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PubMed1994

Optimisation of a screening procedure for house dust mite numbers in carpets and preliminary application to buildings.

The relative performances of the mobility and heat escape methods for measuring house dust mite numbers in carpet has been evaluated. The optimum method was found to be the mobility method for 24 hours at ambient temperatures which exhibited a mite collection efficiency of approximately 30%. Measurements in three dwellings showed that the method should be applied to carpet at several locations in the living room and/or bedrooms as a general sampling procedure, or adjacent to loungeroom seating to determine the worst case scenario. Carpets using different types of fibre within the same dwelling should be assessed separately. For the limited number of dwellings investigated, wool carpets were found to exhibit higher mite numbers than nylon carpets, even when the former had been insect-resist treated. No house dust mites were found in the wool carpets of an office building which was mechanically ventilated and heated and achieved low indoor humidities in winter.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Automated electrokinetic analysis; description and application in virology and cell biology.

The electrophoretic mobility (EPM) of selected macromolecules in solution was shown to be accurately determined using an automated electrokinetic analyzer, the PenKem S3000. In addition, the S3000 was used to monitor the effects of T4 phage infection on the EPM of Escherichia coli B. EPM, expressed as the ratio of velocity in microns/sec to field strength in V/cm, was measured for calf thymus DNA, for pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide serotype 3 (PCP-3), and for bovine serum albumin (BSA) unbound in solution; values of -3.05, -2.736 and -1.176, respectively, were obtained. The EPM of these macromolecules remained the same when they were bound to latex beads. The S3000 may therefore be suitable for measurement of the EPM of unbound macromolecules. The EPM of T4 phage in solution was measured to be -1.203. However, both the zwitterionic latex-bound T4 phage as well as T4 phage disrupted by ultrasonication exhibited an EPM of approximately -2.50, suggesting to us that binding to zwitterionic latex may cause release of phage DNA. The notion that phage DNA is responsible for the increased negative charge was supported by the observation that the EPM of E. coli B increased to the level of free DNA within 5 min when E. coli B (the host cell for phage T4) had been exposed to 10 phage particles per cell. Electronmicrographs of phage infected E. coli B cells showed numerous strands of free DNA at the bacterial surface. It is concluded that the S3000 not only measures the EPM of macromolecules in solution but that the instrument can be used also to monitor the behavior of the host cell surface in response to attachment of viral particles.

Autoanalysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of podophyllin resine on the mobility of langerhans cells (author's transl)].

The application of an alcoholic solution of podophyllin resin at concentrations above 10 p. 100 on guinea-pig udders, produces in epidemic Langerhans cells the same cytological effects as those by colchicine and vinca alcaloid in culture cells. The Langerhans cells are a suitable experimental model in vivo because of its easy ultrastructural identification, its migratory character and its preferential localization in epidermis.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

Effect of soil amendments on sorption and mobility of metribuzin in soils.

Metribuzin (4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4,5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1,2,4-triazin-5-one), is weakly sorbed to soil therefore, leaches easily to lower soil profiles. Soil amendments play a significant role in the management of leaching losses of pesticides. Therefore, present study reports the effect of organic manure and fly ash amendments on metribuzin downward mobility in sandy loam soil columns. Application of animal manure [T-1(OM) and T-2(OM)] and fly ash [T-1(FA) and T-2(FA)] at 2.5% and 5.0% levels increased the metribuzin retention in the soil. Freundlich constant [K(f)(1/n)] values of metribuzin for treatments T-1(OM) and T-2(OM) were 0.70 and 1.11, respectively, which were significantly higher than the value (0.27) in natural soil (T-0). The respective values for treatments T-1(FA) and T-2(FA) were 1.80 and 4.61. Downward mobility of metribuzin was studied in packed soil columns [300 mm (l)x59 mm (i.d.)]. Both the amendments significantly reduced the downward mobility of metribuzin and affected breakthrough time and maximum concentration of metribuzin in the leachate. Leaching losses of metribuzin were decreased from 97% in natural soil (T-0) column to 64% [T-1(OM)] and 42% [T-2(OM)] for animal manure-amended columns and 26% [T-1(FA)] to 100% [T-2(FA)] for fly ash-amended columns, as metribuzin did not leach out of 5% fly ash-amended column. Study indicates that both animal manure and fly ash were quite effective in reducing the downward mobility of metribuzin in packed soil columns of a sandy loam soil.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2000

