SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CYSTICERCOSIS”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

Praziquantel treatment of porcine brain and muscle Taenia solium cysticercosis. 1. Radiological, physiological and histopathological studies.

Porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis, recognized as a model of the human disease, was used to analyze the effect of the anthelminthic drug praziquantel on hosts and parasites. The drug (50 mg/kg daily) was given over 15 days in the feed of 13 cysticercotic and 9 control pigs. Changes in the number, size and appearance of brain parasites were seen by computerized tomography immediately after the last dose of praziquantel, although not all cysticerci had disappeared by day 47 following the end of the treatment. Muscle parasites became small and hyperdense shortly after treatment and disappeared from tomographic images afterwards. No alterations were found in EEGs or in brain-stem auditory and somatosensory evoked potentials. Muscle cysticerci showed increasing degrees of degeneration with time after treatment, and an augmented inflammatory reaction was concomitantly observed. In contrast, more heterogeneous results were obtained in parasites lodged in the brain, since viable cysts and less intense inflammatory reactions were found in the brain at different times after treatment. Physiological evaluation of the parasites showed that evagination was inhibited immediately after treatment and that oxygen consumption decreased with time. The results of this investigation suggest that praziquantel damages cysticerci and that the inflammatory reaction destroys and eliminates them.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Murine Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis: H-2 complex and sex influence on susceptibility.

Several inbred strains of mice were infected by intraperitoneal injection of ten Taenia crassiceps cysticerci per mouse. Genes linked with the major histocompatibility complex (H-2) were found to influence parasite growth greatly, as demonstrated by the different parasite loads of H-2 congenic mice with BALB background: BALB/c (H-2d) mice were the most susceptible, whereas BALB/k (H-2k) and BALB/b (H-2b) animals were comparatively resistant. Non-H-2 genes had no significant effect on susceptibility in H-2d strains, as reflected by the similar parasite loads in BALB/c, DBA/2, and (BALB/c x DBA/2)F1 mice. Using the H-2b (BALB/b, C57BL/6J) and H-2k (C3H/HeJ, BALB/k, and C3HeB/FeJ) strains, we found that non-H-2 background genes caused a small but significant influence on parasite load. A recombinant mouse strain alleles (Kk, Ik, Sd, Dd) was also susceptible, indicating that S and/or D regions of the H-2d complex are probably involved in the control of resistance to murine cysticercosis. Females of all mouse strains were more susceptible than males. The same effects were observed for H-2 genes and sex, with two strains of T. crassiceps differing in their rate of growth.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Bovine cysticercosis: demonstration in experimentally infected calves of serum IgG antibodies reactive with neutral glycolipids of Taenia saginata and T. crassiceps metacestodes.

The immunoreactivity of Taenia saginata and T. crassiceps metacestode neutral glyco(sphingo)lipids towards IgG antibodies derived from the sera of calves with experimental cysticercosis has been established. The glyco(sphingo)lipids are separable by normal-phase HPTLC (high-performance thin-layer chromatography) into groups of increasing sugar-chain length (lipid/ceramide mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- and > tetrasaccharides), with those corresponding to three and four hexoses being the main immunoreactive components (HPTLC immunostaining). In ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), reverse-phase HPTLC-isolated T. crassiceps metacestode glyco(sphingo)lipids equivalent to tri- and tetrahexoside allowed a discrimination between non-infected and infected calves (at least 80 metacestodes recovered). The formation of IgG antibodies was correlated with the infection, not with other non-specific inducing factors, as seen by the differential humoral response detected in experimentally infected (T. saginata) calves before and after Praziquantel treatment (HPTLC immunostaining and ELISA).

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Computerized axial tomography for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis.

Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) has proved extremely useful for the diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis. The calcified small, multiple, and scattered cysts provide a typical image on CAT. The collection of non-calcified cysts in the subarachnoid spaces (racemose form) or in the ventricles may produce areas of low density similar to that of the cerebrospinal fluid. The dilatation of the ventricular system, extreme degrees of hydrocephalus, areas of cerebral atrophy, and other related changes induced by the cysts in the subarachnoid spaces are also clearly shown in the CAT. Four personal cases are reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Cysticercosis cerebri. Report on seven cases.

The authors report the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of seven personal cases of cerebral cysticercosis. The epidemiology, anatomical location and therapeutic possibilities are studied. A brief review of the literature of 814 cases of neurocysticercosis is also reported.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Cerebral cysticercosis.

