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PubMed1978

Lymphocytic infiltrates in primary glioblastomas and recidivous gliomas. Incidence, fate, and relevance to prognosis in 228 operated cases.

The correlation existing in several human malignancies between lymphocytic infiltration and prolonged survival prompted this study. Two hundred selected patients who were operated on for glioblastoma were reviewed to investigate the incidence of the lymphocytic infiltration in the histological slides and its possible relevance to a better clinical course. The group that exhibited a definite lymphocytic infiltration (Group A, 11.5%) had a significantly longer preoperative history and postoperative survival (p less than 0.01) than the other two groups that presented slight or no infiltration (Group B, 23%, and Group C, 65%, respectively). In addition, biopsies of 28 recidivous gliomas were reviewed to study the fate of this lymphocytic infiltration in relation to time and therapy, such as irradiation and steroids which are known to depress the immune response. The authors found that severe lymphocytic infiltration is a rare immunobiological reaction which significantly improves the prognosis of a malignant brain tumor and seems not to be influenced by time, local x-ray therapy, or steroids.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1988

Immunohistological evaluation of macrophage infiltrates in brain tumors. Correlation with peritumoral edema.

Peritumoral edema is one of the most serious complications of intracranial neoplasms; however, the exact pathogenesis of this condition is still unknown. To explore the effect of macrophages in brain tumors on the pathogenesis of peritumoral edema, 42 specimens of primary or metastatic brain tumors were studied. Frozen sections were examined by an immunoperoxidase staining technique with anti-Leu-M3 monoclonal antibody. Eight of 14 gliomas demonstrated Leu-M3-positive cell (macrophage) infiltration. The two glioblastomas showed a moderate or marked degree of macrophage infiltration. Twelve of 16 meningiomas demonstrated varying degrees of macrophage infiltration. All six metastatic brain tumors exhibited prominent macrophages in intra- and peritumoral tissues. Four acoustic neurinomas and two hemangioblastomas showed a slight to moderate degree of macrophage infiltration. Excellent correlation was found between the degree of macrophage infiltration seen on immunoperoxidase staining and the peritumoral edema detected on computerized tomography brain scans of patients with supratentorial tumors, especially meningiomas. Macrophages are known to secrete various substances (including arachidonate metabolites) that may interfere with vascular permeability. These data suggest that macrophages infiltrating brain tumors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of peritumoral edema.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed1989

Distribution of lymphocytic subpopulations infiltrated in thyroid glands of Graves' disease.

We studied ninety cases of thyroid glands both histopathologically and by immunohistochemical methods in patients with Graves' disease using B and T cell markers to evaluate the role of lymphocytic subpopulation. Females were affected more frequently than males with a ratio of 6.5:1, and usually the females were younger than the males at the time of surgery. The heavier the lymphocytic infiltration, the higher was the percentage of germinal center formation or fibrosis. The degree of lymphocytic infiltration was also related to the titers of antithyroglobulin or antimicrosomal antibodies. T cells were mostly scattered individually or in small groups between the follicles; however, in the severely infiltrated group, the major pattern was in clusters. T8 positive cells were more abundant than T4 positive cells, and their distribution pattern was accordant with T11 positive cells. Immunoglobulin synthesizing B cells were positively stained in 47 of 94 cases tested and IgG was the most predominant. In the mild and moderate lymphocytic infiltration groups, IgM was mostly stained at the mantle zone or in the lymphoid cluster of the interfollicular stroma, whereas IgM positive cells were present exclusively in the germinal center of the severely infiltrated group. The results of our study indicate that the major lymphocyte subpopulation in Graves' disease is B lymphocytes, and the degree of T lymphocytic infiltration correlated better with titers of antimicrosomal antibody than antithyroglobulin.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Relationships of tumor inflammatory infiltration and necrosis with microsatellite instability in colorectal cancers.

