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PubMed1979

WAIS performance for different age groups of hypertensive and control subjects during the administration of a diuretic.

This study examined the effects of age and hypertension on WAIS performance. Previous studies have reported that hypertension adversely affects cognitive functioning, but few have considered the influence of hypertension on discrete age groups. Hypertension was found to be negatively associated with WAIS Verbal scores for younger (21 to 39 years) but not older (45 to 65 years) subjects. Further, younger subjects attained higher WAIS Performance scores than did older subjects. Medication history was not associated with performance levels for hypertensives, nor was performance of controls influenced by whether or not they were tested while on a diuretic. When WAIS Performance scores were analyzed for subjects matched on WAIS Verbal scores across age (21 to 39 vs 45 to 65 years) and blood pressure (normotensive vs hypertensive), a significant age by blood pressure interaction was found. The effect of blood pressure on Performance scores was found to be greater for younger than for older subjects. The association between plasma renin activity (PRA) level and WAIS Performance scores was also examined. Contrary to previous findings PRA was not related to Performance scores. The results are discussed in the context of previous hypertension research and their implications for comparisons across age levels.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Effect of the antihistamines, brompheniramine maleate and triprolidine hydrochloride, on performance in man.

1 Effects of brompheniramine maleate (4 and 12 mg) and triprolidine hydrochloride (2.5 and 10 mg) on visuo-motor coordination, and on subjective assessments of performance, well-being and sleep were each studied in six subjects at 0.5, 1.5, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 h after ingestion. The doses refer to immediate and sustained release preparations respectively. 2. Triprolidine hydrochloride (2.5 mg) had an immediate effect on performance which persisted to 3.0 h, and the sustained release preparation (10 mg) impaired performance from 1.5 to 5.0 h. Brompheniramine maleate (4 mg) impaired performance from 1.5 to 3.0 h, and the sustained release preparation (12 mg) impaired performance at 1.5 h. There were no consistent changes in the subjective assessments of performance, or of well-being and sleep. 3. The studies emphasize the variable effects of antihistamines on performance, and suggest that effects on performance of sustained release preparations may be similar to those of the usual form. Sustained release preparations may provide an advantage in clinical practice if the antihistaminic activity is prolonged.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Increasing gut short-chain fatty acids protects intestinal barrier function but does not spare muscle glycogen or impact aerobic performance.

Animal studies suggest gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) provide an intestinal barrier-protecting, glycogen-sparing energy source that increases aerobic endurance performance, but confirmation in humans is needed. This study aimed to determine whether increasing colonic SCFA availability impacts intestinal barrier function, substrate metabolism, muscle glycogen and aerobic performance in healthy adults. Using a randomized, double-blind, crossover design 12 active men (age 18-30 years;40.0 ± 7.1 mL/kg/min) performed prescribed exercise and consumed a provided diet supplemented with acetylated and butyrylated high-amylose maize starch engineered to deliver SCFA to the colon (HAMS-A/B) or low-amylose maize starch (LAMS) for 7 days, separated by a 2 week washout. Indirect calorimetry, stable isotopes and blood, muscle and urine biomarkers were measured on intervention day 8 while participants completed 90 min of steady-state cycle ergometry (ExSS; 60 ± 5%) followed by a 5 km treadmill time trial. HAMS-A/B, relative to LAMS, increased faecal and serum SCFA. Multiple markers of intestinal barrier damage and permeability were lower, and the respiratory exchange ratio during ExSS was higher (0.02 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.01, 0.03], Ptreatment < 0.001) following HAMS-A/B versus LAMS. However no between-treatment difference in glucose turnover, muscle glycogen depletion (14 µmol/kg/g dry wt. [95% CI: -116, 143], Pinteractio n = 0.613) or TT performance (5 s [95%CI: -44, 54], Ptreatment = 0.816) was observed. Increasing colonic and circulating SCFA modestly altered substrate oxidation and preserved intestinal barrier function during endurance exercise. However effects were not sufficient to spare muscle glycogen or increase aerobic endurance performance, leaving the practical relevance unclear and underscoring challenges inherent in translating promising preclinical findings to humans. KEY POINTS: Animal studies suggest gut microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) provide an intestinal barrier-protecting, glycogen-sparing energy source that increases aerobic endurance performance, but confirmation in humans is lacking. A gut microbiota-targeted dietary supplementation strategy was used to deliver SCFA to the colon and successfully increased colonic and systemic SCFA concentrations in healthy, physically active adults before and during an endurance exercise bout and aerobic performance test. Increasing colonic and systemic SCFA availability preserved intestinal barrier function but did not impact glucose turnover, alter protein expression in muscle or spare muscle glycogen during endurance exercise. Increasing colonic and systemic SCFA availability did not impact aerobic endurance performance.

