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At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Comparative performance of portable DNA extraction protocols and bioinformatics workflows for rapid detection of gram-negative bacteria and antimicrobial resistance using Oxford Nanopore sequencing.

Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) enables rapid, portable pathogen identification and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) detection, but the reliability of downstream genomic analyses is highly dependent on DNA extraction quality, particularly in resource-limited settings. This study comparatively evaluated four portable bacterial DNA extraction protocols derived from three commercial kits to determine their impact on nanopore sequencing performance, bioinformatics workflow completion, and field deployability. Six gram-negative bacterial isolates (Escherichia coli, n = 4; Pseudomonas sp., n = 1; and Salmonella sp., n = 1) were processed using four extraction protocols: SwiftX DNA, SwiftX DNA with proteinase K (ProtK), SwiftX ParaBact, and NucleoSpin Microbial. Twenty-four resulting DNA extracts were sequenced on a single multiplexed MinION R10.4.1 flow cell. Sequencing data were analyzed using validated Galaxy-based generic and species-specific pipelines. Workflow completion was defined as successful progression through quality control, assembly, virulence, plasmid, and AMR detection modules. DNA purity varied substantially by extraction protocol and was strongly associated with successful workflow completion (Kruskal-Wallis, P = 0.0006). Accordingly, NucleoSpin Microbial achieved 100% workflow completion, and SwiftX ParaBact achieved 83%, while both SwiftX DNA-based protocols failed to complete full workflows. Importantly, key AMR genes required to classify isolates as multidrug-resistant were consistently detected using both NucleoSpin Microbial and SwiftX ParaBact extractions. However, NucleoSpin Microbial assemblies showed significantly higher contiguity and enabled a broader, more complete detection of virulence factors, pathogenicity islands, plasmid replicons, and accessory AMR genes, reflecting enhanced genomic resolution.IMPORTANCERapid whole-genome sequencing is increasingly used to detect antimicrobial resistance and guide public health responses, but its reliability depends strongly on how bacterial DNA is extracted. In this study, we have shown that DNA extraction method choice has a major impact on Oxford Nanopore sequencing performance across clinically relevant gram-negative bacteria. While silica column-based extraction maximized genomic completeness and analytical depth, paramagnetic bead-based reverse purification offered superior portability with sufficient resolution for frontline AMR surveillance. These findings highlight a practical trade-off between field deployability and high-resolution genomic characterization in low-resource settings.

DNA extraction↗
PubMed2004

The potential for biosensors in cardiac surgery.

Biosensor technology has been used in portable medical diagnostic instrumentation since the 1980s, mainly for the home monitoring of blood glucose in diabetics. Numerous types of sensor have been developed and reported in the literature and instrumentation which incorporates biosensors is now available for use in the emergency rooms and intensive care units for some critical parameters. However, there are still many opportunities for the development of rapid assays using biosensors which could be of assistance in cardiac surgery. This paper discusses the biosensor concept and where the key opportunities for biosensor development arise in current and future cardiac surgery.

Biosensing Techniques↗
PubMed2006

Rapid, simple, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay with SiO2 particles and quartz crystal microbalance for quantifying Schistosoma japonicum antibodies.

BACKGROUND: The resurgence of the parasitic disease schistosomiasis calls for more efficient diagnostic tests. We developed a rapid, simple, portable, and sensitive immunoagglutination assay that uses SiO(2) particles and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) for quantifying Schistosoma japonicum (Sj) antibodies (SjAb). METHODS: We prepared submicrometer-sized silica particles derivatized with Sj antigens as replacements for traditional latex microspheres to specifically agglutinate in the presence of SjAb targets, and we used the QCM monitor to measure the resulting frequency shifts. We optimized the assay medium by adding poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a response accelerator of immunoagglutination. To minimize or eliminate any nonspecific agglutination or adsorption interferences, we conducted appropriate sealing procedures separately for silica particles and the QCM probe. RESULTS: The measured frequency changes were linearly related to the SjAb concentrations in infected rabbit serum. The PEG-assisted immunoagglutination system was quantitatively sensitive to SjAb concentrations ranging from approximately 0.70 to 32.31 mg/L, with a detection limit of approximately 0.46 mg/L. The obtained linear regression equation was: y=43.61 x+80.44 (r=0.9872). Several serum specimens were evaluated with the developed QCM immunoassay and the results were compared with ELISA, validating the feasibility of practical applications. CONCLUSIONS: This novel immunoagglutination-based QCM detection format is rapid, simple to use, and more portable than conventional diagnostic immunoassays, thus offering a promising alternative tool that can be used for point-of-care clinical diagnosis of schistosomiasis, particularly in epidemic situations.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Tabular differential diagnosis of traumatic intracranial hematomas and cerebral contusions using a portable calculator].

