SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Drinking Behavior”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMed1982

Effects of clonidine and guanfacine on drinking and ambulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Present experiment was undertaken to compare the effects of clonidine and guanfacine on water drinking behavior and ambulatory activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Equipotent hypotensive doses of clonidine and guanfacine, 150 micrograms/kg and 1500 micrograms/kg, respectively, given twice a day at 8:00 and 20:00, produced a triphasic pattern of behavioral changes; initial increase in water drinking and ambulation during the light period, decrease in water intake and ambulation at the beginning of the dark period, and a second increase in water drinking and ambulation at the end of the dark period. Guanfacine treated SHR showed less change in water drinking behavior and ambulation than the clonidine treated SHR.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Social skills, expectancies, and drinking in adolescents.

Research in the field of teenage drinking behavior has shown relationships between both social skills and drinking and alcohol expectancies and drinking. The present research investigated the comparative power of both of these sets of variables in predicting teenage drinking behavior, as well as looking at the contribution of more global cognitive structures. It was hypothesised that adolescents with high alcohol involvement would be discriminated from those with low involvement on the basis of social skills, cognitive structures, and alcohol expectancies. Seven hundred thirty-two adolescents participated in the study. Results indicated that adolescent alcohol involvement was associated with social skills deficits, positive alcohol expectancies, and negative cognitive structures concerning parents and teachers. The results revealed that, although the bulk of the variance in drinking behavior was explained by the independent effects of social skills and expectancies, the interaction of the two constructs explained an additional and significant proportion of the variance. Implications for preventive and treatment programs are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Water intake and activity of hypothalamoneurohypophysial system during osmotic and sodium stimulation in rats.

Intrajugular infusion (200 microliters/min for 10 min) of 0.85 M NaCl or 1.7 M mannitol in conscious adult male Sprague-Dawley rats increased plasma osmolality similarly and had an additive effect when combined. Plasma Na+ concentration, however, increased with infusion of 0.85 M NaCl, decreased with 1.7 M mannitol, and was not significantly altered by the combined solution. Irrespective of changes in plasma Na+ concentration, plasma vasopressin and oxytocin concentrations were elevated to a similar degree after independent infusion of 0.85 M NaCl or 1.7 M mannitol. With the combined infusion, the change in plasma vasopressin was additive but the change in oxytocin tended to be greater. Accordingly, glucose utilization increased throughout the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system after infusion of 0.85 M NaCl and 1.7 M mannitol. With the combined infusion, however, the change in glucose utilization in the paraventricular nucleus was additive but a synergistic effect occurred in the supraoptic nucleus and neural lobe. Drinking responses were similar in all groups receiving hypertonic solutions, with no additive effect after the combined stimulus. Although our results do not completely rule out the participation of cerebrospinal fluid sodium receptors, it is more likely that osmoreceptors regulate the activity of the hypothalamoneurohypophysial system and drinking behavior. Unlike the magnocellular system, however, drinking behavior seems to be negatively influenced by a stress component of the osmotic stimulation.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Influence of age at drinking onset on long-term ethanol self-administration with deprivation and stress phases.

BACKGROUND: Onset of alcohol use during adolescence has potentially long-lasting consequences, e.g., prospective alcohol dependence. To obtain new insight into the effects of early chronic ethanol consumption, we compared the drinking behavior of two adult male Wistar rat groups: one that initiated alcohol consumption during adolescence (adolescent group) and the other that initiated their drinking during adulthood (adult group) in a model of long-term alcohol self-administration. We investigated the magnitude of the effects of deprivation and stress on alcohol intake and the influence of these events on the alcohol drinking behavior across time. METHODS: Heterogeneous Wistar rats aged 31 days (adolescents) and 71 days (adults) were given ad libitum access to water, as well as 5% and 20% ethanol solutions during an observation period of 30 wk. A deprivation phase of 14 days was instituted after eight wk of access to alcohol. After 16 and 26 wk of alcohol access, all animals were subjected for three consecutive days to forced swimming and electric foot shocks, respectively. RESULTS: At the onset of drinking, adolescent animals consumed less alcohol and showed lower preference than adults. The deprivation phase was followed by increased intake of highly concentrated ethanol solution without appreciable differences between age groups. Repeated swim stress produced a slight increase in ethanol consumption in both animal groups; however, alcohol intake was not significantly different between groups, whereas the foot shock stress-induced increase in alcohol intake was significantly higher in the animal group that initiated alcohol consumption during adolescence. After swim stress, the drinking behavior of the adolescent group resembled that of the adult group. In particular, the adolescent group increased their preference for 20% ethanol solution for the remainder of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Age of voluntary alcohol drinking onset does not appear to be a strong predictor for prospective alcohol intake and relapse-like drinking behavior under the present experimental conditions. However, male Wistar rats that initiated alcohol consumption during adolescence seem to be more susceptible to acute stressor-specific effects in terms of alcohol consumption.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2001