Suture closure of femoral arterial puncture sites after coronary angioplasty followed by same-day discharge.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether immediate suture closure of 8F femoral arterial puncture sites can facilitate same-day discharge after coronary angioplasty. METHODS AND RESULTS: After coronary angioplasty, 100 patients were randomly assigned to immediate sheath removal with the double-suture Prostar-Plus device or delayed sheath removal with application of a c-clamp. After suture closure, mobilization at 4 hours after sheath removal and discharge 4 hours later were planned. Patients treated with the c-clamp had sheaths removed 4 hours after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, were mobilized 6 hours later, and discharged the following day. Patients were assessed for groin complications at 8, 24, and 72 hours. Overall, patients who received suture closure were mobilized at 7.1 +/- 5.3 hours and discharged 11. 15 +/- 6.22 hours after sheath removal versus 15.49 +/- 3.9 hours and 21.9 +/- 3.8 hours for patients with the c-clamp (P <.001). Initial failure of the suture device occurred in 5 patients, with 1 requiring surgery for an entrapped device. After the procedure, patients with suture closure more frequently had an ooze of blood (55% vs 24%, P <.001) and a trend to more overt external bleeding (10% vs 2%, P = not significant). Hematomas were reported by 20% of patients in both groups at 72 hours. Overall, patients preferred the suture closure method of sheath removal when assessed by a simple questionnaire. An economic analysis by cost minimization demonstrated potential hospital cost saving. CONCLUSIONS: Suture closure of 8F arterial puncture sites can facilitate early mobilization and same-day discharge and is considered acceptable by more patients compared with application of the c-clamp. There is potential to realize cost savings with a strategy of same-day discharge.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary↗

PubMed1995

Application of fluorescent dUTP on PCR and automated PCR product detection by using internal lane size standard.

A convenient, simple, cost effective and efficient fluorescent PCR labeling for automated detection was developed by using fluorescent deoxyuridine triphosphate-(F)dUTP without changing any PCR reaction parameters. Multiple fluorescent (F)dUTPs in a broad range of concentration were tested on PCR reaction and then titration tests for optimum sample loading amount with automated detection were done by using Genescan 672 software on ABI 373A DNA sequencer. PCR product were automaticaly detected although the sensitivity of each color was different. Colors of (F)dUTP and (F)dUTP/dTTP ratio showed a significant influence on the incorpration of (F)dUTP in PCR reaction, so consequently the ratio gave a great impact on the PCR product detection results. To much incorpration of (F)dUTP changed the PCR fragment mobility and also sizing value. The application of (F)dUTP should have a great potential on linkage studies, mapping with microsatellite and mutation detection.

Color↗

PubMed2004

Receptor model comparisons and wind direction analyses of volatile organic compounds and submicrometer particles in an arid, binational, urban air shed.

The relationship between continuous measurements of volatile organic compounds sources and particle number was evaluated at a Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station Network (PAMS) site located near the U.S.-Mexico Border in central El Paso, TX. Sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated using the multivariate receptor model UNMIX and the effective variance least squares receptor model known as Chemical Mass Balance (CMB, Version 8.0). As expected from PAMS measurements, overall findings from data screening as well as both receptor models confirmed that mobile sources were the major source of VOCs. Comparison of hourly source contribution estimates (SCEs) from the two receptor models revealed significant differences in motor vehicle exhaust and evaporative gasoline contributions. However, the motor vehicle exhaust contributions were highly correlated with each other. Motor vehicle exhaust was also correlated with the ultrafine and accumulation mode particle count, which suggests that motor vehicle exhaust is a source of these particles at the measurement site. Wind sector analyses were performed using the SCE and pollutant data to assess source location of VOCs, particle count, and criteria pollutants. Results from this study have application to source apportionment studies and mobile source emission control strategies that are ongoing in this air shed.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Fluctuation in the electric conductivity of lipid bilayers after one-sided application of polyene antibiotics].

