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PubMed1997

[Detection of Aspergillus species DNA in serum samples of the patients with non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis].

We investigated the possible presence of Aspergillus species DNA in serum samples of two patients diagnosed as having non-invasive pulmonary aspergillosis by a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The nested PCR results were negative in serum samples of the patients with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis and pulmonary aspergilloma. When left pneumothorax happened to the patient with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis and bronchial washing was performed to the patient with pulmonary aspergilloma, the nested PCR results turned positive. We consider this method useful for the diagnosis of semi-invasive stage of pulmonary aspergillosis. However, further prospective evaluation with a large clinical sample is required.

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PubMed1963

EXPERIMENTAL VIABLE VACCINE AGAINST PULMONARY COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS IN MONKEYS.

Converse, John L. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), Merida W. Castleberry, and Ernest M. Snyder. Experimental viable vaccine against pulmonary coccidioidomycosis in monkeys. J. Bacteriol. 86:1041-1051. 1963.-Monkeys (Macaca mulatta) vaccinated by subcutaneous injection in the forearm with from 10 to 10(8) viable Coccidioides immitis arthrospores were protected against respiratory challenge with approximately 7000 viable arthrospores administered 6 months after vaccination. Protection was evident from: the healthy appearance throughout 4 months after respiratory challenge; negative chest X rays at 15, 30, 60, and 120 days; and only very minor histopathological pulmonary changes on autopsy at 120 days, with negative lung cultures in 80% of the animals. This was in striking contrast to the outward clinical appearance of control monkeys that were unvaccinated or had received nonviable arthrospore vaccines. These monkeys showed severe disease (loss of weight, accelerated respiration, severe coughing, general debilitation), positive X rays, massive pulmonary destruction, positive lung cultures, and death of five of nine animals. The appearance of spherules (very few in number, accompanied by very minor pathological changes) in the lungs of some of the "dissemination controls" (subcutaneous viable vaccination without respiratory challenge) indicated possible dissemination from the primary cutaneous infection, although oral transmission from the cutaneous lesions could not be ruled out.

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PubMed1994

Virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus double mutants lacking restriction and an alkaline protease in a low-dose model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.

To investigate the pathogenicity of Aspergillus fumigatus mutants lacking putative virulence factors, we have developed a new murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis based on neutropenia, the major factor predisposing patients to this infection. Mice were treated with cyclophosphamide and inoculated by the intranasal route with 5 x 10(3) conidia, a significant reduction from inoculum levels used in previous models. Evidence for the production of the extracellular alkaline protease (Alp) in lung tissue was obtained by using a fungal transformant harboring an alp::lacZ reporter gene fusion. The pathogenicities of single mutant strains lacking either Alp or the ribotoxin restrictocin and of a double mutant strain lacking both proteins were assessed in this infection model. There were no significant differences between the mutant and the wild-type strains in terms of mortality or histological-features. Inoculations with mixtures of conidia showed that the double mutant strain is slightly less virulent than the wild-type strain. We conclude that Alp and restrictocin are not important virulence determinants in pulmonary infection.

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