Humans↗

PubMed1975

Effects of pH and pCO2 on performance of ischemic myocardium.

Contractile performance of ischemic feline myocardium was evaluated under conditions of selective changes in perfusate in pH and pCO2. A substantial increase in myocardial performance was noted when the pCO2 was lowered at constant pH, and depression of performance was noted when the pCO2 was increased at constant pH. Perfusate acidosis at constant pCO2 resulted in depression of performance and decreased performance only after 20 min of exposure. Alkalosis did not increase performance and decreased performance transiently during mild ischemia. These studies suggest that performance of myocardium during ischemia is closely related to tissue pCO2 and is minimally related to the level of extracellular pH.

Acidosis↗

PubMed1979

Measurement and scaling of workload in complex performance.

Two groups of paid male volunteers (Groups I, N = 51, tested with identical schedules on two successive days; Group II, N = 43, tested on one day only) performed over nine intervals on various combinations of the six tasks of the CAMI Multiple Task Performance Battery. Two of the tasks involved monitoring static (lights) and dynamic (meters) processes, and four more-active tasks involved mental arithmetic, elementary problem solving, pattern identification, two-dimensional compensatory tracking. Five of the nine intervals provided different complex tasks consisting of concurrent monitoring tasks and two of the active tasks. Other trials provided data on the single active tasks as well as the combined monitoring tasks. The results indicated that all performance measures--a total of 12 for the six tasks--varied significantly as a function of the different task-combination conditions. A standard psychological scaling technique (Thurstone Case V) was applied to the monitoring data (response times for green and red lights, and for meter monitoring) to develop an index of workload for the five complex task combinations. Since better performance was presumed to indicate a lower workload, workload was inferred to increase as performance declined across conditions. The best performances, which were assigned scale values of 0, were found to be associated with single-task performances, as expected. Scale values for the complex task-combination conditions were found to be consistent between groups and between the two days of testing of Group I (r's of 0.947 to 0.993). Although the scale values are specific to the task and task-combination conditions employed, the scaling-procedure application shows promise for cases in which quantitative measures of performance can be acquired with moderately large samples of subjects (N's greater than 50).

Adolescent↗

PubMed2026

Effects of antidepressant administration on physical performance and perceived exertion in athletes: systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Antidepressants are commonly prescribed in athletes with depressive disorders, yet their potential effects on physical performance and perceived exertion remain unclear, and existing evidence is limited and inconsistent. AIM: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of antidepressant use on objective physical performance and perceived exertion in athletes. METHOD: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus through March 2025. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English that enrolled elite, competitive, or recreational athletes; compared antidepressant administration with placebo or no treatment; and reported at least one objective or subjective performance-related outcome. Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models, and pooled mean differences with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251123740). RESULTS: Ten crossover RCTs involving 99 male athletes were included. Interventions included a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (reboxetine), a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (bupropion), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine or paroxetine). Acute antidepressant administration was associated with a small increase in rating of perceived exertion (RPE; mean difference 0.52 points on the Borg 6-20 scale, 95% CI 0.01-1.04; p < 0.05). No significant overall effects were observed for time-trial performance, mean power output, heart rate or blood lactate. However, subgroup analyses showed that reboxetine significantly impaired time-trial performance (mean difference 3.62 min, 95% CI 0.18-7.06; p < 0.05) and reduced mean power output (mean difference - 19.97 W, 95% CI - 36.87 to - 3.06; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Short-term antidepressant administration in athletes was associated with a small increase in perceived exertion, without consistent impairment in objective physical performance. As the current evidence derives exclusively from male athletes and acute exposure, further research should clarify its relevance to female athletes and to longer-term antidepressant treatment in athletes with depressive disorders.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Empirical separation of physiologic and expected effects of alcohol on complex perceptual motor performance.