It is shown that the fluctuation spectrum of the lipid bilayer conductance induced by one-sided application of polyene antibiotics has a profound l/f component with a magnitude being proportional to the single-channel conductance. The observed component is thought to be caused by the channel mobility increasing at one-sided polyene application in a comparison with two-sided application where a Lorentzian spectrum of fluctuations was found earlier.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗

PubMed2003

Mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in healthy volunteers by AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist.

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1/CXCL12) and its cognate receptor, CXCR4, play key regulatory roles in CD34+ cell trafficking. We investigated whether AMD3100, a selective CXCR4 antagonist, could mobilize hematopoietic progenitor cells from marrow to peripheral blood in healthy human volunteers. Initially, 10 persons each received a single dose of AMD3100 (80 microsubcutaneously), which induced rapid, generalized leukocytosis associated with an increase in peripheral blood CD34+ cells, representing pluripotent hematopoietic progenitors by in vitro colony-forming unit assays, from 3.8 +/- 0.5/microL to 20.7 +/- 3.5/microL at 6 hours. Subsequent dose-response studies showed a maximum increase in circulating CD34+ cells from 2.6 +/- 0.3/microL to 40.4 +/- 3.4/microL at 9 hours after 240 micro/kg AMD3100. Serial administration of AMD3100 (80 microg/kg/d for 3 days) resulted in consistent, reversible increases in peripheral blood CD34+ cells. AMD3100 was well tolerated and caused only mild, transient toxicity. These findings suggest potential clinical application of AMD3100 for CD34+ cell mobilization and collection for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Significance of mobile phase composition in enantioseparation of chiral drugs by HPLC on a cellulose-based chiral stationary phase.

Eight randomly selected pharmaceuticals, which included ibuprofen, ketoprofen, albuterol, acebutolol, propafenone, betaxolol, methylphenidate, and homatropine, were directly separated on a cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) chiral stationary phase (CSP) without derivatization via normal phase mode HPLC. Enantioresolution was achieved by the optimization of the type and the ratio of mobile phase modifiers and additives. The modifiers included alcohols; the mobile phase additives were trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and triethylamine (TEA). It was found that methanol and ethanol were superior to isopropanol as mobile phase modifiers for enhancing chiral separation of some of the chiral drugs. The results also demonstrated that TFA has a dominant effect on chiral separations for both acidic and basic chiral drugs, although for some basic drug such as homatropine, TEA was more beneficial at improving enantioseparation. The separation of acebutolol enantiomers was achieved for the first time by adding both TFA and TEA to the mobile phase. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the applicability of cellulose based CSPs can be expanded by controlling the mobile phase compositions through the addition of trace amounts of achiral additives and the selection of the appropriate alcoholic modifier.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMed2004

Minimum essential factors required for vesicle mobilization at hippocampal synapses.

Studies on the mechanisms that underlie the function of small central presynaptic terminals have been hampered by the inaccessibility of these synapses to soluble reagents. Here, we permeabilized hippocampal synapses in culture, manipulated their interior, and monitored the resulting changes in vesicle mobilization with the styryl dye FM2-10. Using this method, we found that 1 microm Ca2+ after incubation with GTP or GTP-gamma-S could mobilize approximately 90% of the total recycling pool, whereas 1 microm Ca2+ application after dialysis of permeabilized synapses with GDP-beta-S mobilized approximately 30% of the recycling vesicles, presumably corresponding to the readily releasable pool. In electron micrographs of permeabilized hippocampal synapses stimulated with 1 microm Ca2+, we could detect significant vesicle depletion after preincubation with GTP-gamma-S, whereas preincubation with GDP-beta-S left the total vesicle pool relatively intact. Taken together, in this system replenishment of the readily releasable pool by the reserve vesicles was strictly GTP dependent. In contrast, vesicle replenishment and release did not require ATP or N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF); however, this process involved formation of new soluble NSF-attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes as judged by its sensitivity to tetanus toxin. These results suggest that in hippocampal synapses, vesicle mobilization and replenishment of the readily releasable pool require GTP and Ca2+ but do not necessitate ATP-dependent priming and SNARE recycling.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Donor pretreatment using the aerosolized prostacyclin analogue iloprost optimizes post-ischemic function of non-heart beating donor lungs.

