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PubMed1979

[Comparative study of dehydrogenase and diaphorase activity in spinal ganglion neurons in vivo and during their cultivation in vitro].

Enzymatic activity was investigated in spinal ganglia of 10-day-old chick embryo and in 10-day-old cultures of these ganglia (the method of "flying glasses"). Histochemical preparations were photometrically treated with the one-wave plug-method in the device MCFB-1 (LOMO) with the diameter of the probe 8 mkm. As the result of the investigations on optic density, a definite conclusion was made about relative activity of 15 enzymes and a general scheme of neuronal metabolism was graphically presented under the conditions of cultivation, enzymatic activity of krebs cycle was demonstrated to decrease, while that of diaphorase and lactate dehydrogenase to increase. The data on topography of enzymatic distribution in neurons, satellites, lemmoncytes and fibroblasts were also presented.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Localization of the lamellated corpuscle neurons of the cat large intestine mesentery].

Electrical activity and ultrastructure of lamellated corpuscles (Pacinian corpuscles) of the cat large intestine mesentery were studied 10 days after uni- and bilateral extirpation of the lumbar spinal ganglia. Terminal degenerated in all the receptors, and there were no electrical reactions at bilateral extripation of ganglia L3-L4, they were preserved in some receptors at bilateral extirpation of ganglia L2-L3 and L4-L5 and at unilateral extirpation of ganglia L3-L4. Structure of the receptors and electrical reactions were preserved in all the lamellated corpuscles at bilateral extirpation at the level of L1-L2 and L5-L6. After enucleation of the corpuscles from the large intestine mesentery, in some neurons of ganglia L3-L4, chromatolysis was observed. After the caudal mesenteric nerve was sectioned, there were no electrical reactions in the lamellated corpuscles of the large intestine mesentery. Hence, the sensitive neurons-theri peripheral processes participate in the formation of the lamellated corpuscles of the cat large intestine mesentery-are situated in the lumbar ganglia L3 and L4.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Dependence of frog epithelial cell and neuron survival time on the concentration of certain substances].

The frog cornea epitelial cells, nervous cells of spinal ganglia and of urinary bladder have been found to survive in vitro, in the presence of subtoxical concentrations of chloral hydrate, urea, ethanol or methanol added to the Ringer solution, longer than control preparations. The above drugs added both in lower and higher concentrations lead to cell damages, thus reducing the cell survival time, which was tested by the capacity to deposit granules of a vital dye - neutral red.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Effect of toxin from the sea anemone Homostichantus duerdemi on the sodium inward current in mammalian neurons].

The effect of toxin from sea anemone Homostichantus duerdemi (HTX-1) on the inward sodium current was studied on the isolated neurons of spinal ganglia of a rat. The experiments were carried out under conditions of voltage clamp and intracellular perfusion at 20 degree C. HTX-1, when added to the extracellular solution, slowed down the inactivation process of sodium channels with no action on activation process. The dependence of the fraction of modified channels upon the concentration of HTX-1 could be described by Langmuir isotherm with the dissociation constant 1.1 +/- 0.1.10(-7) M (at holding potential --100 mV). HTX-1 caused an increase in the peak of early inward current up to 80%. The binding of HTX-1 with sodium channel was strongly potential-dependent. After a short time of application (up to 5 min) the effect of HTX-1 was completely reversible. However, if the action of the toxin exceeded 30 min, the following washing for 90 min did not lead to pronounced removal of the effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[RNA synthesis in mammalian nerve cells in vitro].

Neurons of spinal ganglia of adult rabbits were cultivated during 4 days in rolling tubes, RNA synthesis of these neurons being determined by radioautography. In neurons of isolated ganglia, 1 hour following isolation, RNA synthesis was active and decreased up to 64% compared to the initial level only at the fourth day of cultivation. In small neurons, RNA synthesis was more active than in large ones. After addition of exogenous RNA precursors into the medium, the uptake of 3H-uridine increased, especially in large neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

[Theoretical description of the calcium channel in the spinal ganglion neurons of the rat].

The surface charge density (sigma'0 and the constant of Ca2+ binding with the charged surface groups of the outer side of the membrane (KCa) are calculated on the basis of experimentally determined values of the current-voltage characteristic shifts for calcium currents in the membrane of rat spinal ganglia neurons. The obtained values are as follows: sigma'0 = 0.15 +/- 0.05 e/nm2 and KCa = 70 +/- 10 1/ml. The energy profile of the calcium channel in the membrane of investigated neurons was calculated for Ca2+, Ba2+ Cd2+ Mn2+ Co2+ ions and verapamil using a three-barrier model. It is shown that the value of calcium current is determined mainly by the potential hole depth which corresponds to the outer binding centre of the calcium channel. On the basis of the data obtained a conclusion is made that the outer binding centre contains only one carboxylic group.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

[Ultrastructural characteristics of synaptogenesis in monolayer cultures of spinal cord].