The role of expectancy in producing perceptual motor-performance deficits following alcohol consumption was investigated in a 2 X 2 factorial experiment. Forty male normal drinkers (1) either were or were not administered 0.414 g ethanol/kg body weight and (2) either were or were not instructed they were consuming an alcoholic beverage (regardless of actual beverage content). Performance on a divided-attention task requiring simultaneous pursuit rotor tracking and choice reaction-time responding provided the main dependent measures. Alcohol disrupted tracking performance and interacted with instructions regarding beverage content to influence choice reaction-time performance. Results confirmed previous reports of divided-attention task performance deficits induced by a low alcohol dose, but, more importantly, indicated that subjects' expectancies also influence performance levels. These findings demonstrate the importance of controlling for expectancy effects in alcohol research, and suggest that alcohol and expectancy may influence perceptual motor performance through different processes.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Neuropsychological significance of variations in patterns of academic performance: verbal and visual-spatial abilities.

Forty-five 9- to 14-year-old children with learning disabilties whose WISC Full Scale IQs fell within the range of 86-114 were divided into three groups on the basis of their patterns of reading, spelling, and arithmetic achievement. Group 1 was composed of children who were uniformly deficient in reading, spelling, and arithmetic; children in Group 2 were relatively adept at arithmetic as compared to their performance in reading and spelling; Group 3 was composed of children whose reading and spelling performances were average or above, but whose arithmetic performance was relatively deficient. The performances of these children on 16 dependent measures were compared. The performances of Groups 1 and 2 were superior to that of Group 3 on measures of visual-perceptual and visual-spatial abilities; Group 3 performed at a superior level to that of Groups 1 and 2 on measures of verbal and auditory-perceptual abilities. The results are discussed in terms of the relationships between varying patterns of academic abilities and patterns of brain-related behaviors, and the nature of the neuropsychological abilities that may limit performance on arithmetic calculation tasks.

Achievement↗

PubMed1977

Effect of menstruation on academic performance among college women.

Many studies report that women's performance and affective patterns fluctuate with their menstrual cycle. Poor mental performance is generally more common during menstruation and for several days prior to onset. Research on academically advanced women, however, has shown that their scholastic performance is less likely to exhibit the usual menstrual decline. Presumably, they are motivated enough to exert a compensatory effort on "off-days." Thus the current research was designed to test whether, among college women, academic performance fluctuates with the menstrual cycle. The academic performance of volunteers in and introductory college psychology course was followed. Biweekly course tests were used to measure performance. The subjects filled out menstrual calendars, indicated their SAT scores, and answered questions from a standardized test of academic motivation. Following the convention of past research, the "paramenstruum" (the time of menstrual stress) was defined to be the 4 days prior to onset and the first 4 days of menstruation. The other days in the cycle comprise the "intermenstruum." On all eight tests, the difference between paramenstrual and intermenstrual performance (adjusted for aptitude and motivation) was insignificant.

Achievement↗

PubMed2024

Evaluating the impact of modeling choices on the performance of integrated genetic and clinical models.

PURPOSE: The value of genetic information for improving the performance of clinical risk prediction models has yielded variable conclusions. Many methodological decisions have the potential to contribute to differential results. We performed multiple modeling experiments integrating clinical and demographic data from electronic health records with genetic data to understand which decisions may affect performance. METHODS: Clinical data in the form of structured diagnostic codes, medications, procedural codes, and demographics were extracted from 2 large independent health systems, and polygenic risk scores (PRS) were generated across all patients of European ancestry with genetic data in the corresponding biobanks. Crohn's disease was studied based on its substantial genetic component, established electronic health records-based definition, and sufficient prevalence for training and testing. We investigated the impact of choices regarding the PRS integration method, training sample, model complexity, and performance metrics. RESULTS: Overall, our results showed that including PRS resulted in higher performance, but this gain was only robust in situations with limited clinical information. We found consistent performance increases from more compute-intensive models, such as random forest, but the impact of other decisions varied by site. CONCLUSION: This work highlights the importance of considering methodological decision points in interpreting the impact of PRS on prediction performance in clinical models.