AIM: The relationships between microsatellite instability (MSI) and survival in colorectal cancer patients are not consistent. The favorable survival of patient with MSI has been suggested to be related to pronounced inflammatory infiltration; however, the reason for non-association of MSI with survival is unclear. Our aims were to investigate the associations of inflammatory infiltration and tumor necrosis (TN) with microsatellite status and clinicopathological factors in colorectal cancer patients in whom MSI was not related to survival. METHODS: Three hundred and one colorectal adenocarcinomas were evaluated for inflammatory infiltration and 300 for TN under light microscope. RESULTS: Low infiltration at invasive margin (chi2 = 3.94, P = 0.047) and in whole tumor stroma (chi2 = 3.89, P = 0.049) was associated with MSI, but TN was not (chi2=0.10, P = 0.75). Low infiltration was related to advanced stage (chi2 = 8.67, P = 0.03), poorer differentiation (chi2 = 8.84, P = 0.03), DNA non-diploid (chi2 = 10.04, P = 0.002), higher S-phase fraction (chi2 = 11.30, P = 0.004), positive p53 expression (chi2 = 7.94, P = 0.01), and worse survival (P = 0.03 for both univariate and multivariate analyses). Abundant TN was related to advanced stage (chi2 = 17.74, P = 0.001) and worse survival (P = 0.02 for univariate, and P = 0.05 for multivariate analysis). CONCLUSION: The result that high inflammatory infiltration was not related to MSI might help explain the non-association of MSI with survival in colorectal cancer patients.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2005

The openings of uteroplacental vessels with villous infiltration at different gestational ages.

CONTEXT: The number of uteroplacental vessels flowing into the intervillous space in mature placentas has been reported in some studies to increase and in others to decrease. Both villous infiltration and proliferation in the vessels have been neglected in histologic examinations and need to be studied. OBJECTIVE: To clarify these conflicting findings regarding villous infiltration and proliferation in the uteroplacental vessels. DESIGN: A retrospective study was done using placental sections of different gestational ages. The openings of the vessels in each section were counted, noting if they were with or without villous infiltration. The frequency of openings per section was calculated, and the findings were grouped by gestational age. RESULTS: The frequency of total openings was significantly lower in the 41 to 37 weeks group (1.2) than in the 36 to 30 weeks group (2.0), the 29 to 20 weeks group (2.2), and the 19 to 13 weeks group (2.4) (P < .001). The frequency of openings with villous infiltration decreased similarly in mature placentas. Chorionic villi infiltrated the openings and proliferated in uteroplacental vessels. Differentiation between arteries and veins was difficult in the basal plate, because all vessels had veinlike structures. CONCLUSIONS: This decreasing frequency of openings in mature placentas suggests that the amount of intervillous blood flow is limited in full-term and postterm pregnancy. Villous infiltration into the vessels is considered a normal finding with gestation and can provide trophoblast for uteroplacental arteries. The relationship between placental development and villous proliferation in the vessels is presented.

Chorionic Villi↗

PubMed1998

Tonsillectomy and the value of peritonsillar infiltrations.

In this prospective double-blind trial, the effect of peritonsillar infiltrations was assessed with regard to intra-operative bleeding and postoperative pain in 100 young adults who underwent elective tonsillectomy under balanced general anaesthesia. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 groups (20 patients in each group) and received infiltrations as follows: group 1--bupivacaine (0.5%) with adrenaline (1:200,000); group II--bupivacaine (0.5%); group III--normal saline with adrenaline (1:200,000); group IV--normal saline; group V--no infiltration (control group). With regard to blood loss, groups I-IV lost a mean of 47 ml (95% CI = 69.78), while group V lost a mean of 121 ml (95% CI = 78.10) (P = 0.0002). Group V had the highest pain score (average 4.62) measured in recovery, 4 and 24 hours after tonsillectomy (P = 0.0051) and required more narcotic analgesia. Groups II and III had the lowest score (average 1.72) after 24 hours. The bupivacaine group (II) had the highest incidence (71.4%) of nausea and vomiting. Peritonsillar infiltrations decrease intra-operative bleeding and pain, independent of the type of solution infiltrated, by providing a better defined plane of dissection which minimises trauma to the surrounding tissue. Normal saline infiltrations with or without adrenaline should be used since they have no side-effects and are inexpensive and easily available.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Synovium infiltrating T cells induce excessive synovial cell function through CD28/B7 pathway in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