BACKGROUND: Ischemia-reperfusion injury accounts for one-third of early deaths after lung transplantation. To expand the limited donor pool, lung retrieval from non-heart beating donors (NHBD) has been introduced recently. However, because of potentially deleterious effects of warm ischemia on microvascular integrity, use of NHBD lungs is limited by short tolerable time periods before preservation. After intravenous prostanoids are routinely used to ameliorate reperfusion injury, the latest evidence suggests similar efficacy of inhaled prostacyclin. Therefore, the impact of donor pretreatment with the prostacyclin analogue iloprost on postischemic NHBD lung function and preservation quality was evaluated. METHODS: Asystolic pigs (5 per group) were ventilated for 180 minutes of warm ischemia (Group 2). In Group 3, 100 microg iloprost was aerosolized during the final 30 minutes of ventilation with a novel mobile ultrasonic nebulizer. Lungs were then retrogradely preserved with Perfadex and stored for 3 hours. After left lung transplantation and contralateral lung exclusion, hemodynamics, rO2/FiO2, and dynamic compliance were monitored for 6 hours and compared with sham-operated controls (Group 1). Pulmonary edema was determined both stereologically and by wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D). Statistics comprised analysis of variance with repeated measures and Mann-Whitney test. RESULTS: Flush preservation pressures, dynamic compliance, inspiratory pressures, and W/D were significantly superior in iloprost-treated lungs, and oxygenation and pulmonary hemodynamics were comparable between groups. Stereology revealed a trend toward lower intraalveolar edema formation in iloprost-treated lungs compared with untreated grafts. CONCLUSIONS: Alveolar deposition of Iloprost and NHBD lungs before preservation ameliorates postischemic edema and significantly improves lung compliance. This easily applicable innovation approach, which uses a mobile ultrasonic nebulizer, offers an important strategy for improvement of pulmonary preservation quality and might expand the pool of donor lungs.

Aerosols↗

PubMed2004

The two-pore domain K+ channel, TRESK, is activated by the cytoplasmic calcium signal through calcineurin.

Agonist-induced cytoplasmic calcium signals often have profound effects on the membrane potential during cellular activation. In the present study, we report that cytoplasmic calcium elevation can regulate the membrane potential by a novel mechanism. TRESK, a recently described member of the two-pore domain potassium (2PK(+)) channel family, was activated 5-15-fold after stimulation of various Ca(2+)-mobilizing receptors in Xenopus oocytes. Extracellular application of ionomycin, as well as the microinjection of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or calcium, also evoked TRESK activation, whereas microinjection of EGTA or pretreatment of the oocytes with thapsigargin prevented the receptor-mediated effect. These data indicate that TRESK is activated by increased cytoplasmic calcium concentration. However, application of Ca(2+) to inside-out membrane patches failed to influence TRESK single channel activity, suggesting that cytoplasmic factors are also required for the regulation. Cyclosporin A and FK506, specific inhibitors of the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase (calcineurin), completely eliminated TRESK activation. Coexpression of a constitutively active form of calcineurin with TRESK increased the basal background K(+) current and attenuated the response of the channel to the calcium signal, indicating that TRESK was activated by the permanent calcineurin activity. Serine 276 was identified as the major functional target of calcineurin in TRESK by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. This is the first example of calcineurin being involved in the regulation of a two-pore domain K(+) channel, and thus, TRESK channels may regulate the excitability of neurons and other cell types in response to Ca(2+)-mobilizing hormones and neurotransmitters in a manner that is sensitive to immunosuppressive drugs.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Physical fitness in persons with hemiparetic stroke.

In persons with hemiparetic stroke, assessment and promotion of fitness have so far received limited attention, partly because of the lack of appropriate measures applicable to them. Because these mobility-impaired persons are prone to inactivity, disuse and insulin resistance are likely to occur, and can aggravate the already significant health and economic consequences that stroke entails. It is therefore important to assess objectively their fitness to devize effective and efficient fitness promotion programs. Because of physical limitations, however, many persons with stroke cannot perform traditional stress testing using a treadmill or a cycle ergometer, and maximal oxygen consumption, which is regarded as a gold standard, is not a practical measure. In this article, we reviewed the current status of research on fitness in persons with hemiparetic stroke from the perspectives of evaluation, structure analysis of fitness, and longitudinal changes during a rehabilitation program. As a measure of fitness, indices obtainable with a submaximal exercise are proposed, such as anaerobic threshold and heart rate oxygen coefficient. Protocols applicable to persons with hemiparetic stroke with a variety of functional limitations have been developed (basic bedside activities, bridging activity, or single arm ergometry). The structure of their fitness is demonstrated to be described by a fitness model of healthy persons (cardiopulmonary, muscular and metabolic dimensions) if the paresis/activities of daily living dimension is added. Several studies suggest that fitness improves during a conventional stroke rehabilitation program. Studying the changes of the above four dimensions can help develop more effective fitness training programs.

