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Results for “Behavioral problems”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Interactive effects of internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors on recurrent pain in children.

OBJECTIVE: To examine, in children, relationships between self-reported recurrent pain and emotion regulation indicated by rated internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors and adjustment. METHOD: Finnish 11-12-year-old schoolchildren (N = 414) completed a questionnaire measuring recurrent pain. Emotion regulation was assessed by a Multidimensional Peer Nomination Inventory, Teacher Rating Form. Relationships between recurrent pain and emotion regulation were examined in logistic regression analyses, after controlling for past injuries and chronic illnesses. RESULTS: Independent of injuries and chronic illnesses, externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors related to recurrent pain, and more so together than separately. Gender differences were found; constructive behavior associated with recurrent pain only in girls. CONCLUSIONS: Low self-control of emotions, indicated by internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors, was related to pain in both boys and girls; high self-control of emotions, indicated by constructive behavior, associated with pain only in girls.

Child↗

PubMed2004

Effects of a caregiver intervention on negative caregiver appraisals of behavior problems in patients with Alzheimer's disease: results of a randomized trial.

Behavioral problems are among the most challenging aspects of caring for a person with Alzheimer's disease. A sample of 406 spouses-caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease was randomized to an active multicomponent counseling and support intervention condition or to a usual care condition. Caregivers reported on the frequency of troublesome patient behaviors and their reactions to them at baseline and at regular follow-up interviews. Random-effects regression models over the first 4 years after randomization revealed that, although the intervention did not affect the frequency of patient behavioral problems, it did significantly reduce caregivers' reaction ratings. Because caregiver appraisals have been found to mediate the impact of caregiving stress on depression and to predict nursing home placement rates, they deserve greater attention as an important target of intervention services.

Aged↗

PubMed2005

The etiology of behavior problems in 7-year-old twins: substantial genetic influence and negligible shared environmental influence for parent ratings and ratings by same and different teachers.

Parent ratings of behavior problems in childhood show substantial genetic influence and modest shared environmental influence. However, few studies have compared these results to teacher ratings and no previous studies have compared same-teacher ratings to different-teacher ratings. 3,714 7-year-old twin pairs in the Twins Early Development Study were rated by parents and teachers on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Substantial heritability and negligible shared environmental influence were found for data from all three raters for total behavior problems, hyperactivity, prosocial behavior, peer problems, conduct problems, and emotional symptoms. Sex-limitation models revealed similar results for males and females, although there was some evidence for greater heritability for boys, especially when twins were rated by the same teacher.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2006

Family cohesion and children's behavior problems: a longitudinal investigation.

We examine the association of family cohesion and conflict with childhood behavior problems. A stratified random sample of 823 children was evaluated at ages 6 and 11 years. Mothers rated the family environment at age 6 using the Family Environment Scale. Mothers and teachers rated children's behavior problems at ages 6 and 11, using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Teacher Report Form, respectively. Multiple regression analysis, applying generalized estimating equations, was used. Although results varied between mothers' and teachers' data, they converged in identifying family cohesion as a factor in children's mental health. Family cohesion, as rated by mothers, had a beneficial effect on children's internalizing and attention problems, as rated by both mothers and teachers, that was stable over time. The study highlights an important relationship between family cohesion and children's internalizing and attention problems.

Child↗

PubMed1988

Convergence between statistically derived behavior problem syndromes and child psychiatric diagnoses.

The relations between scores on statistically derived behavior problem syndromes and DSM-III diagnoses were examined for 270 clinically referred children aged 6 through 16. Each child's parent completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and was administered the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (DISC)--a structured interview covering DSM-III diagnostic criteria. Numerous behavior problems scales scored from the CBCL were significantly related to one or more diagnoses. The strongest relations were between scores on the Hyperactive, Delinquent, and Depressed scales and diagnoses of Attention Deficit Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Depression/Dysthymia, respectively. This convergence supports the validity of some syndromal constructs common to both assessment paradigms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Food selectivity and problem behavior in children with developmental disabilities. Analysis and intervention.