The stages of different contact formation in monolayer cultivated cells of dissociated spinal cord and spinal ganglia from 12-14-day fetal mice were examined electronmicroscopically. The study confirmed the participation of the growth cones in the formation of different contacts. The chemical and gap junction contacts are described. It is shown that the appearance of synaptic vesicles in the growing axon precedes the membrane specialization in the area of initial contact of the axon with a target cell. The ultrastructural features of the axo-dendritic, axo-somatic and axo-axonic contacts formed de novo are presented. Desmosome participation in the formation of chemical and gap junction contacts is supposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Vascular architecture of the developing spinal cord in the rat: a suggested model.

The vascular architecture of the developing Sprague-Dawley rat spinal cord from E11 through E16 is reported. The paraffin-embedded cord is serially sectioned in the sagittal, transversal and frontal planes and stained with PAS and methenamine silver. Serial semithin transverse sections are stained with toluidine blue. The results demonstrate two highly integrated vascular systems: one sagittally disposed in three concentric networks and the other radially oriented around the cord. The sagittal plexus is configurated by rhombohexagonal polygons. The lateral radial stem vessels anastomose with the sagittal systems at the polygonal vertex. A structural vascular model of the cord is proposed. The periodical sequence distribution of vessels in the three planes and their relationship to spinal ganglia is suggestive of a neural metamera vascularly determined.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Lead neuropathy. 1) Morphometry, nerve conduction, and choline acetyltransferase transport: new finding of endoneurial edema associated with segmental demyelination.

Morphometric and pathologic studies along the length of the peripheral nervous system were obtained in groups of rats fed 4% lead carbonate for 3 and 6 months and in match-fed controls. The number and diameter histograms of L6 cytons of spinal ganglia and of myelinated fibers of proximal and distal portions of peroneal and sural nerve were not significantly different from the control groups. On the other hand, segmental demyelination occurred approximately as frequently in proximal as in distal parts of nerves. At 3 months approximately 1/3 of teased myelinated fibers showed changes of segmental demyelination (Condition C), or of remyelination after segmental demyelination (Condition F) or of both segmental demyelination and of remyelination (Condition D), while at 6 months more than 4/5ths of fibers showed these changes. As expected, regression lines of axonal area on number of lamellae of myelin, were less steep in nerves of rats fed on lead for 6 months as compared to controls. Axonal transport of choline acetyltransferase in lead neuropathy did not differ from that in control rats. As expected from the studies of others, conduction velocity of myelinated fibers of caudal nerve were low. A new finding was the often quite striking increase of transverse fascicular area of peripheral nerves. This was due to edema which appeared to develop at about the time of onset os segmental demyelination. Although the edema may be an epiphenomenon, it could be an important observation bearing on the development of lead neuropathy. It would be important to know next whether or not the blood nerve barrier is altered in lead neuropathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Long-term transplantation of mature sensory neurons].

The spinal ganglia were transplanted into the mesocolon of adult cats for periods of from 1 day to 9 months. About 30% of differentiated sensory neurons survived during the longterm transplantation. The intensive regeneration of the sensory neurons processes was characteristic of the transplanted neurons. Total myelinization of the regenerating nerves occurred during the 3rd--5th month. Potential regeneration capacity of the differentiated neurons and possibly of their prolonged transplantation were revealed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Comparative study of the activities of dehydrogenases and diaphorases. Basis of the technic].

In order to reveal dehydrogenase and diaphorase in spinal ganglia neurons of 12-day-old chick embryos in cryostat sections, the following modifications of the medium were used: for dehydrogenase - sodium salt substrate 50 mM, NAD or NADPh 0.75 mM, nitro-BT 0.61 mM, phosphate buffer pH 7.2 15 mM, NaCl 50 mM, MgCL2 5 mM, for diaphorase - NAD-N2 or NADHh-N2 0.78-0.66 mM, NaCl 100 mM. To compare relative activity of the enzymes (optic density of histochemical preparations determined cytophotometrically) it is suggested to calculate the values obtained during proportional development of the staining regarding the time unit (hour). The possibility to compare the data obtained with the results of biochemical investigations is discussed, as well as an attempt is made to represent graphically metabolic peculiarities of various cell types.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Involvement of the central nervous system in generalized non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (author's transl)].

The value of the Kiel classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in neuro-oncology is supported by a systematic prospective study of the CNS in 131 autopsies with NHL. In 31 (23.7%) cases the CNS was involved, mainly in lymphoblastomas (11) and immunocytomas (10). Tumour manifestations of the CNS were found in 17 (20%) out of 84 low grade and 13 (34%) high grade malignant NHL. In plasmocytomas of the bone marrow the CNS was rarely affected. As only one fourth of the CNS infiltrations in lymphomas showed naked-eye appearances, a careful histologic examination of the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots and spinal ganglia, respectively, is necessary for evaluation of the CNS involvement in NHL. The cause of the different incidence of CNS manifestation in various types of NHL is obscure. Further investigations including immunologic, clinical and therapeutic studies have to be carried out for solving this problem.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Perikaryal projections of spinal ganglion neurons: quantitative differences between membrane domains in contact with different microenvironments.