Humans↗

PubMed2025

Understanding the sources of performance in deep drug response models reveals insights and improvements.

MOTIVATION: Anti-cancer drug response prediction (DRP) using cancer cell lines (CLs) is crucial in stratified medicine and drug discovery. Recently, new deep learning models for DRP have improved performance over their predecessors. However, different models use different input data types and architectures making it hard to find the source of these improvements. Here we consider published DRP models that report state-of-the-art performance predicting continuous response values. These models take chemical structures of drugs and omics profiles of CLs as input. RESULTS: By experimenting with these models and comparing with our simple baselines, we show that no performance comes from drug features, instead, performance is due to the transcriptomics CL profiles. Furthermore, we show that, depending on the testing type, much of the current reported performance is a property of the training target values. We address these limitations by creating BinaryET and BinaryCB that predict binary drug response values, guided by the hypothesis that this reduces the noise in the drug efficacy data. Thus, better aligning them with biochemistry that can be learnt from the input data. BinaryCB leverages a chemical foundation model, while BinaryET is trained from scratch using a transformer-type architecture. We show that these models learn useful chemical drug features, which is the first time this has been demonstrated for multiple testing types to our knowledge. We further show binarizing the drug response values causes the models to learn useful chemical drug features. We also show that BinaryET improves performance over BinaryCB, and the published models that report state-of-the-art performance. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: Code is available from https://github.com/Nik-BB/Understanding_DRP_models.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Performance studies with diazepam and its hydroxylated metabolites.

1 Visuo-motor coordination has been used to study the immediate and residual effects of benzodiazepines on performance in man. The technique provides dose and time response data related to the decrement and the persistence of impaired performance. 2 With the overnight ingestion of flurazepam hydrochloride 30 mg and nitrazepam 10 mg, performance was impaired to 16 h and, at least, 19 h, respectively. Performance was not impaired after the overnight ingestion of diazepam, 5 and 10 mg, temazepam 10, 20 and 30 mg or oxazepam 15 and 30 mg. However, with temazepam 30 mg there was a trend toward impaired performance,, and with oxazepam 45 mg, performance was impaired 10 h after ingestion. With morning ingestion, coordination was impaired 0.5 and 2.5 h after diazepam 10 mg, at 0.5 h after temazepam 20 mg, and after oxazepam 30 mg at 2.5 and 4.5 hours. 3 The studies suggest that diazepam 5-10 mg, temazepam 10-20 mg and oxazepam 15-30 mg may be of use in the management of sleep disturbance when impaired performance the next day is to be avoided.

Barbiturates↗

PubMed1977

A comparison of the performance of three multiple choice question papers in obstetrics and gynaecology over a period of three years administered at five London medical schools.

Four, and later five, of the medical schools in the one multiple choice question (MCQ) paper in Obstertrics and Gynaecology to their students at the end of the Obstetrics and Gynaecology courses. The paper was amended twice after intervals of approximately 12 months. The results showed differences in performance between the five schools on questions and alternatives within questions, which were common to all editions of the paper (the "short" paper). These differences were also shown in the first two editions of the full paper (the "long" paper), but were not apparent in the third. There was a significant improvement in performance from the first to the second paper edition of the long by approximately 11%, but this was reversed from the second to the third edition, where there was a significant decrease in performance by approximately 4%. We cannot here exclude the possibility that this decrease in the third edition has resulted from sample bias. The rank order of the schools may result from differences in methods of teaching. It seems that such relative performance between London medical schools in contributed to by the differences in course legnth and by the occurence of mid-course test. It appears also that student performance in any of the schools has not been uniform over the period of the study, there being a peak during the period when the second edition of the paper was used. Variations in student selection occuring between schools may effect some of these differences. There was also a marked difference in students' performance between Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The short papers appeared easier than the full papers. Whilst this may due to the greater clarity of phrasing for the questions of the short paper, we also believe the subject matter of the short paper may be more relevant. A distinct effect could also be shown, over the period, due to improvements in the wording of the questions. It is possible that students perform better at Obstetrics than at Gynaecology.

