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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

In-vitro activity of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid.

The in-vitro activity of enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin and nalidixic acid was determined against 1499 Gram-negative and 279 Gram-positive isolates from different clinical institutions in the Federal Republic of Germany. 90% of all Enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by 0.5 mg/l. Glucose non-fermenting Gram-negative rods and staphylococci were less sensitive to all 4-quinolones. All Gram-negative strains selected for resistance to nalidixic acid were significantly less sensitive to the new generation of 4-quinolones tested.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2000

A screen of yeast respiratory mutants for sensitivity against the mycotoxin citrinin identifies the vacuolar ATPase as an essential factor for the toxicity mechanism.

In countries with a hot climate the mycotoxin citrinin represents a serious problem in fungal food-poisoning. In humans the renal system is affected the most and the mitochondrial respiratory chain was identified as a possible sensitive target for this toxin. In addition, citrinin has an antifungal activity that also inhibits the growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. So far the precise mode of action and the subcellular targets for citrinin have not been identified. Therefore, we decided to use the model organism yeast for a genetic approach to identify genes that play a role in the sensitivity against this mycotoxin. A large collection of conditional respiratory deficient yeast mutants was screened for sensitivity against citrinin. One special pet-ts mutant was identified that exhibited a higher sensitivity against citrinin. The genetic system of yeast allowed the isolation of the respective wild-type gene. This yeast gene encodes the Vph2p subunit that is essential for the correct assembly of the vacuolar ATPase. Isolation of the mutated gene and gene-disruption experiments of VPH2 and the partially overlapping small YKL118W gene verified this finding. The wild-type VPH2 gene restores all defects of the mutants. In contrast to this, YKL118W gave no complementation and the null mutant showed no phenotype. Thereby the yeast vacuolar ATPase was found to be important for the toxic effect of citrinin in yeast cells. The consequences of this finding for the molecular mechanism of citrinin action and its relation to the mitochondrial respiratory chain are discussed.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1980

Susceptibility of Salmonella typhi to chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole.

Salmonella typhi isolated from the patients admitted to the Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Bangkok, were tested by the tube dilution method and the disc diffusion method against chloramphenicol, ampicillin and cotrimoxazole. Forty-five percent of the S.typhi were resistant to chloramphenicol (MIC greater than or equal to 50 microgram/ml) while 5% were resistant to ampicillin (MIC greater than or equal to 12.5 microgram/ml). Only 1% of the S. typhi was found to be resistant to cotrimoxazole (MIC greater than or equal to 168 microgram of trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole per ml.) Based on these results, the drug of choice for typhoid fever would be cotrimoxazole, especially when drug sensitivity test is not immediately available.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1980

[Standardization of the methods for determining microorganism sensitivity to antibiotics. Semiquantitative and quantitative evaluation of the results of the diffusion test].

On the basis of the literature data and experimental findings approaches are proposed for improving the agar diffusion method for determination of microbial sensitivity to antibiotics involving a semiquantitative or quantitative system for interpretation of the diffusion data obtained with the use of a new nutrient medium.

Agar↗