OBJECTIVE: To clarify involvement of synovial T cells in the development of synovial inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we analyzed cellular interactions between synovial cells and infiltrating T cells via CD28/B7-1 and B7-2. METHODS: Synovial cells and infiltrating T cells were recovered separately from RA synovial tissues. Expression of CD28, B7-1, and B7-2 of synovial cells was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence analysis. Interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, and matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3) secreted by synovial cells in the presence of infiltrating T cells were measured by ELISA. Nuclear transcription factor CD28 responsive complex was detected by a gel shift assay. RESULTS: Both CD28+ T cells and B7-1/B7-2+ cells were found accumulating in the mononuclear cell infiltrate of RA synovial tissues and B7-1/B7-2+ cells were mainly LeuM3+ synovial cells. CD28 responsive complex was detected in nuclear extracts of freshly isolated lymphocytes from RA synovial tissues, but not those from osteoarthritis synovial tissues or normal peripheral blood, suggesting in vivo activation of T cells by the CD28/B7-1/B7-2 interactions. The irradiated autologous synovium infiltrating T cells notably enhanced IL-1beta, IL-6, and MMP-3 production by the synovial cells. The enhancement of proinflammatory cytokine and MMP-3 production by the synovial cells co-cultured with the T cells was abolished by the addition of CTLA4-Ig, anti-B7-1, and anti-B7-2 monoclonal antibodies. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that cellular interactions between synovium infiltrating T lymphocytes and synovial cells via B7/CD28 pathways are intimately associated with development and exacerbation of inflammation in RA synovial cells.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

123I-interleukin-2 scintigraphy for in vivo assessment of intestinal mononuclear cell infiltration in Crohn's disease.

UNLABELLED: Activated mononuclear cells expressing interleukin-2 (IL2) receptors (IL2-Rs) heavily infiltrate the Crohn's disease (CD) gut wall. A new technique for the in vivo detection of tissue infiltrating IL2-R positive (IL2R+ve) cells was developed based on 123I-IL2 scintigraphy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 123I-IL2 accumulates in the CD gut wall in different phases of the disease and to evaluate the specificity of 123I-IL2 binding to activated IL2R+ve cells infiltrating the gut wall. METHODS: Fifteen patients with ileal CD (10 active and 5 inactive) and 10 healthy volunteers were studied by 123I-IL2 scintigraphy. Six patients with active CD were studied before and after 12 wk of steroid treatment. After scintigraphy, patients were followed up for 29-54 mo. Ex vivo autoradiography was performed to determine specificity of 125I-IL2 binding to IL2R+ve cells. For bowel scintigraphy, 123I-IL2 (75 MBq) was injected intravenously and gamma camera images were acquired after 1 h. Bowel radioactivity was quantified in 64 regions of interest (ROIs). RESULTS: Autoradiography showed specific binding of 125I-IL2 to IL2R+ve mononuclear cells infiltrating the CD gut wall. Intestinal 123I-IL2 uptake assessed by the number of positive ROIs was higher in patients with active or inactive CD than in healthy volunteers (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.03, respectively) and positively correlated with the CD activity index (P = 0.01). 123I-IL2 intestinal uptake significantly decreased in patients with CD in steroid-induced remission (P = 0.03). A significant correlation was observed between the number of positive ROIs and time to disease relapse. CONCLUSION: 123I-IL2 accumulates in the diseased CD gut wall by specific binding to IL2R+ve cells, infiltrating the involved tissues. 123I-IL2 scintigraphy may be an objective tool for the in vivo assessment of intestinal activated mononuclear cell infiltration.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

A study of leukemic cell infiltration in the testis and ovary.

The behavior of leukemic cell infiltration in the testis or ovary was examined on 99 autopsy cases of various leukemia, which were performed in the Department of Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, from 1964 to 1975. The incidence of leukemic cell infiltration was 48.5% in the testis and 58.1% in the ovary. The frequency of leukemic cell infiltration in the testis or ovary itself showed no significant increase in recent years, although median survival time became longer by a more aggressive combination chemotherapy. These findings show that the testis and ovary are essentially a preferred site of leukemic cell infiltration. Especially in acute monocytic leukemia, leukemic cell infiltration was revealed in all cases. In addition, short discussions were made on the role of sex hormones in the infiltration, proliferation, and persistence of leukemic cells of each type of leukemia in the testis or ovary.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2000