Acute hypertension inhibits thirst stimulated by ANG II, hyperosmolality, or hypovolemia in rats.

The present study sought to determine whether increases in arterial blood pressure inhibited drinking behavior evoked by ANG II, hyperosmolality, or hypovolemia in rats. Cumulative water intakes in 60- or 90-min tests and latency to the first lick were recorded as indexes of thirst. During intravenous infusions of 100 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) ANG II, attenuation of the induced increases in arterial pressure with the arteriolar vasodilator diazoxide resulted in greater water intakes and shorter latencies to drink. Drinking behavior stimulated by intravenous infusion of hypertonic saline was significantly inhibited by increases in arterial pressure caused by intravenous infusion of phenylephrine or endothelin-1, and this inhibition of drinking was proportional to the induced increase in pressure. Upon termination of the phenylephrine infusion, mean arterial pressure returned to basal values, and drinking was restored. Phenylephrine-induced increases in arterial pressure also inhibited drinking behavior in response to hypovolemia that could not be explained by differences in plasma renin activity, plasma protein concentration, or plasma osmolality. Thus increases in arterial pressure inhibit water drinking behavior in response to each of these three thirst stimuli in rats.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2001

Drinking to cope, emotional distress and alcohol use and abuse: a ten-year model.

OBJECTIVE: This study examines the ability of baseline drinking to cope to predict drinking behavior across an ensuing 10-year period. In addition, it examines whether a propensity to consume alcohol to cope with stressors strengthens the link between emotional distress and drinking behavior. METHOD: The study uses survey data from a baseline sample of 421 adults (54% women) assessed four times over a 10-year period (i.e., baseline and 1-, 4- and 10-year follow-ups). RESULTS: Baseline drinking to cope was associated with more alcohol consumption and drinking problems at all four observations across the 10-year interval. Baseline drinking to cope also predicted increases in both alcohol consumption and drinking problems in the following year. Moreover, change in drinking to cope was positively linked to changes in both alcohol consumption and drinking problems over the interval. Individuals who had a stronger propensity to drink to cope at baseline showed a stronger link between both anxiety and depressive symptoms and drinking outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Findings demonstrate the power of alcohol-related coping strategies in predicting long-term drinking behavior and they illustrate one way in which such coping is linked to alcohol use and abuse. More broadly, they underscore the importance of considering individual differences in emotion-based theories of drinking behavior.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2003

Expectancy influences the operation of personality on behavior.

The authors investigated the moderating effect of expectancies on personality for 2 different addictive behavior processes: (a) drinking and (b) binge eating and purging characteristic of bulimia nervosa. Study 1 found that positive expectancies for social facilitation from drinking moderated the effect of extraversion on drinking behavior among undergraduate men and women. Study 2 found that the expectancy that eating will help manage negative affect moderated the effect of trait urgency on bulimic symptoms among undergraduate women. Thus, the relationships of the trait risk factors to these 2 addictive behaviors are stronger if one also holds certain expectancies for reinforcement from those behaviors.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Generalized expectancies for negative mood regulation and problem drinking among college students.

