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PubMed1984

[Antitumor activity of Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018)--effect of administration route].

Antitumor activity of lactobacilli on Sarcoma 180 was investigated and was shown to be different from strain to strain. In general, Lactobacillus casei had higher antitumor activity compared with other species of lactobacilli. Among these, L. casei YIT 9018 (LC 9018) had significant antitumor activity against Meth A fibrosarcoma when administered into BALB/c mice intravenously, intraperitoneally, subcutaneously, intratumorally or orally. LC 9018 showed antitumor activity against rat ascites hepatoma by intravenous or oral administration, but this activity was lower than that against Meth A in mice.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

PubMed1991

Inhibition of thymidylate synthase by glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

1. A number of common metabolites which had carbonyl and/or phosphate groups were tested for their ability to alter the activity of thymidylate synthase from Lactobacillus casei. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate was found to be an effective inhibitor of thymidylate synthase. 2. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate reversibly inhibited thymidylate synthase with a K1 of 12-13 microM; the inhibition was competitive with dUMP and noncompetitive with 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate which is consistent with an ordered addition of substrates.

Binding, Competitive↗

PubMed2002

Competition for adhesion between probiotics and human gastrointestinal pathogens in the presence of carbohydrate.

The adhesion of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG to human enterocyte-like Caco-2 cells was not inhibited by eight carbohydrates tested, namely N-acetyl-glucosamine, galactose, glucose, fructose, fucose, mannose, methyl-alpha-D-mannopyranoside and sucrose. The degree of hydrophobicity predicted the adhesion of L. rhamnosus GG to Caco-2 cells. L. rhamnosus GG, however, was able to compete with Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. of low hydrophobicity and high adhesin-receptor interaction for adhesion to Caco-2 cells. The interference of adhesion of these gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria by L. rhamnosus GG was probably through steric hindrance, and the degree of inhibition was related to the distribution of the adhesin receptors and hydrophobins on the Caco-2 surface. A Carbohydrate Index for Adhesion (CIA) was used to depict the binding property of adhesins on bacteria surfaces. CIA was defined as the sum of the fraction of adhesion in the presence of carbohydrates, with reference to the adhesion measured in the absence of any carbohydrate. The degree of competition for receptor sites between Lactobacillus casei Shirota and GI bacteria is a function of their CIA distance. There were at least two types of adhesins on the surface of L. casei Shirota. The study provides a scientific basis for the screening and selection of probiotics that compete with selective groups of pathogens for adhesion to intestinal surfaces. It also provides a model for the characterisation of adhesins and adhesin-receptor interactions.

Antibiosis↗

PubMed1994

Role of the D-alanyl carrier protein in the biosynthesis of D-alanyl-lipoteichoic acid.

D-Alanyl-lipoteichoic acid (D-alanyl-LTA) is a widespread macroamphiphile which plays a vital role in the growth and development of gram-positive organisms. The biosynthesis of this polymer requires the enzymic activation of D-alanine for its transfer to the membrane-associated LTA (mLTA). A small, heat-stable, and acidic protein that is required for this transfer was purified to greater than 98% homogeneity from Lactobacillus casei ATCC 7469. This protein, previously named the D-alanine-membrane acceptor ligase (V. M. Reusch, Jr., and F. C. Neuhaus, J. Biol. Chem. 246:6136-6143, 1971), functions as the D-alanyl carrier protein (Dcp). The amino acid composition, beta-alanine content, and N-terminal sequence of this protein are similar to those of the acyl carrier proteins (ACPs) of fatty acid biosynthesis. The isolation of Dcp and its derivative, D-alanyl approximately Dcp, has allowed the characterization of two novel reactions in the pathway for D-alanyl-mLTA biosynthesis: (i) the ligation of Dcp with D-alanine and (ii) the transfer of D-alanine from D-alanyl approximately Dcp to a membrane acceptor. It has not been established whether the membrane acceptor is mLTA or another intermediate in the pathway for D-alanyl-mLTA biosynthesis. Since the D-alanine-activating enzyme (EC 6.1.1.13) catalyzes the ligation reaction, this enzyme functions as the D-alanine-Dcp ligase (Dcl). Dcl also ligated the ACPs from Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, and Saccharopolyspora erythraea with D-alanine. In contrast to the relaxed specificity of Dcl in the ligation reaction, the transfer of D-alanine to the membrane acceptor was highly specific for Dcp and did not occur with other ACPs. This transfer was observed by using only D-[14C]alanyl approximately Dcp and purified L. casei membranes. Thus, D-alanyl approximately Dcp is an essential intermediate in the transfer of D-alanine from Dcl to the membrane acceptor. The formation of D-alanine esters of mLTA provides a mechanism for modulating the net anionic charge in the cell wall.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In vitro determination of the antimicrobial properties of two cyanoacrylate preparations.