Analysis of the cellular infiltrate in the iris during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and anterior uveitis (AU) develop in Lewis rats immunized with myelin basic protein (MBP). The purpose of this study was to characterize the dynamics, distribution, and phenotype of infiltrating cells in the iris during EAE-associated AU. METHODS: Lewis rats were immunized with MBP emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or with CFA alone. Cellular infiltration of the iris was analyzed at various time points by immunohistochemistry of wholemounts, flow cytometry, and immunoelectron microscopy, by using monoclonal antibodies specific for monocytes/macrophages (ED1), T lymphocytes (R73, W3.25, OX8), T-cell activation markers (OX39, OX40), granulocytes (HIS48), major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II (OX6), and neurofilament (2H3). RESULTS: MBP-immunized rats showed development of characteristic monophasic EAE, followed, after resolution of paralysis, by mild self-limited AU. Initially, focal infiltrates of round MHC class II(+) and ED1(+) cells were found in the iris. During the course of AU, the midiris became massively infiltrated with ED1(+) monocytes-macrophages, R73(+) T cells, granulocytes (HIS48(+)), and MHC class II(+) cells. The influx of T cells consisted of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells, of which only a small fraction (<14 and 11%, respectively) expressed activation markers. The infiltrating cells accumulated in proximity to myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve bundles and in the vicinity of blood vessels in the iris. No evidence was found for demyelination or nerve degradation. Neither EAE nor AU developed in CFA-treated control rats. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that EAE-associated AU is characterized by a transient mixed cellular infiltrate consisting of monocytes-macrophages, granulocytes, and CD4 and CD8 T cells. The preferential accumulation of inflammatory cells in the vicinity of nerve fibers suggests that AU in this model may result from autoreactivity to nerve antigens.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

Bone marrow and peripheral blood leptin levels in lymphoproliferative diseases--relation to the bone marrow fat and infiltration.

Leptin is a nonglycosylated protein produced mostly by adipocytes. The role ofleptin in body weight regulation through its anorectic effect in hypothalamus is very well known. Less known are other leptin effects such as the stimulation of hematopoesis and some parts of immunity system. The role of leptin in the pathogenesis of some malignant tumors is discussed. Only a little is known about bone marrow adipocyte leptin production. We examined leptin concentrations in the sera from peripheral blood and bone marrow, the percentage of bone marrow fat, the degree of bone marrow infiltration, the body mass index (BMI) in 42 patients with lymphoproliferative diseases. We found that bone marrow has significantly lower leptin levels (6,6+/-10,9 ng/ml) than peripheral blood (9,1+/-11,5 ng/ml) (p < 0.0001). Bone marrow and peripheral blood leptin levels have also a significant thin correlation (r = +0.91, p < 0.0001). Bone marrow (r = +0.55, p < 0.0005) and peripheral blood (r = +0.52, p < 0.0005) leptin concentrations are significantly correlated to BMI. Blood serum leptin (r = +0.46, p < 0.003) and bone marrow leptin (r = +0.40, p < 0.01) are related to the bone marrow fat percentage. In addition we found a negative correlation of blood serum leptin (r = -0.59, p < 0.0001) and bone marrow leptin (r = -0.42, p < 0.005) to bone marrow malignant infiltration. When we divided the patients into groups with bone marrow infiltration more than 10% and without or less than 10% infiltration, the first group had significantly lower peripheral blood (p < 0.001) and bone marrow (p < 0.02) leptin. We also confirmed a relation of bone marrow fat and infiltration (r = +0.49, p < 0.001). Our results suggest a relationship among leptin levels in blood or bone marrow and bone marrow infiltration in lymphoproliferative diseases. This fact needs further investigation and an evaluation of its application in clinical practice.