The perikarya of spinal ganglion neurons display numerous slender projections. In the present investigation we have studied whether the extent of these projections is uniform over the entire perikaryal surface or whether there is a difference between the regions of the perikaryon in contact with different microenvironments. In spinal ganglia of the rat and the lizard we have analysed about 200 neuronal cell bodies arranged in pairs and have compared the extent of the projections quantitatively in the areas of interneuronal contact with that in the areas of neuron-to-satellite cell contact. In both species we have found that the projections are present over the entire perikaryal surface and that the overall development of the perikaryal projections is significantly greater in those portions of the surface in contact with satellite cells than in the portions in contact with another neuron. On the basis of these observations we conclude that the outgrowth of perikaryal projections is an intrinsic property of the nerve cell body which is manifested over the entire perikaryal surface; there is, however, an extrinsic influence from the microenvironment of the neuron, which may account for the quantitative differences in different domains of the perikaryal surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Descending course of primary afferent collaterals in the cat's spinal cord.

After injecting horseradish-peroxidase into the lower thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal cord segments of cats, labelled perikarya were found in several spinal ganglia localized cranially to the site of injection. The segmental distance between the injection site and the rostralmost localized ganglion with labelled cells varied depending on the medio-lateral localization of the injection. The longest distance (10 segments) was achieved by medial injections. Primary sensory neurones with long descending collaterals belong to large ganglion cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Effects of morphine on sensitivities of alpha-adrenoceptors in toad spinal ganglion neurons].

Intracellular recordings were performed on 35 neurons from 35 isolated toad spinal ganglia (SG) and the extracellular free calcium ion activities were measured in another 26 isolated toad SG by Ca(2+)-selective microelectrodes. The effects of morphine on the sensitivities of alpha-adrenoceptors were observed. It was found that depolarization of membrane potential induced by norepinephrine (NE 10-100 mumol.L-1) or alpha 1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine (100 mumol.L-1) was depressed by morphine (27 mumol.L-1). Superfusing SG with opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (100 mumol.L-1) blocked the depressing effect of morphine on NE-induced depolarization. The depressing effect of morphine on NE-induced depolarization was not affected by superfusing SG with alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine (5 mumol.L-1). NE (100 mumol.L-1) reduced the extracellular free calcium ion activity while morphine (27 mumol.L-1) increased the extracellular free calcium ion activity in SG. It is concluded that morphine down-regulates the sensitivity of alpha 1-adrenoceptor in toad SG neuron mediated by opioid receptor and the variation in Ca2+ activity may be involved in this effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Cytospectrophotometric studies on the lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in functionally different neuron-neuroglia units. I. Optimal procedure conditions and topochemical comparisons in normal mice.

Optimal conditions are described to reveal quantitatively the total activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and the activity of its H- and M-form in the nervous tissue sections when applying Brody and Engel's tetrazolium method modified by Gerebtzoff. This histochemical reaction has been shown to obey Bouger-Lambert-Beer's law which confirms the possibility of the quantitative determination of the activity of LDH and its isoenzymes by means of cytospectrophotometric method. In the neurons of different areas of the mouse nervous system (cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, spinal cord anterior horns, spinal ganglia), both the total LDH activity and the activities of its H- and M-forms were localized in the cytoplasm. Within the limits of the sensitivity and correctness of the cytospectrophotometric method, the ratio of H- to M-forms of LDH did not differ significantly in the majority of the neuron types studied as well as in the neurons as compared with their glial satellite cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Transforming growth factor-beta 1 in experimental autoimmune neuritis. Cellular localization and time course.

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) is a monophasic inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system that resolves spontaneously by molecular mechanisms as yet unknown. We have investigated whether the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) might be endogenously expressed in the peripheral nervous system of Lewis rats with actively induced and adoptive transfer EAN. TGF-beta 1 mRNA was upregulated to high levels in sensory and motor roots, spinal ganglia, and sciatic nerve as revealed by quantitative Northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization histochemistry, with peak levels just preceding the first signs of clinical recovery. TGF-beta 1 mRNA was localized to scattered round cells and dense cellular infiltrates, but only rarely to Schwann cell profiles. Double labeling studies revealed macrophages and subpopulations of T cells as the major cellular source of TGF-beta 1 mRNA. TGF-beta 1 protein was visualized immunocytochemically and localized to infiltrating mononuclear cells with peak expression around the same time as mRNA, in addition to some constitutive expression in axons and Schwann cells. Our studies suggest that the spontaneous recovery observed in Lewis rat EAN might be mediated by the endogenous elaboration of TGF-beta 1 within the peripheral nerve, and that macrophages might control their own cytotoxicity by expressing TGF-beta 1.

Animals↗