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PubMed2005

[Results of application of a new operative procedure in treatment of patients with nonspecific complete extrasphincteric rectal fistula].

In 2003-2005 yrs in the division of proctology there were operated 52 patients for nonspecific complete extrasphincteric rectal fistula using an original method. There were analyzed immediate results of intervention of the method proposed and conventional procedure according to Ryzhikh (the closest analogue). It was established that application of a new operative method is highly effective, essentially influences the general results of treatment, promotes the lowering of the postoperative complications, recurrences and incontinence rate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Elective laparoscopic surgery for benign internal enteric fistulas: a review of 43 cases.

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic surgery has been applied to the management of various colorectal conditions, with shorter recovery periods than reported for open surgery. This study reviewed the feasibility and outcome of laparoscopic surgery for benign internal enteric fistulas. METHODS: All the patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for colovesical, colovaginal, enterovesical, and enterocolic fistulas caused by diverticulitis or Crohn's disease from 1995 to 2003 were identified from the prospective laparoscopic surgery database and retrospectively analyzed. Crohn's ileo-ileal fistulas were excluded from the study because these are generally resected more simply en bloc with the terminal ileum. RESULTS: This study enrolled 43 patients (23 men and 20 women) with median age of 43 years, a mean body mass index of 24.5, and in American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) distribution of 3/33/8/0 (class 1/2/3/4). The diagnosis was diverticular for 24 patients and Crohn's disease for 19 patients. The mean operative time was 163 +/- 80 min (155 in completed and 180 in converted cases), and the mean length of hospital stay was 5.2 +/- 4.7 days (3.9 in completed and 7.9 days in converted cases). A total of 14 patients (32.6%) required conversion for dense adhesions (n = 8), duodenal involvement (n = 3), multiple fistulae (n = 1), fecal leak (n = 1), and additional pathology (n = 1). Conversion rates, analyzed by fistula type, were duodenal (100%), vaginal (66.7%), sigmoid (27.7%), bladder (15.4%), enterocolic (0%), and colocolic (0%). There were six major complications (14%) including anastomotic leak (n = 3), abscesses (n = 2), and postoperative bleeding (n = 1). There were seven minor complications (16.3%) including postoperative ileus (n = 2), transient pleural effusion (n = 1), wound infection (n = 1), transient small bowel obstruction (n = 2), and brachial plexus neuralgia (n = 1). There was no significant difference in the complication (p = 0.57), reoperation (p = 0.3), or readmission (p = 0.4) rates between the completed and converted cases. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic surgery for benign internal enteric fistula offers the earlier recovery seen with other laparoscopic colorectal operations. Duodenal and vaginal involvement by the fistula is associated with a higher conversion rate. A low threshold toward early conversion is useful in these difficult cases to reduce delays in the operating room and the unnecessary use of hospital resources.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Relationship of the fistulas to the rectum and genitourinary tract in mouse fetuses with high anorectal malformations induced by all-trans retinoic acid.

Since high anorectal malformations with fistulae in human embryos and fetuses of successive developmental stages have not been reported, the embryologic relationship between the rectal fistula (RF) and the genitourinary tract (GUT) in high anorectal agenesis (ARA) remains to be elucidated. This study investigates the developmental relationship between the RF and the GUT in male and female fetuses with high ARA using our established model for high ARA with fistula in mice. Pregnant mice received all-trans retinoic acid suspended in corn oil (5 mg/ml) 100 mg/kg i.p. on day 9 of pregnancy. All fetuses were removed from the uterus on a single day from days 12 to 18 of pregnancy. The caudal regions were analyzed histologically with hematoxylin and eosin staining. All fetuses examined had high ARA with fistula. On day 12 of pregnancy, an anomalous communication was seen between the urogenital sinus (UGS) and the rectum. In the affected female fetuses, on day 14 of pregnancy the paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts and müllerian tubercle were located above the rectocloacal fistula (RCF), and on day 18 of pregnancy the uterovaginal canal was located between the cloaca and the RCF. In the male fetuses, on day 14 of pregnancy the junction between the mesonephric (wolffian) duct and the UGS was located away from the junction between the rectum and the UGS. On day 18 of pregnancy the ejaculatory duct was located between the urinary bladder and the rectourethral fistula. The results of our experiment clearly show the embryologic relationship between the RF and the GUT with high ARA. The anomalous communication between the UGS and the rectum may interfere with normal caudal migration along the dorsal wall of the UGS at the junction between the UGS and the mesonephric or paramesonephric duct.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed2003