Adipose Tissue↗

PubMed2000

Cathepsin B in infiltrated lymph nodes is of prognostic significance for patients with nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Tumor cells require specific proteolytic enzymes for invasion and metastasis, including lysosomal peptidases--cathepsins. Cathepsin B is a lysosomal cysteine peptidase, which appears to play a major role in invasion and metastasis of human tumors. In this study, the authors focused on the possible role of cathepsin B in lymphogenic metastasis by investigating the enzyme localization and its activity in lung tumors and corresponding tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes. METHODS: Cathepsin B activity was determined in lung tumors, lung parenchyma, and tumor cell-infiltrated and noninfiltrated regional lymph nodes of the same patient. The authors investigated 35 cancer patients suffering from nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Cathepsin B throughout activity was measured by cleavage of the fluorogenic substrate Z-Arg-Arg-AMC at pH 6.0. RESULTS: The median specific cathepsin B activity was highest in tumors, followed by the infiltrated lymph nodes, noninfiltrated lymph nodes, and lung parenchyma. The authors showed a significant 1.8-fold increase in cathepsin B activity in tumor-infiltrated lymph nodes compared with noninfiltrated regional lymph nodes and a 4.5-fold increase in lung tumor tissue compared with lung parenchyma. High cathepsin B activity, both in tumors and tumor cell-infiltrated lymph nodes, indicated poor prognosis for overall survival. Immunohistochemical analysis showed the presence of cathepsin B in histiocytes and tumor cells but not in lymphocytes of lymph node tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The authors' findings on higher cathepsin B levels in tumor cell-infiltrated lymph nodes show that increased level of cathepsin B activity is characteristic of the invasive tumor cell phenotype. This corroborates the hypothesis, that tumor cell associated cathepsin B may play a role in lymphogenic metastasis. The authors' results support the use of lymph node associated cathepsin B as a prognostic factor for survival of patients with lung carcinoma.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of scalp infiltration with lidocaine on the circulatory response to craniotomy.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of infiltration anesthesia of the projected line of incision in the skin of head on the hemodynamic response of the circulatory system, and the essential dose of opioids in 100 patients who underwent craniotomy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were divided into 4 groups: IA - brain tumors, no infiltration anesthesia; IB - cerebral aneurysms, no infiltration anesthesia; IIA - brain tumors + infiltration anesthesia; IIB - cerebral aneurysms + infiltration anesthesia. In the patients from groups IIA and IIB, the projected line of skin incision was injected with a 1% lidocaine solution (9.94+/-1.95 ml) five minutes before commencing surgery. RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the various groups in regards to their weight, the time between infusion of the first dose of fentanyl and skin incision, the mean heart rates at time points T1 (prior to induction of anesthesia), T2 (prior to skin incision) or T3 (after skin incision), or mean arterial pressure values (MAP) at time points T1 or T2. A significant increase in MAP values (P<0.05) caused by skin incision was recorded in groups IA (from 95.2+/-9.85 to 119+/-10.6 mm Hg) and IB (from 88.4+/-11.5 to 100.3+/-11.4 mm Hg). In group IIA, MAP increased insignificantly, while in group IIB the MAP values did not change. CONCLUSIONS: Infiltration anesthesia of the projected line of skin incision in the head enabled maintenance of stability in the circulatory system and lower doses of opioids administered before commencing surgery.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2000

[Tumor infiltrating dendritic cells in relation to prognosis of lung cancer].

OBJECTIVE: To study the degree of infiltration of dendritic cells in lung cancer in relation to prognosis. METHODS: S-100 protein as the marker of tumor-infiltraing dendritic cells (TIDC) was stained immunohistochemically in lung cancer specimens. The degree of infiltration was considered mild and marked according to the criteria reported by Furukawa. The survival rate was obtained by Log-rank test of the data. RESULTS: In 15 of 38 adenocarcinomas, whose TIDC infiltration was marked, the five-year survival rate was 60.0%, while in 23 with mild TIDC infiltration, the five-year survival rate was 21.7% (P < 0.01) Quite similar data were obtained from 44 squamous-cell carcinomas. Significantly higher five-year survival rate (61.1%) was observed in those with marked TIDC than those with mild infiltration (19.2%). CONCLUSION: The degree of TIDC infiltration is positively correlated with the survival rate of lung carcinoma patients.

Dendritic Cells↗

PubMed1999

[Effects of inflammatory infiltration on the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm].

OBJECTIVE: To explore inflammatory infiltration and its effects on the formation of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHODS: Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect lymphocyte (CD45 positive) and macrophage (CD68 positive) infiltration while in situ hybridization was applied to investigate the mRNA expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in 20 cases of human AAA and 4 cases of normal human abdominal aortas. RESULTS: Inflammatory infiltration occurred in every case of AAA with various degree, and there was a parallel tendency between the degree of injury of abdominal aortic elastin and that of inflammatory infiltration in AAA. Inflammatory infiltration was not found in normal aortas. MMP-9 mRNA was detected in macrophages and lymphocytes in all 20 cases, in smooth muscle cells in 13, and not in normal abdominal aortas. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory infiltration attended and enhanced the formation of AAA through a complex of sequence of biochemical, cellular and immune events.