Mathematical diagnostic tables for differentiating intracranial hematomas and contusions of the brain were compiled on the basis of a minimax algorithm with the use of the M-222 electronic computer. Their application in 160 cases with intracranial traumatic hematomas and in 110 cases with contusion of the brain provided exact diagnosis in 90% of cases. The mathematical calculations are adapted for use with the "Elektronika" microcomputers manufactured in the USSR.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical application of FCR (Fuji Computed Radiography) for portable chest radiographs in the ICU].

The diagnostic value of the portable chest radiography obtained with Fuji computed radiography (FCR) was evaluated in comparison with conventional images in 23 patients who were admitted to ICU in Yokohama City University Hospital. On the whole, FCR produced more excellent images than conventional screen-film radiographs. Especially the evaluation for the demonstration of the catheters, the endotracheal tubes and the tracheal shadows obtained high score. We discuss the clinically utility of FCR for the portable chest radiographs in ICU.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of the NovaSom QSG, a new sleep apnea home-diagnostic system, and polysomnography.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a serious, common, and underdiagnosed disorder that challenges health care resources. While polysomnography (PSG) represents the standard diagnostic test for OSA, portable devices provide an alternative diagnostic tool when issues of cost, time, geographic availability, or other constraints pose impediments to in-lab testing. This study compares the NovaSom QSG, a new sleep apnea home diagnostic system, to PSG both in the laboratory and in the home. METHODS: Fifty-one consecutive adults referred to the sleep lab for suspicion of OSA underwent one night of in-lab, simultaneous recording of PSG and NovaSom QSG in addition to using the NovaSom QSG at home for three nights. Two separate comparisons were made using the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): in-lab PSG to in-lab NovaSom QSG and in-lab PSG to home NovaSom QSG. RESULTS: Using a clinical cut-off of AHI=15, the sensitivity and specificity of the in-lab NovaSom QSG vs. PSG were 95% and 91%, respectively. For home NovaSom QSG vs. in-lab PSG, the sensitivity was 91% and specificity was 83%. The intra-class correlation coefficient for the agreement between three separate nights of NovaSom QSG home data was 0.88. CONCLUSIONS: In a patient population suspected of having OSA, the NovaSom QSG demonstrated acceptable sensitivity and specificity both in the lab and self-administered in the home, when compared to PSG.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

The value of portable ultrasound for evaluation of cardiomegaly patients presenting at the emergency department.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the value of a hand-carried portable ultrasound device in the emergency department for patients with cardiomegaly and evaluate its impact on diagnosis and treatment. We compared the results of the portable ultrasound with the results of physical examination and with standard echocardiograph (SE) in the cardiomegaly patients in emergency department. BACKGROUND: Recently, small portable ultrasound devices have been introduced, and they need more extensive study to evaluate their application. METHODS: We used the OptiGo (Agilent Technologies, Andover, MA) portable device to evaluate emergency patients, and compared it with two SE devices available for this study, the Hewlett Packard (Sono 5500; Andover, MA) or the Vingmed (System V; Horten, Norway). Each of 100 patients was studied by physical examination first then examined with the portable ultrasound and standard echocardiography. The yields from physical examination and portable echocardiography were compared and results of the standard and portable were also compared. RESULTS: There were a total of 243 cardiovascular findings detected by the standard echocardiographic examination in the 100 patients studied. Cardiac examination failed to detect 40% of the overall findings but the portable device missed only 17% of all findings. The portable device evaluated 201 conditions correctly (83%) and missed relevant clinical findings in 37 (17%) as compared to standard echocardiography, but in only 12 (5%) were these findings of major importance As an overall measure of diagnostic value, the portable device would have added to clinical judgment, thus boosting diagnostic accuracy from 62% to 83%. CONCLUSIONS: Portable ultrasound technology can provide rapid, readily available and important clinical information for emergency physicians in the management of emergency patients with cardiomegaly.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A portable digital imaging system in dermatology: diagnostic and educational applications.

Digital photographs were taken by a trainee dermatologist of the presenting lesions of 100 unselected, consecutive new patients. For the 38 patients presenting with rashes there was clinical disagreement in only four cases (10%). For the 62 patients with tumours there was clinical disagreement in three cases (3.8%). In a further three cases both clinicians agreed on a differential diagnosis which was subsequently disproved by histological findings and clinical progress. The study demonstrated that an affordable, low-resolution, fixed-focus digital camera with close-up lenses could provide diagnostically useful images suitable for telediagnosis in dermatology.