The posterior sagittal trans-sphincteric and trans-rectal approaches.

BACKGROUND: The posterior sagittal, transphincteric approach to treat different pelvic problems has been known since the last century. Although some surgeons have embraced it and have enthusiastically advocated it's use, it has never become an overly popular technique. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the approach, both from a historical perspective and from the authors' experience. METHODS: The international literature on the subject was reviewed since 1877 up to the present date. A retrospective evaluation of the authors' experience was conducted. Specific attention was paid to the final result obtained in the treatment of the original condition, surgical complications and the effect of the surgical approach. on bowel and urinary control. RESULTS: The review included 114 patients divided into two groups. Group A included 85 patients who underwent a posterior sagittal trans-sphincteric approach. Group B included 29 patients who underwent a posterior sagittal transanorectal approach, in which the anterior wall of the rectum and the sphincter were divided. Postoperative bowel control was normal in all patients except in those whose basic condition had resulted in fecal incontinence, or who had sustained an irreversible injury prior to the operation. Urinary control was normal except in cases with pre-operative incontinence. Complications included recurrence of rectogenito-urinary fistulae in 3 cases, rectocutaneous fistula in 3 patients with Hirschsprung's disease, and 2 partial wound dehisences. CONCLUSIONS: The posterior sagittal trans-sphincteric approach represents a useful technical alternative. It seems to be particularly useful to treat complications after surgery for Hirschsprung's disease, presacral masses, acquired rectogenito-urinary fistulae and idiopathic rectal prolapse. The transanorectal approach provides excellent exposure to the posterior urethra and vagina. Bowel and urinary control are not compromised.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Infliximab maintenance treatment reduces hospitalizations, surgeries, and procedures in fistulizing Crohn's disease.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Infliximab is effective in closing fistulas in patients with Crohn's disease. We examined the effect of infliximab maintenance treatment on hospitalizations, surgeries, and procedures in patients with fistulizing Crohn's disease enrolled in the ACCENT II study. METHODS: After 5 mg/kg infliximab at weeks 0, 2, and 6, a total of 282 patients were separately randomized at week 14 as responders (at least a 50% reduction from baseline in the number of draining fistulas at both weeks 10 and 14) or nonresponders to receive placebo or 5 mg/kg infliximab maintenance every 8 weeks. At week 22 and later, patients who lost response could be treated with a maintenance dose 5 mg/kg higher. Data on Crohn's disease-related hospitalizations, surgeries, and procedures were compared between the treatment groups for responders and all randomized patients. RESULTS: A total of 282 patients were randomized at week 14, of whom 195 were randomized as responders. Among patients randomized as responders, those who received infliximab maintenance had significantly fewer mean hospitalization days (0.5 vs. 2.5 days; P < .05), mean numbers (per 100 patients) of hospitalizations (11 vs. 31; P < .05), all surgeries and procedures (65 vs. 126; P < .05), inpatient surgeries and procedures (7 vs. 41; P < .01), and major surgeries (2 vs. 11; P < .05), compared with those who received placebo maintenance. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with fistulizing Crohn's disease, infliximab 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks significantly reduced hospitalizations, surgeries, and procedures compared with placebo.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Rectal cancer in anorectal malformation with rectovestibular fistula: sphincter-restoring surgery by anterior resection and dynamic vaginoanograciloplasty.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe and discuss the anosphincter-restoring procedure adopted in an adult patient with rectal cancer, affected by anorectal atresia and rectovestibular fistula not previously treated. METHODS: After anterior resection and transverse dissection of the rectovaginal septum, a straight double-staple low colorectal anastomosis was performed. A subcutaneous tunnel was extended from the inter-rectovaginal space, surrounding the pseudoanal orifice. The tunnel housed a left gracilis muscle arranged counter-clockwise and connected to an implanted stimulator. The vaginal and anorectal flaps were sutured longitudinally, thereby spacing out the two orifices and creating an anorectal angle. A temporary loop right colostomy was performed. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful. After continuous electrostimulation training and colostomy takedown, the patient had improved continence (stimulator on) and normal defecation (stimulator off). CONCLUSIONS: The solution described seemed a suitable alternative to a pull-through procedure, which would have involved a colocutaneous anastomosis and the loss of the anorectal sensory function. Any previous anal transposition or pull-through procedures would have prevented the saving of the pre-existing "anus," because of the interruption of the residual mesenteric vascular supply to the anorectal remnant secondary to mesorectal excision.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Reconstruction of rectovaginal fistula with sphincter disruption by combining rectal mucosal advancement flap and anal sphincteroplasty.

