SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Developmental Disabilities”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Using pictures to assess reinforcers in individuals with developmental disabilities.

Tangible preference assessments were compared with pictorial preference assessments for 4 individuals with developmental disabilities. In the tangible assessment, on each trial two stimuli were selected and placed in front of the participant, who approached one. In the pictorial assessment, on each trial two line drawings were placed in front of the participant, who pointed to one. For both assessments, the percentage of opportunities each stimulus was approached or touched was calculated, and hierarchies of preferred items were developed. The two assessments yielded similar preference hierarchies for 3 of 4 participants. Reinforcer assessments using a simple free operant response confirmed that items identified as highly preferred on tangible and pictorial assessments functioned as reinforcers.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

A case management system for infants with chronic illnesses and developmental disabilities.

Continuity of care has been identified as a priority goal for infants with developmental disabilities or chronic illnesses who are faced with long-term or frequent hospitalizations. This goal was accomplished by Project Continuity, a family-centered intervention and care coordination system in which the family plays an integral role in the planning and implementation of the care plan. Procedures borrowed from diverse traditions including job analysis from industrial psychology and quality assurance from health care were used to describe, monitor, and assess the complex professional behaviors and outcomes of care coordination.

Child Health Services↗

PubMed1999

Longitudinal study of recruitment and retention in small community homes supporting persons with developmental disabilities.

Variables associated with turnover in 110 small Minnesota group homes supporting people with developmental disabilities between December 1993 and December 1996 were examined. Common staffing problems included recruiting qualified workers (reported by 57% of supervisors) and staff turnover (44%). Turnover for direct support professionals was 46%. Of workers who left, 45% left within 6 months of hire, and another 23%, between 6 and 12 months. A multiple regression analysis (with 11 variables) accounted for 34% of the variability in facility turnover rates. Variables contributing significantly to the prediction of higher turnover included greater support needs of residents, lower starting pay, less tenured supervisors, and fewer direct support professionals eligible for paid leave. Implications for practice, research, and policy were discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

An occupational therapy program for adults with developmental disabilities.

This paper describes an occupational therapy independent living skills programs for adults with developmental disabilities living in group homes. Four clients have participated in this program for 1 year. Verbal reports from house and workshop staffs and written documentation in the clients' records were examined to see if the clients' behaviors changed over the course of their first year in the program. These reports indicate that the clients have moved toward increased independence by showing greater initiative in directing their own care. Treatment issues in group home systems are also discussed.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Children and adolescents with developmental disabilities. The GP's role.

BACKGROUND: General practitioners play a central role in the health care for families of children with disabilities, but may feel inadequately trained or resourced for this role. OBJECTIVE: This article highlights the important issues arising for children and their families as the child grows--from birth through to adolescence and adulthood. It also provides some key resources for the GP, patient and their family during this transition. DISCUSSION: Families need GPs to provide primary and preventive health care, and referral to and coordination of other health care services. The families of children with disabilities are no different. They need their GP to provide care to all family members and to work as a part of a health care team for children with complex needs relating to developmental disabilities.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Training play behavior in a 5-year-old boy with developmental disabilities.

The purpose of the current study was twofold: (a) to investigate if it was possible to train three different games (both as a leader and as a participant) to a child with developmental disabilities through interaction with 4 typically developing peers, and (b) to examine if correct responding would be maintained after the training was faded. A multiple probe design across three games was used. The results showed that the child learned both skills as a leader and as a participant in all three games, and that skills were maintained for a period of 3 weeks after the training had stopped.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1978

The assessment of developmentally disabled children with the WISC-R, Binet and other tests.

Administered the WISC-R, Revised Stanford-Binet, Bender, VMI, and WRAT to 50 children referred for a multidisciplinary evaluation of developmental disabilities. The correlations among the various WISC-R measures (Standard Scores and IQs) and Binet IQ were significant, with relatively strong relationships among the Binet IQ and those WISC-R subtests that require concentration, short-term auditory memory, visual-motor integration, and the acquisition of new learning. Data showed that the Binet MA correlated as well or better with the other tests than did the various scores from the WISC-R.

Bender-Gestalt Test↗

PubMed1997

Beneficiary centered care in services to persons with developmental disabilities.

This article provides an overview of the findings from the Evaluation of Medicaid's Community Supported Living Arrangements (CSLA) Program. Results suggest that CSLA provided a useful model of beneficiary centered care for persons with developmental disabilities. The implications of the findings of this evaluation for current management of Medicaid programs are discussed.