Cerebral cysticercosis is the result of infestation of the brain with the larval stage of the intestinal tape worm Taenia Solium. The disease, endemic in some parts of the world, especially Mexico, South America, India, Eastern Europe, is still encountered practically all over the world. There appear to be distinct geographical variations not only in the incidence but also the pattern of the disease. The commonly accepted modes of infection do not stand a critical analysis of available epidemiological data. The brain is a site of predilection for this infestation, where it results in meningeal racemose, parenchymatous ventricular or mixed types of lesions. It may thus produce meningo-encephalitis, granulomatous meningitis, ependymitis , focal granulomas, solitary or multiple parenchymatous cysts, hydrocephalus or a combination of these. Clinically its manifestations are protean and often perplexing, consisting, either alone or in combination, of raised intracranial pressure, focal or multifocal or generalized epileptic seizures, signs and symptoms of a focal mass lesion, hydrocephalus or chronic meningo-encephalitis. Important features of the disease are remissions and recurrences. Laboratory diagnostic investigations are generally unrewarding, there being so far, no single completely reliable test. Recent CAT scan studies have been helpful but not always diagnostic. There is no known medical treatment. Excision of a solitary parenchymatous or intraventricular lesion provides gratifying results but the management of diffuse lesions, presenting with raised intracranial pressure ("pseudo-tumour") is often frustrating. Extensive bilateral decompression, with or without an additional thecoperitoneal shunt, is helpful in some of these cases.

Brain↗

PubMed1983

Diffuse cerebral cysticercosis: clinical and CT findings in a case.

A case of cerebral cysticercosis with both generalized and partial (multifocal) seizures is described. The diagnosis was not possible with traditional (pre-CT) procedures, but CT disclosed a very characteristic pattern. This disease, rare in our country, is very common elsewhere, particularly in South America, where epilepsy of recent onset in an adult or symptoms increased intracranial pressure always suggest this possible etiology.

Brain Diseases↗

PubMed2002

Taenia solium cysticercosis: lymphocytes in the inflammatory reaction in naturally infected pigs.

Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the type of lymphocytes in muscle taeniosis-cysticercosis in naturally infected pigs. The inflammatory response studied was classified into lesions of grades 1, 3, and 5. In grade 1, with a minimal inflammatory infiltrate consisting of eosinophils and a few mononuclear cells, the immunostaining showed more CD4+ cells than CD8+ cells and IgM cells. In grade 3, when the granulomatous reaction was not yet well developed and the destruction of the parasite began, CD4+ and Ig M+ were the predominant cells, although CD8+ cells showed a notable increase. In grade 5, with a few parasitic structures surrounded by an extensive granulomatous infiltrate, lymphocyte subsets were decreased in number and did not show differences from grade 1 except for IgM+ cells, which remained increased. The organization of an active inflammatory response against the metacestode of Taenia solium in pigs includes the sequential participation of CD4+, CD8+ and IgM+ lymphocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

The initial immune response during experimental cysticercosis is of the mixed Th1/Th2 type.

The immunological events that occur during the initial stages of experimental cysticercosis are not known. The studies presented here examined the cytokines produced by peritoneal exudate cells (PECs), splenocytes and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells during the first week of infection with larval Taenia crassiceps in BALB/cJ mice. Proliferation assays determined that the earliest time when antigen-specific responses could be measured was 5 days post-infection. Concanavalin A (ConA) stimulation of host cells elicited an initial burst of IL-4 production at 24 h of infection and ConA-stimulated Th2-type cytokine production is predominant by 7 days post-infection. Thus, there are responses at day 1 of infection that seem to promote a Th2-type response. Stimulation of MLN cells, splenocytes and PECs with larval antigens supported previous reports of mixed Th1/Th2-type cytokine production with increases in interleukin (IL)-4, IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-gamma. Ex vivo IFN-gamma production by PECs from infected mice was increased at 3, 5 and 7 days post-infection, whereas at these times reduced ex vivo IL-10 production was observed. This ex vivo IFN-gamma response preceded an increasing IL-10 production by PECs between 3 and 7 days post-infection in parasite-specific and ConA-induced proliferation assays. Thus, infection with larval T. crassiceps results in an initial response mediated by IFN-gamma that is quickly followed by an increase in IL-10 production and subsequent reduction in the amount of IFN-gamma being produced.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis: immune response in susceptible and resistant BALB/c mouse substrains.