Isobutyl and trifluoro cyanoacrylates showed varying degrees of inhibition for Lactobacillus casei and Staphylococcus aureus when tested by the spread plate technique. Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were resistant. The results tend to support the view that inhibition of growth was due to the vapor effect and not the diffusibility of the cyanoacrylates.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2002

Species-specific identification of commercial probiotic strains.

Products containing probiotic bacteria are gaining popularity, increasing the importance of their accurate speciation. Unfortunately, studies have suggested that improper labeling of probiotic species is common in commercial products. Species identification of a bank of commercial probiotic strains was attempted using partial 16S rDNA sequencing, carbohydrate fermentation analysis, and cellular fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Results from partial 16S rDNA sequencing indicated discrepancies between species designations for 26 out of 58 strains tested, including two ATCC Lactobacillus strains. When considering only the commercial strains obtained directly from the manufacturers, 14 of 29 strains carried species designations different from those obtained by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Strains from six commercial products were species not listed on the label. The discrepancies mainly occurred in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus casei groups. Carbohydrate fermentation analysis was not sensitive enough to identify species within the L. acidophilus group. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis was found to be variable and inaccurate and is not recommended to identify probiotic lactobacilli.

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗

PubMed1990

[Transfer of various markers in Lactobacilli during transformation of plasmid DNA and joint cultivation].

A system providing a high frequency genetic transfer of various markers making the reference strain Lactobacillus buchneri 1837 resistant to Lm, Em and Fus, able to ferment some carbohydrates and antagonistic against Pseudomonas diminuta CCM 2657 was developed. The frequency of the marker transfer during the lactobacilli joint cultivation was 1.5 X 10(-5) = 5.5 X 10(-5) to 1.5 X 10(-4) = 5.5 X 10(-4) which was 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than the marker transfer frequency during transformation of L. buchneri NRRLB 1837 with plasmid DNA of different lactobacilli. The recombinants and transformants resulting from the joint cultivation of lactobacilli contained a plasmid about 60 kb in length which provided cells of L. buchneri NRRLB 1837 with resistance to fusidin, antagonistic activity against Pseudomonas diminuta and capacity for utilizing sucrose and sorbite. It was shown possible to integrate the plasmid DNA about 26.5 kb in length contained in the cells of L. casei MT 205 to the chromosomes of erythromycin resistant transformants. The results of the investigation of the biological properties of the recombinants and transformants and their plasmid profiles were confirmed with the Southern DNA-DNA hybridization.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed1976

Enzymatic assay for methotrexate in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.

We describe an assay for methotrexate in biological fluids. The assay is based on inhibition by methotrexate of dihydrofolate reductase from Lactobacillus casei. The lower limit of sensitivity in serum is 2 X 10(-8) mol (about 10 mug) of methotrexate per liter. Within-run precision is +/- 5% (coefficient of variation) and day-to-day variation is 18%. Advantages of the assay are ease of manipulation, high sensitivity, and specificity.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Beneficial immunomodulatory activity of Lactobacillus casei in malnourished mice pneumonia: effect on inflammation and coagulation.

OBJECTIVE: The effect of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 immunomodulatory activity on inflammation and coagulation during pneumococcal pneumonia was investigated in malnourished mice. METHODS: Weaned mice were malnourished after they consumed a protein-free diet for 21 d. Malnourished mice were treated for 7 d with a balanced conventional diet (BCD) with L. casei supplementation (BCD+Lc) or without it. The malnourished control group received only a protein-free diet whereas well-nourished control (WNC) mice consumed BCD ad libitum. Mice were challenged by the intranasal route with pneumococci at the end of each dietary treatment. Lung injury, leukocyte recruitment, cytokine production, coagulation tests, and fibrin(ogen) deposition in lungs were evaluated. RESULTS: Malnourished control mice showed impaired leukocyte recruitment and cytokine production, and more severe lung injuries when compared with WNC mice. Coagulation tests were significantly impaired in malnourished control group versus WNC group. Repletion with BCD or BCD+Lc improved these parameters, but only BCD+Lc mice achieved the values of WNC mice. In addition, the interleukin-10 level was higher in the BCD+Lc group than in the WNC group. CONCLUSION: Repletion with supplemental L. casei accelerated recovery of the defense mechanisms against pneumococci by inducing different cytokine profiles. These cytokines would be involved in the improvement of the immune response and in the induction of a more efficient regulation of the inflammatory process, limiting the injury caused by infection.

Animals↗

PubMed2004

Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 inhibits the increase in paracellular permeability of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli-infected T84 cells.