Community Health Services↗

PubMed2000

Neurologic and developmental disability after extremely preterm birth. EPICure Study Group.

BACKGROUND AND METHODS: Small studies show that many children born as extremely preterm infants have neurologic and developmental disabilities. We evaluated all children who were born at 25 or fewer completed weeks of gestation in the United Kingdom and Ireland from March through December 1995 at the time when they reached a median age of 30 months. Each child underwent a formal assessment by an independent examiner. Development was evaluated with use of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and neurologic function was assessed by a standardized examination. Disability and severe disability were defined by predetermined criteria. RESULTS: At a median age of 30 months, corrected for gestational age, 283 (92 percent) of the 308 surviving children were formally assessed. The mean (+/-SD) scores on the Bayley Mental and Psychomotor Developmental Indexes, referenced to a population mean of 100, were 84+/-12 and 87+/-13, respectively. Fifty-three children (19 percent) had severely delayed development (with scores more than 3 SD below the mean), and a further 32 children (11 percent) had scores from 2 SD to 3 SD below the mean. Twenty-eight children (10 percent) had severe neuromotor disability, 7 (2 percent) were blind or perceived light only, and 8 (3 percent) had hearing loss that was uncorrectable or required aids. Overall, 138 children had disability (49 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 43 to 55 percent), including 64 who met the criteria for severe disability (23 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 18 to 28 percent). When data from 17 assessments by local pediatricians were included, 155 of the 314 infants discharged (49 percent) had no disability. CONCLUSIONS: Severe disability is common among children born as extremely preterm infants.

Cohort Studies↗

PubMed2002

Effects of risperidone on aberrant behavior in persons with developmental disabilities: II. Social validity measures.

Consumer satisfaction and social validity were measured during a double-blind, placebo-controlled evaluation of the atypical neuroleptic risperidone in treating severe aberrant behavior of persons with developmental disabilities. First, a satisfaction survey was completed after a medication trial by each participant's caregiver. Results showed that 100% of the caregivers felt that participation was a positive experience for themselves and participants. Second, 52 community members viewed videotapes of 5 participants during a clinical interview when they were taking either placebo or risperidone. Raters also indicated that when on the medication, participants displayed fewer aberrant behaviors, were less irritable, in a better mood, and were more responsive to their environment.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Community services, issues, and service gaps for individuals with developmental disabilities who exhibit inappropriate sexual behaviors.

Inappropriate sexual behaviors represent the most challenging behaviors for community service providers. A national survey of 243 community agencies was conducted to describe services provided for individuals with developmental disabilities who exhibit high-risk sexual behaviors and to identify issues and service gaps. The most common types of offenses were sexual behavior (a) in public situations, (b) that inappropriately involved others, and (c) involved minors. Community agencies used multifaceted approaches to serve these individuals. The major issues and problems were systemic, specifically staff issues and service gaps, followed by funding. Implications of this study are that increased knowledge and skills related to sexuality and inappropriate sexual behavior and mental health resources are needed to build community capacity to serve this population.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Visual function in children with developmental disabilities.

Vision involves a process of maturation that occurs in early childhood. Early recognition of visual disorders such as amblyopia is necessary to assure prompt treatment and optimize visual potential. This is especially important in children with developmental disabilities, in whom there is a high prevalence of such problems. Certainly, the type of ocular disorder varies according to the type of disability. But individual ophthalmic assessment is important, regardless of diagnosis, to identify treatable conditions that may improve or maximize visual function. In addition, ophthalmic examination may reveal distinctive anomalies in cases in which the etiology of disability has been difficult to establish. The present level of expertise and technology allows a comprehensive ophthalmic assessment to be performed, regardless of a child's level of impairment or ability to cooperate.

Child↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Frequency of agenesis of the corpus callosum in the developmentally disabled population as determined by computerized tomography.

Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is an infrequent congenital abnormality that has been diagnosed by necropsy, surgery, pneumoencephalography, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging. The reported prevalence has varied as a function of disability status of the population studied and diagnostic technique. This report found 33 cases of ACC in a consecutive series of 1,447 CTs of developmentally disabled individuals. The prevalence, 2.3%, is consistent with studies using other techniques. However, the significantly higher (p less than 0.01) rate from 1978 to 1979 suggests an initial tendency of neuroradiologists to over-diagnose ACC, and CT data from the 1970s may need to be reexamined.

Agenesis of Corpus Callosum↗

PubMed2026

Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower: Maintenance of Reading Outcomes for Young Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Following a Randomized Controlled Trial.