OBJECTIVE: Motivational models of alcohol use often invoke constructs derived from social-learning theory, including coping styles, drinking motives and affective distress. To date, no study has assessed the potential role of negative mood regulation (NMR) expectancies (the extent to which one holds positive expectations of one's ability to cope with negative affect) in promoting problematic drinking behavior. This study evaluated the relationship between NMR expectancies and problem-related drinking while controlling for the influence of alcohol consumption, coping behaviors, drinking motives, demographic variables and affective distress. METHOD: Participants (N = 136, 80% female) were college undergraduates who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires on two occasions that were separated by 8 weeks. RESULTS: Initial correlational analyses indicated a strong (negative) association between NMR expectancies and problem drinking behavior. Findings from separate hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated that NMR expectancies add significantly to the variance in predicting problem drinking, even when accounting for age and gender, alcohol consumption and, in respective analyses, coping styles, affective distress and drinking motives. Finally, simultaneous regression analyses showed that when all variables were considered together, only NMR expectancies, alcohol consumption and drinking-to-cope emerged as significant predictors of problem drinking. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight the potential importance of NMR expectancies as a risk factor for problem drinking, above and beyond the risk posed by traditionally studied variables (e.g., depression and anxiety, coping repertoire and drinking motives). Results are interpreted within a self-regulation framework of alcohol consumption.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Addictive behavior of older adults.

Very little is known about addictive alcohol use by older people. In the present paper personal effects reasons for drinking (i.e. drinking for the effects of alcohol) and concerns about drinking were used as indicators of addictive drinking behavior among a sample of 826 people aged 65 and older who participated in survey interviews in their homes. The relationship of addictive drinking behavior to frequency of drinking, quantity of drinks per occasion, and depressant drug use was examined. Alcohol use was higher among males and young-old (aged 65-74), while depressant medication use was higher among females and old-old (aged 75+). However, with the exception of use of over-the-counter medications containing codeine (which was significantly higher among current drinkers), no relationship existed between alcohol use and use of depressant medications. Personal effects reasons for drinking and concerns about drinking were related both to alcohol and depressant medication use. Frequency of drinking was associated with higher endorsement of both personal effects and social reasons, whereas volume of alcohol consumption (drinks per drinking day) was associated only with personal effects drinking. In addition, use of depressant medications by drinkers was significantly related to consuming alcohol for personal effects reasons (but unrelated to consuming for social reasons) and with having concerns about one's own drinking. These results suggest that even within the generally low levels of alcohol consumption of older people, addictive-use patterns emerge. In addition, the results confirm the importance of including depressant medication use in evaluating the drinking behavior of older people.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Role of prostaglandins in the behavioral changes induced by murine interleukin 1 alpha in the rat.

Continuous infusion of murine recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) produces weight loss, appetite suppression, reduction in horizontal locomotor activity (crossovers) and vertical locomotor activity (rears), and an increase in drinking behavior in the rat. The role of prostaglandins (PG) in the elicitation of these effects was studied. Infusion of rIL-1 alpha produced a transient increase in serum (PGs) which peaked at 24 to 48 h. This increase was completely inhibited by piroxicam. However, inhibition of circulating PG by piroxicam did not block the reductions in appetite, crossover, and rears induced by rIL-1 alpha; it restored normal drinking behavior and only partially restored body weight. Continuous intraperitoneal infusion of PGE2 at 24 micrograms/day exposed the animals to serum levels of PGE2 comparable to those produced by infusion with rIL-1 alpha. Yet, at the point of maximum weight loss induced by rIL-1 alpha (72 h), PGE2 infusion resulted in only a quarter of the weight loss. Compared with rIL-1 alpha, continuously infused PGE2 produced significantly smaller reductions in appetite, crossovers, and rears, and had no effect on drinking behavior. From these observations, we conclude that the rIL-1 alpha-induced increase in drinking behavior was fully dependent on products of the cyclooxygenase pathway, but not necessarily PGE2. However, because of the failure of piroxicam to fully reverse rIL-1 alpha effects on eating, mobility, and weight loss, there must also be a significant PG-independent component to account for the full range of rIL-1 alpha effects.

Animals↗

PubMed1993

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) polymorphism in AA and ANA rats: lack of genotype and phenotype line differences.