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of combining advancement flap with sphincteroplasty in patients symptomatic with rectovaginal fistula and anal sphincter disruption. METHODS: Twenty patients with rectovaginal fistulas and anal sphincter disruptions after vaginal deliveries underwent combined rectal mucosal advancement flap and anal sphincteroplasty between July 1986 and July 1993. The mean age of the patients was 30 (range, 18-40) years and the mean duration of symptoms was 54.8 weeks (range, 7 weeks to 6 years). In addition to mucosal advancement flap repair, 13 patients underwent two-layer repair of anal sphincters (with reapproximation of the puborectalis in 8 of the patients); 6 patients underwent one-layer overlap repair of anal sphincters (with reapproximation of the puborectalis in 2 of the patients); and 1 patient underwent reapproximation of internal anal sphincter alone because squeeze pressures were adequate, as determined by anal manometry. RESULTS: Postoperatively, vaginal discharge of stool and flatus was eliminated entirely in all 20 patients. Perfect anal continence of stool and flatus was restored in 14 patients (70 percent). Incontinence was improved but not eliminated in six patients (4 incontinent to liquid stool and 2 to flatus), and two patients required perineal pads. Subjectively, 19 patients (95 percent) reported the result as excellent or good. There were no complications. CONCLUSION: The combination of mucosal advancement flap and anal sphincteroplasty is a safe and highly effective procedure for correcting rectovaginal fistula with sphincter disruption after obstetrical injuries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Our experience with the treatment of high perianal fistulas with the mucosal flap advancement technique].

The authors present their experience with the treatment of high transphincteric anal fistulas with the mucosal flap advancement technique. This technique, though by no means easy to perform, allows fistulas to be treated in a single surgical session in comparison to the technique in which setone is used or to the less well known transposition techniques, given the same long-term results in terms of continence and recurrence rate. After a brief overview of the problem, from the points of view of both aetiopathogenesis and classification, the principal surgical treatment techniques are described, presenting the results and complications observed in the authors' own case series.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two-staged hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy and interventional pancreaticojejunostomy.

Two-staged pancreatoduodenectomy, including exteriorization of the pancreatic juice and second-look pancreaticojejunostomy, has been recommended for high-risk patients to avoid pancreatic leakage, which often causes intra-abdominal hemorrhage. We present a new technique of interventional pancreaticojejunostomy under both fluoroscopy and endoscopy without second-look laparotomy. A 77-year-old woman with local recurrence and liver metastasis from colon cancer underwent hepato-pancreatoduodenectomy with the external drainage of pancreatic juice via the pancreatic duct tube without pancreaticojejunostomy. Two months later, the jejunum was punctured with the insertion of a 5-F needle-knife into the pancreatic fistula during endoscopic observation of jejunal lumen, followed by the insertion of two 0.35-inch guidewires into the jejunum and the pancreatic fistula. Finally, a 10-Fr stenting tube was placed between the jejunum and the pancreatic fistula. No complications developed.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

[Malformations associated with esophageal atresia].