PURPOSE: This study examined whether the effects of Functional Reading Activities to Motivate and Empower (FRAME), a functional, strategy-based reading comprehension intervention for young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), were maintained 6 months following the completion of the intervention and explored participants' perceptions of the intervention's feasibility, relevance, and perceived impact. METHOD: Participants were 44 young adults with IDDs (ages 18-26 years) who participated in a previously reported randomized controlled trial (FRAME participants: n = 23; controls: n = 21). Trial outcomes were assessed via telepractice at pretest, posttest, and 6-month follow-up. Six-month maintenance analyses focused on outcomes that demonstrated significant posttest group differences: use of (a) reading comprehension strategies (proximal) and (b) reading comprehension questions (distal). Participant perceptions (social validity) were collected post-intervention from FRAME participants using a structured interview protocol with closed- and open-ended items. RESULTS: At the 6-month follow-up, FRAME participants demonstrated sustained but reduced improvements in strategy use relative to controls (p = .040). Between-groups differences were not maintained for reading comprehension questions (p = .091). Participants reported high acceptability and perceived relevance of FRAME, with qualitative themes reflecting perceived improvements in comprehension, self-improvement, and increased independence. CONCLUSION: Findings suggest that FRAME supports sustainable gains in reading comprehension strategy use and is perceived as meaningful and feasible for young adults with IDDs, although additional supports may be needed to promote sustained improvements in distal comprehension outcomes. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.33307218.

Humans↗

PubMed1993

Psychiatric care of adults with developmental disabilities and mental illness in the community.

Large numbers of people with co-occurring developmental disorders and mental illnesses now live in the community. Though not specifically trained to care for this population, community psychiatrists already have the necessary basic concepts and skills from working with adults with persistent mental illnesses. There are, however, some population-specific aspects of information collection, clinical assessment, diagnosis, treatment planning and application of treatment. This paper presents a practical approach to the community mental health care of people with developmental disabilities and mental disorders.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2006

Evaluation of a video-based error correction procedure for teaching a domestic skill to individuals with developmental disabilities.

We evaluated a video-based error correction procedure for teaching four adults with developmental disabilities to set a table. Video clips were initially used as an antecedent prompt. However, only one of the adults learned to set the table with this procedure. Consequently, the remaining three adults received intervention in which the video clips were also used as part of an error correction procedure. Specifically, if the participant did not complete the step correctly after an initial viewing of the video clip, they were prompted to watch the same video clip a second time and the trainer completed that step of the task if necessary. All three adults reached 100% correct on the task analysis when the error correction procedure was implemented. This error correction procedure may be useful for individuals who fail to learn with video prompting alone.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1988

Evidence for a high attack rate and efficacy of erythromycin prophylaxis in a pertussis outbreak in a facility for the developmentally disabled.

During an outbreak of pertussis in residents and staff of a facility for the developmentally disabled, 149 persons had laboratory evidence of Bordetella pertussis infection; 130 (87%) reported respiratory illness. Infection rates (IR) in affected wards ranged from 6% to 91%. Most residents were adolescents and adults and had received a full course of diphtheria-tetanus toxoids-pertussis (DTP) vaccine; IRs increased with increasing time after the last DTP dose in fully vaccinated residents. The IR was lower in residents on wards where erythromycin treatment/prophylaxis was started two or fewer weeks after the onset of illness in the first case on the ward (IR, 16%), compared with four or more weeks after onset (IR, 75%; P less than 10(-6)). Respiratory symptoms were milder in ill residents treated within seven days of onset of illness. Although B. pertussis transmission was substantial, erythromycin treatment of patients and prophylaxis of exposed persons was effective in decreasing transmission and disease severity. Carbamazepine toxicity occurred in seven (19%) of 37 residents when carbamazepine was administered with erythromycin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

An exploration of the influence of educational placement on the community recreation and leisure patterns of children with developmental disabilities.

This study explored the recreation and leisure patterns of children with moderate to severe developmental disabilities, 28 parents of children labeled "trainable mentally handicapped" were questioned about the type of sport, exercise, and social activities their children participated in as well as about the opportunities for social inclusion with nondisabled peers that these activities afforded their children. Analyses indicated that most of the children participated in segregated recreation and leisure activities. However, after adjusting for age, an analysis of covariance showed that children placed in more socially integrated educational settings participated in significantly more inclusive recreational activities than children who were served in segregated educational settings.

Child↗