Polymorphism of the gene coding for mitochondrial ALDH2 in humans is known to be associated with differences in alcohol drinking behavior. Recently, two different alleles of the ALDH2 gene, ALDH2R and ALDH2Q, have been found in rats also and a possible relationship between the frequencies of the two alleles and drinking behavior has been proposed. In this study, we examined whether this polymorphism of ALDH2 was the underlying cause for the previously reported acetaldehyde accumulation in the alcohol-avoiding ANA rat line and, thus, could be one of the factors explaining the differences in alcohol drinking behavior between the ANA and the alcohol-preferring AA rat lines. The experimental animals were genotyped and their mitochondrial ALDH activities and blood acetaldehyde concentrations after ethanol injection were measured. The two lines did not differ in their frequencies of ALDH2R and ALDH2Q alleles. Thus, the polymorphism in the ALDH2 gene does not explain the acetaldehyde accumulation in ANA rats and it does not seem to be associated with differences in the alcohol drinking behavior in these rat lines.

Acetaldehyde↗

PubMed1990

Heavy drinking and its correlates in young men.

This study examined the drinking behavior of a sample of 98 college men and the relationship to drinking of a variety of subject variables. The subjects reported drinking an average of nearly eight days a month, about five drinks each time, and were intoxicated more than three times monthly. Nearly half reported having experienced two or more drinking-related adverse consequences within the past year and over a third were intoxicated four or more times monthly. Forty percent of the subjects could be described as problem drinkers. Illicit drug use and the disinhibition factor of the sensation seeking scale were the most consistent correlates of drinking behavior and its adverse consequences, although belonging to a fraternity, consuming alcohol/drugs before age 15, the Macandrew Alcoholism Scale score, and a family member having received alcoholism treatment were also found to be consistently associated with drinking in the subjects. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical health, mental health treatment, childhood behavior problems, adolescent antisocial behavior, and familial alcoholism were by and large not found to be related to drinking behavior. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that five variables accounted for 51% of the total variance in drinking behavior. The significant predictors included a heavy drug use factor, a smoking factor, fraternity membership, drug/alcohol use before age 15, and having a family member who had received alcoholism treatment. Thus, four of the five significant predictor variables were reflective of drug use in the subject or his family. The findings underline the need for further prospective longitudinal research to understand the origins of problem drinking and its relationship to alcoholism.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Alcohol dependence: a biobehavioral perspective.

The behaviorally based constructs of DSM-III have differentiated alcohol abuse and dependence, wherein the latter has been characterized by: a history of tolerance and physical dependence; and a history of pathological drinking patterns and/or problems consequent to drinking behavior (APA-DSM III 1980). In contrast, ICD-9 refers to an alcohol dependence syndrome which follows the model proposed by Edwards and Gross in 1976. The WHO memorandum on nomenclature and classification of drug and alcohol related problems has further proposed that alcohol dependence be defined along a continuum of severity, and that dependence be differentiated from severity of alcohol related disabilities (Edwards et al. 1981). In many respects, the alcohol dependence syndrome construct is consistent with Jellinek's disease concept of alcoholism which had its antecedents in medical writings of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries (Lender 1979). Commencing in the early 1960's, many behavioral and social scientists were critical of the disease model of alcoholism. Behavioral researchers found that the drinking behavior of alcoholic subjects could be controlled by its consequences in the laboratory, suggesting that drinking behavior was like any operant. Longitudinal studies of drinking practices suggested that relapse to dependent drinking did not appear to be inevitable. In general, these researchers have utilized behavioral and epidemiological data to prove the null hypothesis: that there was no biological disease behind alcohol addiction. In contrast to the operant studies which served to rebut the disease construct, Ludwig and associates employed a model of Pavlovian conditioning which suggested a relationship between an alcoholic's desire to drink and an increase in autonomic arousal associated with the presence of alcohol (Ludwig et al. 1977).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1991

Alcohol use and attitudes: a comparison of college athletes and nonathletes.

The purpose of this study was to compare patterns of use and attitudes toward alcohol by college athletes and nonathletes. One hundred forty-six college students from colleges in the Jackson, Mississippi area were compared on athletic participation, sex, and race as these variables affected alcohol use and attitudes toward use. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire administered by the investigators. Chi squares and t-tests for differences between means were utilized to assess differences among subgroups on dependent variables. Analysis of data indicated that minimal differences existed in drinking behaviors of athletes and nonathletes. Athletic participation exerted a slight influence upon the drink of choice and patterns of drinking. Some significant racial and gender-related differences were found in drinking behaviors. The more negative attitudes of athletes toward alcohol consumption did not result in drinking behaviors distinct from nonathletes.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor captopril suppresses a genetic polydipsic behavior.