Curriculum↗

PubMed2025

Impact of Muscle Quality on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance Beyond Muscle Mass or Diabetes Status.

BACKGROUND: Muscle quality, represented by myosteatosis, is recognized as an important factor in sarcopenia. In this study, we aimed to determine the associations between myosteatosis, muscle strength and physical performance among the elderly South Korean population. METHODS: We included 1440 participants (mean age 62.7 ± 6.2 years) from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). Based on the computed tomography attenuation of mid-thigh imaging, the total muscle area (TMA), normal-attenuation muscle area (NAMA), low-attenuation muscle area (LAMA) and inter-intramuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and its indices were used to evaluate myosteatosis. Muscle strength was evaluated using hand grip strength, whereas physical performance was evaluated through 4-m gait speed, a 30-s sit-to-stand test and 2-min walking test. RESULTS: Of the 1440 patients, 51.5% were women, and 37.2% had diabetes. With aging, the LAMA index gradually increased, and the NAMA index gradually decreased in both men and women (p for trend < 0.001). The NAMA index was positively associated, whereas the LAMA and IMAT indices were negatively associated with muscle strength and physical performance after adjusting for age and sex. Higher tertiles of the NAMA index were consistently associated with improved physical performance across all appendicular skeletal muscle tertiles. The relationship between the NAMA index or LAMA index and muscle strength and physical performance did not differ according to diabetic status. Regular exercise was associated with a higher NAMA index and a lower LAMA index in the non-diabetic group; however, no significant difference in muscle quality was observed in the diabetic group in relation to exercise. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced myosteatosis was positively associated with greater muscle strength and better physical performance in both men and women, regardless of muscle mass or diabetes status; improving myosteatosis may be a therapeutic target for the prevention of sarcopenia.

Humans↗

PubMed1978

Effects of marijuana extract distillate and cannabidiol on variable interval performance as a function of food deprivation.

Lever-pressing rates plotted as a function of number of hours of food deprivation produces an inverted U curve, the activation performance curve. Since delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol depresses the response rate on variable interval (VI) performance, it may be that the response depression reflects changes in this curve. Rats were tested VI performance at five levels of food deprivation and were treated with a vehicle control, marijuana extract distillate (MED) at 7.5 and 11.25 mg/kg, cannabidiol (CBD), at 15 mg/kg or combinations: 7.5 mg/kg MED + 15 mg/kg CBD and 11.25 mg/kg MED + 15 mg/kg CBD. MED produced a depression of VI performance which was greatest at low levels of deprivation. CBD did not depress performance. When CBD was conbined with MED, potentiation of depression occurred. The potentiation depression was not additive, but occurred at high levels of deprivation. It appears that MED depresses performance most at low levels of deprivation and that CBD potentiates the depression produced by MED at high levels of deprivation.

Animals↗

PubMed2026

Characterization of age-related changes in the gut microbiome and metabolome of Kunming dogs and their associations with police performance.

BACKGROUND: Gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in regulating the host's central nervous system (CNS) activity and behavior. However, its influence on the police performance of Kunming dogs and the underlying mechanisms remain largely unexplored. This study was the first to apply multi-omics technologies to investigate the dynamic variations in gut microbiota and their metabolic profiles across different ages of Kunming dogs. Furthermore, we systematically examined the associations between these microbial alterations and police performance metrics, providing a theoretical foundation for enhancing the working capabilities of Kunming dogs through targeted modulation of intestinal microecology. RESULTS: The study showed that puppies, young dogs and adult dogs had significantly better police performance than elderly dogs, with young dogs exhibiting the highest scores. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequencing demonstrated that gut microbial diversity and stability were highest during the young dog stage, gradually declining with age. Metagenomic analysis revealed that the abundance of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus johnsonii, Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Ligilactobacillus animalis and Muribaculum gordoncarteri were strongly correlated with police performance. The results of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) indicated that the above species have functional genes involved in GABAergic and glutamatergic synapse pathways. Furthermore, metabolomic analysis showed that differential metabolites were enriched in the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway, in which GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), histamine and tyramine metabolites were positively correlated with the above species and police performance. CONCLUSION: The species L. acidophilus, L. johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. animalis, and M. gordoncarteri, which were enriched in the gut of puppies and young Kunming dogs, may potentially influence the nervous system through the production of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, suggesting a possible association with police performance. Video Abstract.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluating the performance of nurses: a multidimensional approach.