Probiotics are living microorganisms which, when ingested in adequate amounts, exert health benefits toward the host. For instance, probiotics might act through reinforcement of the intestinal epithelial barrier function. The goal of the present study was to determine whether Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 could abrogate the increase in paracellular permeability induced by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. We used the human colon T84 cell line infected with a wild-type enteropathogenic E. coli (strain E2348/69). Paracellular permeability was followed by monitoring transepithelial electrical resistance variations and by observing zonula occludens-1 distribution. Two infection procedures were used: co-incubation (the pathogenic and probiotic strains were simultaneously incubated with T84 cells) and post-infection (the probiotic was added in the presence of pathogenic bacteria 3 h after the beginning of the infection). We also investigated the effect of L. casei on enteropathogenic E. coli adhesion. L. casei DN-114 001 inhibited, in a dose-dependent-manner, the decrease in enteropathogenic E. coli-induced transepithelial electrical resistance and zonula occludens-1 redistribution using two different infection procedures. However, L. casei did not inhibit pathogenic strain adhesion. L. casei DN-114 001 inhibited the increase in EPEC-induced paracellular permeability. This property could partially explain the previously observed health benefits of this probiotic for human natural defenses, such as those associated with prevention of diarrhea.

Bacterial Adhesion↗

PubMed1989

Characterization of a Lactobacillus strain producing white crystals on cheddar cheese.

From an enrichment culture of white-crystal deposits from aged Cheddar cheese, an atypical Lactobacillus strain was characterized. The new isolate is facultatively heterofermentative, has a G + C content of 40 mol%, and produces D and L isomers of lactic acid. The strain had a limited ability to ferment carbohydrates. It utilized fructose, galactose, glucose, lactose, maltose, mannose, and ribose but was negative for esculin, gluconate, citrate, and several other carbon sources. The isolate also had low DNA-DNA homologies with strains of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum. Cheese prepared with milk containing the isolate developed white crystals during curing. Formation of copious D-lactate from unknown substrates during curing probably caused the white-crystal deposits. The strain has been deposited in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC 49178).

Carbohydrate Metabolism↗

PubMed1979

Coupling of energy to folate transport in Lactobacillus casei.

Lactobacillus casei cells can accumulate folate to an intracellular concentration in excess of 500 muM and to concentration gradients (relative to the extracellular compartment) of several thousand-fold. Maximum rates of folate transport are achieved rapidly (t(1/2) < 1 min) after the addition of glucose to energy-depleted cells and occur at intracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate concentrations above 625 muM. The rate of folate transport and the adenosine 5'-triphosphate content of cells are both extremely sensitive to arsenate and decrease in parallel with increasing concentrations of the inhibitor, indicating a requirement for phosphate-bond energy in the transport process. The energy source is not a membrane potential or a pH gradient generated via the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase, since dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (an adenosine triphosphatase inhibitor) and carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (a proton conductor) have little effect on the uptake process. The K(+)-ionophore, valinomycin, is an inhibitor of folate transport, but does not act via a mechanism involving dissipation of the membrane potential. This can be deduced from the facts that the inhibition by valinomycin is relatively insensitive to pH, is considerably greater in Na(+)- than in K(+)-containing buffers, and is not enhanced by the addition of proton conductors. Folate efflux is not affected by valinomycin, glucose, or various metabolic inhibitors, although a rapid release of the accumulated vitamin can be achieved by the addition of unlabeled folate together with an energy source (glucose). These results suggest that the active transport of folate into L. casei is energized by adenosine 5'-triphosphate or an equivalent energy-rich compound, and that coupling occurs not via the membrane-bound adenosine triphosphatase but by direct interaction of the energy source with a component of the transport system.

Adenosine Triphosphate↗

PubMed1998

Lactobacillus casei inhibits antigen-induced IgE secretion through regulation of cytokine production in murine splenocyte cultures.

BACKGROUND: Lactobacillus casei is a nonpathogenic gram-positive bacterium widely used in dairy products and has been shown to enhance the cellular immunity of the host. METHODS: To examine the inhibitory effect of L. casei on IgE production, splenocytes obtained from ovalbumin (OVA)-primed BALB/c mice were restimulated in vitro with the same antigen in the presence of heat-killed L. casei. The effect of this bacterium on T helper (Th) phenotype development was also examined with naive T cells from OVA-specific T cell receptor-transgenic mice. RESULTS: L. casei induced IFN-gamma, but inhibited IL-4 and IL-5 secretion, and markedly suppressed total and antigen-specific IgE secretion by OVA-stimulated splenocytes. The inhibitory effect of L. casei on IgE, IL-4, and IL-5 production was partially abrogated by addition of neutralizing antibody to IFN-gamma. Augmented IL-12 production was also observed in the cell cultures containing L. casei, and anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody completely restored the IgE, IL-4, and IL-5 production to the control levels. The IL-12 augmentation by L. casei was macrophage-dependent. The Th cell development assay showed the ability of L. casei to induce Th1 development preferentially. This effect was also completely blocked by anti-IL-12 antibody. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first demonstration that a nonpathogenic microorganism, L. casei, can inhibit antigen-induced IgE production through induction of IL-12 secretion by macrophages. The findings suggest a potential use of this organism in preventing IgE-mediated allergy.