Taenia crassiceps can naturally and experimentally infect rodents in which they reproduce by budding. Differences in the susceptibility to T. crassiceps cysticercosis were found between two BALB/c substrains: BALB/cAnN (susceptible) and BALB/cJ (resistant). In chimeric mice, resistance was transferred to susceptible mice with bone marrow cells from the resistant mice, which argues in favor of an immune mediation of the resistant phenotype. To further explore the immune response that could underlie these differences in susceptibility, the specific cellular immune response elicited by the parasite was explored in both substrains. An increased proliferative response and IL-2 levels were induced by cysticercal antigens only in splenocytes from resistant mice. A decrease in the percentage of CD4(+) (11.1%), CD8(+) (17.5%) was found in splenocytes from susceptible BALB/cAnN mice. A study of the TCRV beta repertoire revealed a significant decrease in V beta 2 in both CD4(+) and CD8(+) splenocytes only in the susceptible BALB/cAnN strain.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Sewage sludge or cattle slurry as pasture fertilisers: comparative cysticercosis and trichostrongylosis risk for grazing cattle.

Sewage sludge and slurry are used as fertilisers on pastures grazed by ruminants. The former may be a source of Taenia saginata, which causes cysticercosis in cattle and taeniosis in man. The latter is a source of digestive tract-strongyles, a major helminth infection in cattle. The interest of application on pastures of these two biowastes is environmental (optimal recycling of biowastes) and agronomic (fertilisation). The parasitic risk and the fertilisation value of such applications on pastures were evaluated during one grazing season. Liquid sewage sludge did induce higher herbage biomass, which corresponded to higher liveweight gains during the first 2 months of grazing, compared to slurry spread pastures and calves grazing them. The sludge group of calves did not acquire live cysticerci and thus the risk was nil under the conditions of the study (delay of 6 weeks between application and grazing). The slurry group of calves did become lightly infected with digestive-tract strongyles, mostly Ostertagia ostertagi. Under the conditions of this experiment, a 6-week delay between application and grazing strongly reduced the risk of infection: it renders compatible the agronomic use and requirements of public or animal health.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2006

Visual diagnosis of Taenia saginata cysticercosis during meat inspection: is it unequivocal?

A total of 267 cysts were collected from March to December 2004 from two main abattoirs in northern Germany. The cysts were classified by the usual organoleptic methods during meat inspection as Cysticercus bovis. The reported prevalence of cysticercosis in the abattoirs was 0.48 and 1.08%, respectively. The cysts were examined macroscopically for description of their morphology and constituents and classified as viable or degenerating (dead). The DNA was extracted from these cysts and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for evaluation of the detection methods used and to make certain that the cysts did indeed belong to C. bovis, as indicated at the slaughterhouses. Two sets of primers were used with different sensitivity levels. The first, HDP1, was able to detect 200 fg of Taenia saginata DNA and 100 pg of C. bovis DNA. The other primer set, HDP2, was able to detect 1 pg of T. saginata DNA and 1 ng of C. bovis DNA. No more than 52.4% of the samples tested positive for C. bovis in the PCR using both primers, while 20% of the viable cysts and 49.2% of the degenerating cysts tested negative with both primers.

Abattoirs↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of an antigen-ELISA in the diagnosis of bovine cysticercosis in Kenyan cattle.

A monoclonal antibody-based antigen-ELISA (Ag-ELISA) was studied in Kenyan cattle with the objective of evaluating its reliability in diagnosing bovine cysticercosis. A total of 55 cattle divided into artificially (n = 30) and naturally (n = 25) infested animals, were utilized. Total dissection was used as a gold standard of validity at autopsy. In natural infestations, the assay identified 16 cases as true seropositives, 2 cases as false seropositives, 3 cases as true seronegatives and 4 cases as false seronegatives. While in artificial infestations, the assay identified 9 cases as true seropositives, 14 cases as true seronegatives and 7 cases as false seronegatives. There weren't any false seropositive cases identified with artificial infestations. The assay showed good precision level and kappa level in quantifying the relative quality of the amount of agreement in natural (n = 25; k = 0.482; p > 0.05) and artificial (n = 24; k = 0.374; p > 0.05) infestations. The study showed that, besides other advantages, the Ag-ELISA with its sensitivity of 60.00-80.00%, specificity of 60.00-100%, predictive value of 88.89-100%, apparent prevalence of 37.50-72.00% and accuracy of 75.00-76.00% may be recommended for use in combination with other control measures, viz chemotherapy, post-mortem diagnosis and or vaccination.