This article describes the development--including content, structure, validity, and reliability--of the Six-dimension Scale of Nursing Performance (Six-D Scale), which consists of a series of 52 nurse behaviors grouped into six performance subscales: leadership (5 items), critical care (7 items), teaching/collaboration (11 items), planning/evaluation (7 items), interpersonal relations/communications (12 items), and professional development (10 items). The scale may be used to obtain self-appraisals of performance, employer appraisals of performance, or perceived adequacy of nursing school preparation for performance. The case is made for the construct and pragmatic validity of the Six-D Scale, and all six subscales are shown to be highly reliable. The instrument was found to be suitable for performance evaluation as well as a useful research tool.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed2024

Aficamten and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Performance: A Substudy of the SEQUOIA-HCM Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Impaired exercise capacity is a cardinal manifestation of obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). The Phase 3 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Aficamten Compared to Placebo in Adults With Symptomatic Obstructive HCM (SEQUOIA-HCM) is a pivotal study characterizing the treatment effect of aficamten, a next-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, on a comprehensive set of exercise performance and clinical measures. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of aficamten on exercise performance using cardiopulmonary exercise testing with a novel integrated measure of maximal and submaximal exercise performance and evaluate other exercise measures and clinical correlates. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a prespecified analysis from SEQUOIA-HCM, a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial. Patients were recruited from 101 sites in 14 countries (North America, Europe, Israel, and China). Individuals with symptomatic obstructive HCM with objective exertional intolerance (peak oxygen uptake [pVO2] ≤90% predicted) were included in the analysis. Data were analyzed from January to March 2024. INTERVENTIONS: Randomized 1:1 to aficamten (5-20 mg daily) or matching placebo for 24 weeks. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was change from baseline to week 24 in integrated exercise performance, defined as the 2-component z score of pVO2 and ventilatory efficiency throughout exercise (minute ventilation [VE]/carbon dioxide output [VCO2] slope). Response rates for achieving clinically meaningful thresholds for change in pVO2 and correlations with clinical measures of treatment effect (health status, echocardiographic/cardiac biomarkers) were also assessed. RESULTS: Among 282 randomized patients (mean [SD] age, 59.1 [12.9] years; 115 female [40.8%], 167 male [59.2%]), 263 (93.3%) had core laboratory-validated exercise testing at baseline and week 24. Integrated composite exercise performance improved in the aficamten group (mean [SD] z score, 0.17 [0.51]) from baseline to week 24, whereas the placebo group deteriorated (mean [SD] z score, -0.19 [0.45]), yielding a placebo-corrected improvement of 0.35 (95% CI, 0.25-0.46; P <.001). Further, aficamten treatment demonstrated significant improvements in total workload, circulatory power, exercise duration, heart rate reserve, peak heart rate, ventilatory efficiency, ventilatory power, and anaerobic threshold (all P <.001). In the aficamten group, large improvements (≥3.0 mL/kg per minute) in pVO2 were more common than large reductions (32% and 2%, respectively) compared with placebo (16% and 11%, respectively). Improvements in both components of the primary outcome, pVO2 and VE/VCO2 slope throughout exercise, were significantly correlated with improvements in symptom burden and hemodynamics (all P <.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: This prespecified analysis of the SEQUOIA-HCM randomized clinical trial found that aficamten treatment improved a broad range of exercise performance measures. These findings offer valuable insight into the therapeutic effects of aficamten. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05186818.

Humans↗