Dermatology↗
PubMed1999

Portable computerized polysomnography in attended and unattended settings.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We compared the validity of a new portable polysomnographic recorder against a laboratory-based polysomnographic system from the same manufacturer. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Simultaneous, full polysomnographic recordings from the portable device (PSGP) and the laboratory-based system (PSGL) were obtained using separate sets of sensors on 20 patients referred for investigation of sleep apnea. SETTING: After initial optimization of signals, the portable device was left unattended in 10 of the patients (to simulate home studies), while in the other 10 the signals were reviewed on a laptop computer screen and adjustments to electrode or sensor placement made as needed during the studies. Recordings were manually scored by a technologist blinded to the origin of the data. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: The quality of signals was comparable between the PSGP and PSGL studies, apart from a slight decrease in respiratory signal quality during PSGP studies that led to reduced confidence in respiratory event scoring. SaO2 signal loss was also greater in unattended PSGP. There was good agreement between PSGP and PSGL for sleep variables and the apnea-hypopnea index (r=0.99). The periodic limb movement index was slightly lower during unattended PSGP. Blinded physician assessment of the records led to a recommendation for repeat studies due to poor signal quality in one (10%) attended and one (10%) unattended portable recording. There was no significant discordance between PSGP and PSGL in the final diagnostic formulations. CONCLUSION: Portable polysomnography is a viable alternative to laboratory-based polysomnography and may be improved further by better sensor attachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Ultrasound studies for the demarcation of the spatial extension of teat stenosis and other teat changes in cattle].

Under field conditions in 63 dairy cows a stenosis of the teat was diagnosed in 60 cases and other teat anomalies were found in 5 animals. The results of a traditional clinical examination were compared with results obtained by diagnostic with a portable, 5 MHz linear scanner. The pictures found in unaltered teats were compared with pathological findings. As far as the localisation and extension of teat stenoses or lacerations of the mucosa in the teat is concerned, the accuracy of the diagnosis was improved by ultrasonography. Diagnostic ultrasound can be recommended as an additional diagnostic tool in certain cases of a stenosis or other anomalies of the teat in dairy cows.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Renal lithiasis: addressing the risks of austere desert deployments.

INTRODUCTION: Renal lithiasis affects approximately 5% of the general population, with higher risks for men and increasing risks with increasing age. The forward deployment of the Air Force into austere desert environments with integration of the active duty, Reserves, and Guard presents increasing risks to mission accomplishment with the increased risk of developing renal lithiasis. METHODS: This paper describes seven cases of presumed renal lithiasis in a deployed desert setting in Air Force personnel on flying status. Their status and the location of the base acted as a focus for a review of the literature on kidney stone causation, prevention, diagnosis, and management. RESULTS/DISCUSSION: A review of the literature revealed that current military recommendations to hydrate in the field may not be sufficient for the primary prevention of kidney stones. Beverage choice may prove more useful for prevention. Situations precipitating voluntary dehydration need to be prevented. Although there are superior ways to diagnose renal lithiasis, in the deployed setting patient history and physical examination are usually the only available means. Ultrasound is a viable diagnostic option for use in the deployed setting based on its portability, affordability, and ease of use. Additions to the standard management of renal lithiasis, such as subcutaneous Lidocaine and heat may have value in the deployed setting if the supply of narcotics is limited. CONCLUSION: In the deployed setting, hydration choices, the addition of portable ultrasound to the diagnostic process, and pain management with nontraditional therapies need to be explored.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic intracranial hematomas and hydromas according to the hospital type.

The capability to diagnose and treat is essentially a combination of the professional qualification of the medical specialists and the degree of availability of all necessary instrumentation specific for the respective disorders in the medical institution. 610 patient treated in the Neurosurgery Department of the Plovdiv University of Medicine between 1975 and 1990 were entered into this study. Three periods of the Department's diagnostic capabilities are differentiated within this interval. They are used as an analogue model for the assessment of diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of the different types of hospitals. The patients are categorized as survivors and dead, diagnosed and nondiagnosed in the three periods. It is concluded that all methods available should be used in diagnosing traumatic intracranial hematomas. Their condition permitting patients should always be transported to a neurosurgery clinic where an optimal environment is provided for diagnostics and treatment. Employment of a portable echoencephalograph can additionally augment the diagnostic capabilities of the consultant neurosurgeon in small health-care units especially in cases in which transportation of the patient to a neurosurgery clinic is contraindicated.

Brain Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Portable small size X-ray dosimeter DER-01M designed for dose control and its intensity in X-ray diagnostics].

Described in the paper is a portable small-size X-ray dosimeter DER-0.1 M designed by the Research Institute for Introscopy, Research Production Amalgamation "Spectr", for monitoring the dose and its intensity in the manufacturing and exploitation of general-purpose and specialized X-ray units. A flat-parallel ionizing chamber is used in the device as a radiation detector. The related technical characteristics are contained in the paper.

Diagnostic Services↗