Allergens↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of glucose and lactose on the utilization of citrate by Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus ATCC 7469].

The utilization of citrate by Lactobacillus casei subsp. rhamnosus ATCC 7469 in a complex medium containing glucose, lactose or citrate was investigated, as an approach to the question of the transport of this acid and the possible relationship with the production of flavour compounds (diacetyl and acetoin). This lactobacillus uses citrate as an energy source in the absence of carbohydrates. External pH and growth increases when citrate is added to complex medium. The presence of citrate does not affect glucose uptake. L. casei ATCC 7469 possibly uses a transport system for citrate utilization, and citrate uptake seems to be under glucose or lactose control. Lactose only inhibits the entrance of citrate at high concentration while the utilization of this acid was negatively regulated by low glucose concentration.

Biological Transport↗

PubMed1990

[Acute Lipschütz-Chapin vulvar ulcer].

A 17-year-old female patient is described, who had a sexual intercourse, the only in her life, a year before. Hectic temperature has developed in the presence of an exacerbation of chronic decompensated tonsillitis; the general status has essentially deteriorated. A sharply painful ulcer, up to 2 cm in diameter, was seen on the lower third of the involved labium majus; Lactobacilli casei were isolated from the discharge from this ulcer. After 2 weeks of antibiotic and immunocorrective therapy a delicate atrophic cicatrix has formed. The factors that helped diagnose the Lipschütz-Chapin acute vulvar ulcer were exacerbation of a chronic focal infection, anemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia, dysproteinemia, and disordered cellular and humoral immunity.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1977

[Subacute bacterial endocarditis due to lactobacillus (author's transl)].

The case described is one of endocarditis due to lactobacillus casei in a 33-year-old man with aortic insufficiency of undetermined origin. The clinical signs were neurological, following thrombosis of the right posterior cerebral artery. The source of injection was a dental extraction. This case, with a typical clinical picture, is the eleventh to be reported in the literature.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Oral administration of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 displayed on Lactobacillus casei induces E7-specific antitumor effects in C57/BL6 mice.

The mounting of a specific immune response against the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein (HPV16 E7) is important for eradication of HPV16 E7-expressing cancer cells from the cervical mucosa. To induce a mucosal immune response by oral delivery of the E7 antigen, we expressed the HPV16 E7 antigen on the surface of Lactobacillus casei by employing a novel display system in which the poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) synthetase complex A (PgsA) from Bacillus subtilis (chungkookjang) was used as an anchoring motif. After surface expression of the HPV16 E7 protein was confirmed by Western blot, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy, mice were orally inoculated with L. casei-PgsA-E7. E7-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA productions were enhanced after oral administration and significantly enhanced after boosting. Systemic and local cellular immunities were significantly increased after boosting, as shown by increased counts of lymphocytes (SI = 9.7 +/- 1.8) and IFN-gamma secreting cells [510 +/- 86 spot-forming cells/10(6)cells] among splenocytes and increased IFN-gamma in supernatants of vaginal lymphocytes. Furthermore, in an E7-based mouse tumor model, animals receiving orally administered L. casei-PgsA-E7 showed reduced tumor size and increased survival rate versus mice receiving control (L. casei-PgsA) immunization. These results collectively indicate that the oral administration of E7 displayed on lactobacillus induces cellular immunity and antitumor effects in mice.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1997

Autolysis of Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactobacillus casei ssp. casei. Cell lysis induced by a crude bacteriocin.

Autolytic properties of Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis IFPL359, its Lac Prt derivative Lc. lactis Tl and Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei IFPL731, used as starter and adjunct starter in goat's milk cheese making, have been studied. The lytic effect of a bacteriocin produced by a lactic acid bacterium isolated from raw goat's milk has also been analyzed. Lactococcal cells resuspended in phosphate buffer showed a peak of autolysis when they were harvested in the early growth phase. A more stable autolytic pattern through the exponential growth was obtained for Lb. casei IFPL731. Optimal autolysis was found in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer during incubation at 40 degrees C for Lb. casei IFPL731 and at 35 degrees C for the lactococci. Thermoinduction of cell lysis was not obtained in any of the cases under the conditions studied. Lytic effect of the crude bacteriocin assayed was strongest against Lc. lactis Tl. Lysis response to the bacteriocin seemed to be strain-dependent and related to growth conditions.

Bacteriocins↗