Animals↗

PubMed1998

Specificity of isoelectric focusing-purified antigens in the diagnosis of human cysticercosis.

Specific antigens were isolated from the cystic fluid of larval Taenia solium by preparative isoelectric focusing (PIEF). A total of 20 fractions were produced by a rotating ampholine column with pI 3-10 ampholytes. The specificity of each fraction (F) was tested by double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using antisera from patients suffering from cysticercosis or one of six other parasitic diseases. F8-F15 cross-reacted strongly with sera from patients with hydatidosis. F9 and F10 also cross-reacted with the antisera against ascariasis and F15, with antisera against angiostrongylosis. However, F16 and F17 were highly specific as they yielded no cross-reaction with any of the heterologous antisera. PIEF is a good method for the production of specific antigens from larval T. solium because it is easy to perform and relatively inexpensive to run.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Experimental cysticercosis and the intrahepatic venous systems in Rattus norvegicus.

During the present investigation, alterations in the intrahepatic venous and portal systems in Rattus norvegicus infected with 250, 500, and 1000 Taenia taeniaeformis eggs were studied. The corrosion cast technique was employed, which provides an extrinsic opportunity for study of the three-dimensional orientation of the vascular architecture. Both of the venous trees were found to be affected, though the portal damage was more extensive. Maximal damage was inferred at 40 days post-infection, when the normal regularity of ramification was lost. Concisely, cysticercosis induced severe changes in the intrahepatic vascular systems, which were found to have gradually recovered at the later stages of infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Intraocular cysticercosis.

We observed and photographed intraocular cysticercosis in a 50-year-old woman. The subretinal cysticercus in the macular area produced a macular break during its passage from the subretinal space into the vitreous cavity. The parasite was removed by closed vitrectomy, but the macular break was left untreated because there was no vitreous traction to the macula. The patient ultimately developed a subretinal scar in the macular area, and visual acuity improved from hand movements to counting fingers.

Cysticercosis↗

PubMed1989

Taenia crassiceps: experimental model of intraocular cysticercosis.

An experimental model of Taenia crassiceps intraocular cysticercosis was developed in rabbits. The objectives of this study were to analyze the pathophysiology of this parasitic infection and to evaluate the humoral immune response. Cysticerci, inoculated in the anterior chamber of the eye, were able to grow; no inflammatory changes in the eye or anticysticercus antibodies in serum or in aqueous humor were detected during the 12-day period. In contrast, rabbits that had previously been either infected intraperitoneally with living T. crassiceps cysts or immunized intramuscularly with T. crassiceps antigenic extract developed an intense inflammatory reaction in the eye and high levels of antibodies were detected in serum and aqueous humor even before the intraocular inoculation of parasites. Furthermore, intraocular cysticerci showed minimal growth and some were eliminated. These findings support the concept that the eye is an immunologically privileged site in the nonimmunized host and the importance of the immune response in the elimination of this parasitic infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

A monoclonal antibody-based ELISA for the detection of circulating excretory-secretory antigens in Taenia saginata cysticercosis.

A series of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) produced against excretory and secretory products from 10- and 20-week-old Taenia saginata cysticerci were tested for their ability to detect circulating antigen in a double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Two MoAb, 12G5 and 2H8, proved to be highly reactive with the tegument of viable T. saginata cysticerci and recognized antigenic components of 65, 87 and 100 kDa in immunoblotting. The detection limit of the assay using 12G5 as trapping antibody and 2H8 as a biotinylated indicator antibody was 0.1 ng protein per ml. Although the sensitivity of the test varied from one animal to another, the minimum number of living cysticerci, which could be detected by the ELISA, was 88. Animals harbouring only dead cysticerci gave similar reactions as non-infected control animals. Cross-reactions were only observed with taeniid parasites. The test was able to detect circulating antigen also in sheep and pigs, respectively infected with T. ovis and T. solium and in the serum samples of confirmed cases of human T. solium cysticercosis.

Animals↗