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal↗

PubMed2002

Mononuclear cells in atopic dermatitis in vivo: immunomodulation of the cutaneous infiltrate by medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Recently, medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy (50 J/cm2) has achieved great therapeutic success within the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Histologically, AD is recognised by a pathological perivascular dermal infiltrate including T lymphocytes, eosinophils and Langerhans cells. The purpose of our study was to investigate the extent to which UVA1 irradiation is able to modulate the mononuclear dermal inflammatory infiltrate using different monoclonal antibodies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Biopsy specimens before and after treatment with medium-dose UVA1 irradiation (cumulative dose: 750 J/cm2) from 15 patients suffering from severe AD were analysed immunohistochemically concerning the presence of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, CD1a+ Langerhans cells and EG2+ activated eosinophils. RESULTS: Compared to lesional skin of patients with AD before UVA1 irradiation, the relative number of CD4+ cells, CD1a+ dendritic cells and activated EG2+ eosinophils within the dermal infiltrate could be decreased significantly after treatment. In contrast, medium-dose UVA1 phototherapy led to a significant increase of the percentage of dermal CD8+ cells. These alterations were closely linked to a decrease of the absolute skin-infiltrating cells and a substantial clinical improvement of the skin. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, our findings demonstrate that medium-dose UVA1 irradiation leads to a remarkable modulation of the dermal mononuclear infiltrate in patients with severe atopic dermatitis referring to a decrease of dermal Langerhans cells, activated eosinophils and CD4 cell count as well as to a relative increase of CD8+ lymphocytes. The immunomodulation of the cutaneous infiltrate is associated with a depletion of cytotoxic agents, the defective IgE overproduction and the aberrant presence of T lymphocytes combined with the pathological cytokine pattern.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

The influence of dendritic cell infiltration and vascular endothelial growth factor expression on the prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is well known to be produced by many human tumors, and it also plays an important role in tumor neovasculature formation. In addition to angiogenesis promotion, recent basic research has shown that VEGF has another function that allows it to inhibit dendritic cell (DC) maturation. However, very little is known about VEGF-dependent DC inhibition in a clinical setting. In this study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF, microvessel density (MVD), and intratumoral DC infiltration in 132 surgically resected lung cancer specimens. We also evaluated the influence of these factors on their survival by a multivariate statistical analysis. VEGF expression was positively related to MVD (P = 0.0003) and negatively related to the degree of DC infiltration (P = 0.0232). A multivariate analysis also showed the VEGF expression, MVD, and DC infiltration to be independent prognostic factors. Moreover, we also accurately analyzed patient prognoses using the double stratification method for determining VEGF expression and DC infiltration. The patient group with a high VEGF expression/low DC infiltration showed a worse prognosis (P < 0.0001), whereas the group with a low VEGF expression/high DC infiltration had a better prognosis (P = 0.0001).

Adult↗

PubMed2002

[Relationship between the infiltration arts and penetration depth of molten glass into aluminum oxide matrix].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the influences of infiltration time and temperature on the penetration depth of GI-II glass into alumina matrices, thus providing a theoretical basis for facilitating the clinical fabrication of all-ceramic restorations. METHODS: After preparing cuboid alumina specimens 7 x 7 x 5 mm3 in size, we carried out the infiltration firing procedure at 1100 degrees C for six different time duration (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 minutes), and at five different temperatures (1060, 1080, 1100, 1120, 1140 degrees C) for 1 hour each. The penetration depth of glass into the alumina matrices was measured under a stereoscope with magnification of 10 times. RESULTS: The infiltration time duration and penetration depth were not linearly but exponentially related for both Vita and GI-II materials (r = 0.9886 for Vita and r = 0.9932 for GI-II). The regression equations were as follows: d2 = 0.1122t - 0.4955 (Vita) and d2 = 0.1638t + 0.5873 (GI-II). The temperature and depth were not linearly related either, with increased penetration speed under higher temperatures for GI-II material; the tendency for Vita material was just the opposite. CONCLUSION: At an infiltration temperature of 1100 degrees C, the molten infiltration time duration of GI-II glass could be reduced to 1 hour for copings and 3 hours for anterior bridge substructures due to its better infiltration ability.

Aluminum Oxide↗