Excessive food selectivity typifies some children with developmental disabilities. We conducted functional analyses to determine the controlling variables for problem behavior that accompanied food selectivity and analyzed the role of establishing operations in ameliorating food selectivity. Specifically, we studied the differential effects on intervention efficacy of an individual's having or not having access to preferred food items prior to an intervention that involved the presence versus absence of a positive reinforcement contingency applied to food consumption. Participants displayed significantly more problem behavior during the nonpreferred-foods condition. Participants consumed nonpreferred target food items only when prior access to preferred foods was limited and a positive reinforcement contingency was implemented. Functional analysis suggested that problem behavior was maintained by negative reinforcement. Intervention data suggested that establishing operations increased the efficacy of the contingency-based intervention. The implications of applying this intervention in the community were discussed as were the relative merits of stimulus fading versus escape extinction intervention strategies.

Autistic Disorder↗

PubMed1999

Predicting change in problem behavior from child and family characteristics and stress in referred children and adolescents.

A three-wave longitudinal study design with two 6-month intervals was used to examine the stability and change in Internalizing, Externalizing, and Total Problem behavior among children and adolescents referred to outpatient mental health services. Our results indicated high stabilities for parent ratings of child psychopathology across a 1-year interval. Additionally, we found decreases in the level of problem behavior. Interindividual differences in change were found for Total Problems and Externalizing behavior but not for Internalizing. While both the child's temperament and intelligence level and family relations were related to the initial level of parent-rated problem behavior, only intermediary stressful life events had an influence on the rate of change of child psychopathology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Behavioral problems in children with Down syndrome.

Forty consecutive children with Down syndrome were included as the Study Group (SG). The Control Group (CG) consisted of forty children attending the immunization clinic in pediatric OPD. Behavior Screening Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to screen the study groups as well as their siblings and control group for behavioral problems. The assessment of parental attitudes was done on Attitude Screening Questionnaire which includes 2 separate questionnaire for mother and father. Twenty two children (55%) with Down's syndrome showed behavioral problems as compared to 5 (12.5%) in control group. Children with Down's syndrome showed behavioral problems related to all the spheres (feeding, socialization, toilet training and sleep) as compared to control group. Mothers showed highly indulgent attitude as related to feeding to nearly total neglect as related to socialization and toilet training whereas in Paternal Attitude Screening Questionnaire, there was total neglect in all the spheres as compared to control group. There is higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders in children with Down's syndrome and their siblings.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Neuroendocrine reactivity, internalizing behavior problems, and control-related cognitions in clinic-referred children and adolescents.

Literature on neuroendocrine-behavior relations suggests that cortisol reactivity to social challenge may be associated with children's internalizing problem behavior. To explore this possibility, and the role of control-related beliefs, we studied 102 7-17-year-old clinic-referred children. Measures of problem behavior, depression and anxiety, and control-related beliefs were collected, and Ss' saliva was sampled before and after a parent-child conflict task. Neuroendocrine activation (i.e., cortisol increase) in response to the interaction task was associated with Ss' (a) social withdrawal, social anxiety, and social problems; (b) socially inhibited behavior during the task; and (c) low levels of perceived social contingency and high levels of external attributions for personal successes and failures. Our findings are among the first to link children's behavioral response to social challenge, neuroendocrine activation, cognitions, and psychopathology.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Callous-unemotional traits, impulsivity, and emotional processing in adolescents with antisocial behavior problems.

Examined the emotional reactivity of adolescents with antisocial behavior problems using a lexical decision paradigm. Evidence from adult forensic samples indicates that psychopathic traits are associated with abnormalities in the processing of emotional stimuli. In an attempt to extend these findings earlier in development, this association was tested in a sample of adolescents (mean age = 16.01; SD = 1.32) referred to a diversion program for delinquent behavior. Emotional processing was assessed by comparing recognition time for emotional words, both positive and negative, to recognition time for nonemotional words. Consistent with adult findings, the callous-unemotional (CU) dimension of psychopathy was associated with slower reaction times to negative words. In contrast, problems of impulse control were associated with faster recognition times for negative emotional words. These findings suggest that different patterns of emotional reactivity may characterize distinct subgroups of youth with antisocial behavior problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Assessment of the influence of background noise on escape-maintained problem behavior and pain behavior in a child with Williams syndrome.