The STR/N inbred mouse is a behavioral mutant that drinks up to four times its body weight in water or normal saline per day when given free access, despite the lack of physiological need. Since angiotensin II (AII) is a powerful elicitor of drinking behavior, we investigated the influence of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril, on the amount of water consumed by the STR/N mouse. Oral administration of captopril, which inhibits formation of AII (active octapeptide) from AI (precursor decapeptide), resulted in a reduction of 46 to 79% in water consumption of 53 polydipsic STR/N mice, and a 20-42% increase in water consumption of 12 of 13 Swiss/Webster (S/W) normodipsic control mice. These results suggest that the polydipsic behavior of the STR/N mutant may involve mediation by AII and/or another molecule which is also suppressed by captopril, such as another peptide, which, for activation, requires cleavage by a peptidase which is inhibited by captopril.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

The effectiveness of selected risk factors in mediating gender differences in drinking and it problems.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender differences in adolescents' alcohol use, adverse consequences of alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and the effectiveness of selected risk factors in mediating gender differences. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Data were collected from a sample of high school students (n=919) in one midwestern community. Four criteria for examining potential mediated relationships were addressed. RESULTS: Expected differences in relation to males' higher levels of frequent and heavy drinking, adverse consequences of AOD use and risk factors were found. All risk factors were significantly related to adverse consequences, but alienation was not related to drinking behavior. In a one-way ANOVA, the main effects of gender were significant for both drinking behavior and adverse consequences of AOD use. In a two-way ANOVA, the main effects of a risk factor index reduced the main effects of gender substantially. CONCLUSIONS: Controlling risk factor levels mediates gender differences in the outcomes, drinking behavior and adverse consequences of AOD use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

Development and validation of a behavioral observation measure for the syndrome of psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia.

A behavioral observation scale (Virginia Polydipsia Scale; VPS) for monitoring drinking patterns was developed and its reliability tested during 25 hours of tandem ratings among six patients with the syndrome of psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIPS). These ratings were compared to those collected from a control group of six psychiatric inpatients who were similarly observed for 25 hours. The scale was subsequently used to assess day-long drinking in a single PIPS patient. Results demonstrated that the VPS can be reliably administered by trained raters and that it clearly differentiates the drinking patterns of PIPS patients from controls. In addition, our findings highlight associations among drinking behaviors, psychiatric functioning and low serum sodium concentration. On balance, these results support using observational measures of drinking behaviors in future studies of PIPS patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Screening for problem drinking: impact on physician behavior and patient drinking habits.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of a screen for problem drinking on medical residents and their patients. DESIGN: Descriptive cohort study. SETTING: Veterans Affairs Medical Clinic. PATIENTS: Patients were screened 2 weeks before a scheduled visit (n = 714). Physicians were informed if their patients scored positive. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Physician discussion of alcohol use was documented through patient interview and chart review. Self-reported alcohol consumption was recorded. Of 236 current drinkers, 28% were positive for problem drinking by the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Of 58 positive patients contacted at 1 month, 78% recalled a discussion about alcohol use, 58% were advised to decrease drinking, and 9% were referred for treatment. In 57 positive patient charts, alcohol use was noted in 33 (58%), and a recommendation in 14 (25%). Newly identified patients had fewer notations than patients with prior alcohol problems. Overall, 6-month alcohol consumption decreased in both AUDIT-positive and AUDIT-negative patients. The proportion of positive patients who consumed more than 16 drinks per week (problem drinking) decreased from 58% to 49%. Problem drinking at 6 months was independent of physician discussion or chart notation. CONCLUSIONS: Resident physicians discussed alcohol use in a majority of patients who screened positive for alcohol problems but less often offered specific advice or treatment. Furthermore, residents were less likely to note concerns about alcohol use in charts of patients newly identified. Finally, a screen for alcohol abuse may influence patient consumption.

Alcohol Drinking↗