Associated malformations present in 277 newborn patients operated during the last sixteen years for esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula are described. Incidence on concomitant anomalies of each organ system is compared to that published by various authors during this period of time. Mortality, as related to each organ system and to the patient classification according to Waterston risk-groups, is studied during two different periods (1965-1975 and 1976-1981) considering in the second one a significant improvement of pre and postoperative care.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy for benign pancreatic pathology.

Benign lesions of the neck and proximal body of the pancreas pose an interesting surgical challenge. If the lesions are not amenable to simple enucleation, surgeons may be faced with the choice of performing a right-sided resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy) or a left-sided resection (distal pancreatectomy) to include the lesion, resulting in resection of a substantial amount of normal pancreatic parenchyma. Central pancreatic resection has been reported with Roux-en-Y pancreaticojejunostomy reconstruction; however, this interrupts small bowel continuity and obligates an additional anastomosis. We have reviewed our experience with central pancreatectomy with pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) for benign central pancreatic pathology. Between January 1999 and December 2002, 14 central pancreatectomies were performed with PG reconstruction. There were 7 women and 7 men with a mean age of 60.9 years. Five resections were performed for islet cell tumors, three were performed for noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms, two were performed for serous cystadenoma, and one each was performed for a simple cyst, pseudocyst, mucinous metaplasia, and focal chronic pancreatitis. Seven out of 14 patients experienced a total of 10 complications. Pancreatic fistulae manifested by drainage of amylase-rich fluid from the operatively placed drains developed in 5 patients (36%). Reoperation or interventional radiologic procedures were not required in any patient with a fistula. Postoperative follow-up demonstrated 13 out of 14 patients to be alive and well without evidence of pancreatic insufficiency. One patient died at home on postoperative day 57 of cardiac pathology. Central pancreatectomy with PG is a safe and effective procedure that allows for preservation of pancreatic endocrine and exocrine function without disruption of enteric continuity. The complication of pancreatic fistula was managed conservatively via maintenance of operatively placed drains.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Fistula involving portal vein and duodenum at the site of a duodenal ulcer in a patient after previous extrahepatic bile duct resection and brachytherapy.

Fistulas involving the portal venous system and gastrointestinal (GI) tract are rare. However, they can cause life-threatening GI hemorrhage. A case of a fistula between the main portal vein and the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb at the site of a duodenal ulcer in a patient who had previously undergone an extrahepatic bile duct resection and brachytherapy for mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is reported. Consideration should be given to this entity in the differential diagnosis of GI hemorrhage in patients with a history of previous major biliary surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Hirschsprung's disease, a rare precipitating factor in neonatal perforated Meckel's diverticulum.

Perforation of Meckel's diverticulum (MD) during the neonatal period may occur in the presence of distal colon obstruction. Herein, we describe a unique case of a 2-day-old infant that presented with pneumoperitoneum, in which a perforated MD was induced by distal intestinal obstruction secondary to total colonic aganglionosis. In the setting of neonatal perforated MD found intraoperatively, the determination of the possible precipitating etiology is necessary. The clinical history of delayed passage of meconium is emphasized, and either a rectal or colon biopsy is recommended intraoperatively to avoid overlooking the associated presence of Hirschsprung's disease.

Colostomy↗
PubMed2006

[Mucinous adenocarcinoma on chronic perianal fistula treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and laparoscopy-assisted abdominoperineal amputation].

We present a male patient with a perianal fistula of 30 years' duration that had been treated on several occasions. The patient presented with mucoid anal adenocarcinoma. He was treated with preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5-FU and leucovorin) and external radiation therapy plus laparoscopy-assisted abdominoperineal amputation. Mucoid adenocarcinoma on chronic perianal fistula is an infrequent process. Late diagnosis is associated with a poor prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