We examined the influence of background noise on levels of problem behavior and pain behavior under functional analysis conditions for a child with a diagnosis of Williams syndrome and hyperacusis. Background noise was associated with increases in escape-maintained problem behavior and increases in pain behavior such as clasping ears and crying. When the child was fitted with earplugs, there were substantial reductions in both problem and pain behavior under the background noise condition.

Child Behavior Disorders↗

PubMed2001

Effectiveness of a home intervention for perceived child behavioral problems and parenting stress in children with in utero drug exposure.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if a home-based nurse intervention (INT), focusing on parenting education/skills and caregiver emotional support, reduces child behavioral problems and parenting stress in caregivers of in utero drug-exposed children. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial of a home-based INT. SETTINGS: Two urban hospital newborn nurseries; homes of infants (the term infant is used interchangeably in this study with the term child to denote those from birth to the age of 36 months); and a research clinic in Baltimore, Md. PARTICIPANTS: In utero drug-exposed children and their caregivers (N = 100) were examined when the child was between the ages of 2 and 3 years. Two groups were studied: standard care (SC) (n = 51) and INT (n = 49). INTERVENTION: A home nurse INT consisting of 16 home visits from birth to the age of 18 months to provide caregivers with emotional support and parenting education and to provide health monitoring for the infant. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Scores on the Child Behavior Checklist and the Parenting Stress Index. RESULTS: Significantly more drug-exposed children in the SC group earned t scores indicative of significant emotional or behavioral problems than did children in the INT group on the Child Behavior Checklist Total (16 [31%] vs 7 [14%]; P =.04), Externalizing (19 [37%] vs 8 [16%]; P =.02), and Internalizing (14 [27%] vs. 6 [12%]; P =.05) scales and on the anxiety-depression subscale (16 [31%] vs. 5 [10%]; P =.009). There was a trend (P =.06) in more caregivers of children in the SC group reporting higher parenting distress than caregivers of children in the INT group. CONCLUSIONS: In utero drug-exposed children receiving a home-based nurse INT had significantly fewer behavioral problems than did in utero drug-exposed children receiving SC (P =.04). Furthermore, those caregivers receiving the home-based INT reported a trend toward lower total parenting distress compared with caregivers of children who received SC with no home visits.

Affective Symptoms↗

PubMed1996

Behavioral problems in low-birthweight preschoolers.

Preschool behavior of a population-based sample of 144 5-year-old children with birthweights less than 2000g (LBW) was compared with a random sample of 163 normal-birthweight term controls. The Personality Inventory for Children and the Yale Children's Inventory were completed by the mothers, and child behavior during psychometric testing was assessed. Nineteen per cent of the LBW children compared to 4% of controls had behavioral problems as defined by abnormal scores on more than three behavioral measures. The LBW children were more often socially insecure, anxious and difficult to manage, but inattention and hyperactivity were not prominent. The LBW children were not more sensitive to the negative impact of parental risk factors than normal-birthweight children.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗

PubMed2003

Predictors of attributions of self-blame and internalizing behavior problems in sexually abused children.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to identify predictors of two potential sequelae of child sexual abuse, self-blame attributions and internalizing behavior problems. METHODS: In the study, detailed information was collected on 218 victims of sexual abuse aged 4 to 17, involved in criminal cases, about their background, the abuse, and their mother's reaction following discovery of the abuse. RESULTS: Increased attributions of self-blame were predicted by the child having a close relationship with the perpetrator, experiencing severe sexual abuse (e.g., long-lasting abuse that involved penetration), perceiving the abuse as disgusting, and coping with the abuse by pretending it was not happening. Similar factors did not emerge as predictors of internalizing behavior problems. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that different child and abuse characteristics predict the two sequelae often associated with childhood sexual abuse. Thus, although self-blame attributions and behavior problems are often considered similar consequences of sexual abuse, there appears a need to distinguish the two types of outcomes following sexual victimization in childhood.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

Behavior problems in elementary school children a follow-up study.

