental inquiry: past, present and prospect.

J. S. Mill proposed a set of Methods of Experimental Inquiry that were intended to guide causal inference under every conceivable set of circumstances in which experiments or observations could be carried out. The conceptual and historical relationship between these Methods and modern models of causal attribution is investigated. Mill's work retains contemporary relevance because his insights show how research can progress into presently uncharted waters. Following Mill, it is proposed that people use many different methods of causal attribution, the nature of which remains to be ascertained, and that the conditions that affect choice of method include the need to eliminate alternative causal candidates, whether single or multiple events are to be explained, the use of intervention or experiment as opposed to mere observation, and practical concerns.

Causality↗

PubMed1978

Development of type I cells of the rabbit subclavian glomera (aortic bodies): a light, fluorescence and electron microscopic study.

The embryogenesis of the subclavian glomera (aortic bodies) is controversial. Past investigators have attributed the development of the Type I cells to mesodermal and/or neural elements. Based on the results of the present light microscopic, fluorescence histochemical and electron microscopic study of rabbit aortic bodies from 16 days of gestation (term:31 days) to four days postpartum, it appears that the Type I glomus cell are derived from cells of neural crest origin. The subclavian anlage is associated with cells of neural crest origin. The subclavian glomus anlage is associated with cells of vagal origin throughout its development. Evidence of Type I cell development from pre-existing mesodermal condensations is not observed. Type I cells exhibit formaldehyde-induced-fluorescence by the twentieth day of gestation. Dense-cored cytoplasmic vesicles are apparent by the sixteenth day of gestation. The number of cytoplasmic vesicles increases steadily, but the greatest increase of vesicles is observed between the twenty-eighth day of gestation and birth. Primitive Type I glomus cells exhibit abundant polysomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum indicative of synthetic activity. Nerve terminals are apparent adjacent to Type I cells by the twentieth day of gestation, but synaptogenesis does not occur until sometime between the twenty-fourth and twenty-eighth days of gestation. Abundant vascularity, characteristic of chemosensory glomera, is not achieved until the twenty-eighth day of gestation.

Animals↗

PubMed1994

Breast cancer during pregnancy.

Breast cancer during pregnancy involves a host of psychosocial, ethical, religious, and legal considerations, as well as medical multidisciplinary decisions. Treatment modalities. Breast or chest wall radiation therapy should be avoided because the fetal dose, regardless of the trimester, can cause permanent complications. In the second and third trimester, chemotherapy is associated with intrauterine growth retardation and prematurity in approximately half of the infants; the risk of birth defects is a concern during the first several weeks. Typical anesthetic agents readily reach the fetus but are not known to be teratogenic. Modified radical mastectomy without delay is the best option in pregnant patients with Stage I or II and some Stage III cancer. Although abortion allows full treatment to the mother, it is not known whether the procedure is therapeutic. Early in pregnancy abortion deserves strong consideration. Prognosis. The poor prognosis of pregnancy-associated breast cancer in the past probably is attributable to a combination of initial delay and possibly to the unfavorable biologic characteristics of pregnancy. When pregnant patients are matched stage for stage with control subjects, survival seems equivalent, although pregnant patients have more advanced stage disease.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1983

Review: putative mutagens and carcinogens in foods. I. Nitrate/nitrite ingestion and gastric cancer mortality.

Published figures for per capita daily levels of nitrate ingestion in the 1970s are compared with gastric cancer mortality estimates for the same period. A strong positive correlation is observed in 12 countries, not only when the data are analyzed as a linear-linear function, as illustrated in this paper, but also when the relationship is analyzed as a function of (nitrate)2. This correlation supports the concept that important components of gastric cancer induction are the in vivo bacterial reduction of nitrate to nitrite and the intragastric formation of mutagenic/carcinogenic nitroso, and possibly nitro compounds. Data are summarized from a recent National Academy of Sciences [1981] study that enumerates by individual dietary sources the mean ingestion of nitrate and nitrite by the United States population at the present time. The ingestion figures are used to calculate the probable current gastric nitrite load in US adults with normal gastric acidity. Similar calculations are provided for past years (1925, 1936-1937, and 1971-1972). Since 1925, there has been an approximately threefold decrease in gastric cancer mortality in the US, and this decline is paralleled by an approximately fourfold decrease in average gastric nitrite load. The excessive ingestion of nitrate/nitrite in the US in past years is attributed to the very high content of nitrate and nitrite in cured meats. Several ways compatible with current US farming and marketing practices that are capable of reducing the gastric nitrite load even further are pointed out.

Animals↗

PubMed2001

Autoantibodies to pancreatic hsp60 precede the development of glucose intolerance in patients with cystic fibrosis.

Persons expressing the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF) suffer from a high risk of developing impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes. The development of diabetes in CF has been attributed, in the past, to the destruction of pancreatic islets and their resident beta-cells secondary to the destruction of the surrounding tissue by mechanical clogging of the pancreatic exocrine ducts. However, the discovery that autoimmunity to the 60-kDa heat shock protein (hsp60) may cause type I diabetes in NOD mice raises the possibility that hsp60 autoimmunity may be involved in CF diabetes too; could the hyperimmunization to bacterial hsp60 characteristic of CF spread to self-hsp60 and hence to autoimmune diabetes? We now report that rising levels of IgG autoantibodies to hsp60 do indeed precede the appearance of glucose intolerance and diabetes in CF patients. We produced a recombinant human pancreatic hsp60 protein and investigated the IgG antibody response to hsp60 in prediabetic and non-diabetic patients with CF. To detect hsp60 autoantibodies in the presence of high levels of antibodies to bacterial hsp60, we absorbed test sera with the 60-kDa GroEL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and used an immunostaining technique. Using this technique, 32 prediabetic CF patients were evaluated over a five-year period, three years, on the average, before the onset of glucose intolerance. We found that a significant increase in hsp60 autoantibody preceded impaired glucose tolerance (P=0.042, n=17), diabetes (P=0.011, n=15) and glucose intolerance (P=0.005, n=32). As has been observed in NOD mice and in type I diabetic patients, the hsp60 autoantibodies decline at the outbreak of glucose intolerance in the CF patients. The association of CF diabetes with the rise and fall of hsp60 autoimmunity suggests that the pathogenesis of the diabetes may not be merely mechanical, but arise in the wake of bacterial hyperimmunisation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

[Cholesterol-reducing medications-a new therapeutic option for multiple sclerosis? Statins as immunomodulators].

Statins are inhibitors of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, which is crucial for cholesterol biosynthesis, and are widely used as lipid-lowering agents. These drugs greatly reduce atherosclerosis and cardiovascular morbidity, which in the past was mainly attributed to their cholesterol-lowering properties. However, recent evidence suggests that statins are also potent immunomodulators. They exerted beneficial effects on animal models of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and thus have therapeutic potential for multiple sclerosis. Their exact mechanism of action is still unclear. HMG-CoA-dependent effects and a direct effect on immune receptors are conceivable and are reviewed here.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