Two-year follow-up data for an ostensibly normal sample of children who had been previously characterized on a number of behavior problem dimensions by their teachers and peers were analyzed. In addition, 1-year follow-up data were presented for a group of extreme behavior children from the same school. The behavior dimensions of Distractibility and Conduct Problem were fairly stable over 2 years for girls and boys. In addition, Inadequacy-Immaturity was stable for girls and may mark more severe behavior problems for young girls. Behavior problems of young girls were more predictive of later achievement difficulties while behavior problems of boys were more predictive of peer and teacher difficulty. Finally, teacher's clinical judgement was demonstrated to be useful for indexing behavior for hyperactive boys.

Achievement↗

PubMed2006

[Bibliotherapy as a self-help program for parents of children with externalizing problem behavior].

OBJECTIVES: Externalizing problem behaviour is one of the most frequent and most stable behavioural disorders of childhood and adolescence. The development of applicable alternatives to expensive and restrictedly available treatments becomes increasingly necessary. This pilot study tested bibliotherapy in the form of a manual-assisted self-help programme under minimum contact conditions for parents of children with externalizing problem behaviour. METHOD: A total of 21 children, aged 6 to 15 years and diagnosed with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and/or an Oppositional Defiant Disorder, were recruited from an outpatient population. The bibliotherapy lasted 10 weeks and consisted of working through a self-help book for parents (Wackelpeter und Trotzkopf). Initial clinical interviews and pre- and post-treatment evaluations were included, as well as short weekly telephone contacts (approx. 20 min. per contact) with the parents. RESULTS: The children's externalizing behaviour was significantly reduced during the intervention. The parenting skills were strengthened. The satisfaction of the parents with the program was high. Fewer than 20% of the parents indicated a need for an additional intensive behavioural outpatient treatment at the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Bibliotherapy may be an applicable and effective treatment alternative for children with disruptive behaviour disorders, at least in families with the resources necessary for this kind of intervention. The results have to be replicated within randomized control group trials.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Understanding burden differences between men and women caregivers: the contribution of care-recipient problem behaviors.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to determine why women caring for men report more burden than other caregivers, and to further examine the role of care-recipient problem behaviors as determinants of burden. METHOD: A sample of 557 primary caregivers of community-dwelling individuals referred to a memory clinic was used. All care-recipients had a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (NINCDS-ADRDA). Data on care-recipient function, caregiver attributes, external supports and caregiver burden were obtained on the first visit. Hierarchical regression models were used to determine the contribution of gender, after controlling for care-recipient status, caregiver attributes, and external supports. RESULTS: This model explained 46% of the variability in caregiver "role burden", with care-recipient problem behaviors and dependence in instrumental activities of daily living. The caregiver/care-recipient gender interaction explained an additional 4% of the variance (p = 0.001); women caring for men scored 5.61 higher on the burden scale than other caregivers. Specific problem behaviors (e.g., anger) were more problematic for women caregivers than men. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that the experience of men and women caregivers may be different despite seemingly identical circumstances, and highlight the need for interventions geared to the specific needs of women caregivers.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Contribution of maternal smoking during pregnancy and lead exposure to early child behavior problems.

Maternal smoking during pregnancy elevates risk for later child behavior problems. Because prior studies considered only Western settings, where smoking co-occurs with social disadvantage, we examined this association in Yugoslavia, a different cultural setting. Mothers enrolled in pregnancy as the low-exposure group in a prospective study of lead exposure were interviewed about health, including smoking history. A total of 199 children were assessed on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at ages 4, 4 1/2, and 5 years. Average cumulative blood lead (BPb) was determined from serial samples taken biannually since delivery. Longitudinal analyses were derived from 191 children with available data on behavior and covariates. Smoking was unrelated to social adversity. Controlling for age, gender, birthweight, ethnicity, maternal education, and Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) Acceptance, smoking was associated with worse scores on almost all subscales; BPb concentration was related to small increases in the Delinquency subscale. Daughters of smokers received significantly higher scores on Somatic Complaints compared to daughters of nonsmokers, consistent with other work relating biological factors and internalizing problems in young girls. Because the present smoking/child behavior associations persist after control for individual and social factors also related to behavior problems, possible biological mediators are considered.

Adult↗