Humans↗

PubMed2000

The thoratec ventricular assist device: a paracorporeal pump for treating acute and chronic heart failure.

The Thoratec Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) System (Thoratec Laboratories, Pleasanton, CA) is a paracorporeal pump that can provide univentricular or biventricular assistance for patients with heart failure. The system consists of a prosthetic ventricle that has a blood-pumping chamber of Thoralon (Thoratec Laboratories) polyurethane, cannulas for univentricular or biventricular support, and either a hospital-based pneumatic drive console or a portable battery-powered drive unit. For biventricular assistance, 2 pumps are used. The Thoratec voluntary registry indicates that, as of May 2000, this system had been implanted in 1,376 patients, mainly for bridging to transplantation (828 patients) or postcardiotomy support (195 patients); the remaining 353 patients received a hybrid configuration of the device or had incomplete information, so they are not included in this analysis. In the 828 bridge-to-transplant patients, the Thoratec system provided biventricular assistance in 472 cases, left ventricular assistance in 326 cases, and right ventricular assistance in 30 cases for up to 515 days. During the support period, the cardiac index increased significantly from 1.4 +/- 0.8 L/min/m2 to 3.0 +/- 0.5 L/min/m2 (with biventricular assistance and left ventricular cannulation). Sixty percent of the 828 patients underwent transplantation, and the posttransplant survival rate was 86%. In the 195 patients who needed postcardiotomy support, VADs were used for up to 80 days for cardiac recovery. Thirty-eight percent of the patients were weaned from the VAD, and 59% of the weaned group were discharged from the hospital. In addition, 49 postcardiotomy patients were considered for transplantation; of these, 32 received a transplant and 23 were discharged. Patient mobility is being improved by the use of a portable driver. The Thoratec VAD is suitable for a wide range of applications, and efforts are underway to facilitate patient mobility and allow hospital discharge. An intracorporeal version of the VAD, which is currently under development, will help achieve these goals.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Mobility of Zn, Cd and Pb in soils as affected by poultry litter extract--II. Redistribution among soil fractions.

The application of poultry litter to metal-contaminated soils may influence metal leaching and distribution of metals among soil fractions. Soil columns (one uncontaminated control, one metal-amended, and two metal-contaminated soils) were leached with H2O, CaCl2, EDTA, and poultry litter extract (PLE) solutions. After leaching, the soil samples in the columns were sequentially extracted for water soluble (WS), exchangeable (EXC), organic matter (OM), Mn oxide (MNO), amorphous Fe oxide (AFEO), crystalline Fe oxide (CFEO) and residual (RES) fractions. The OM fraction showed high retention for Zn from the PLE. The EDTA redistributed Zn, Cd and Pb from the EXC, OM and MNO fractions to the WS fraction. The PLE usually solubilized more Zn and Cd from the EXC fraction than CaCl2. Neither PLE nor CaCl2 mobilized Pb. The application of poultry litter on metal-contaminated soils might cause Zn and Cd redistribution from the EXC to the WS fraction and enhance metal mobility.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2005

Autologous transplantation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells improves critical limb ischemia in diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the application of autologous transplantation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) in the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) of diabetic patients and to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and feasibility of this novel therapeutic approach. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-eight diabetic patients with CLI were enrolled and randomized to either the transplant group or the control group. In the transplant group, the patients received subcutaneous injections of recombinant human G-CSF (600 microg/day) for 5 days to mobilize stem/progenitor cells, and their PBMNCs were collected and transplanted by multiple intramuscular injections into ischemic limbs. All of the patients were followed up after at least 3 months. RESULTS: At the end of the 3-month follow-up, the main manifestations, including lower limb pain and ulcers, were significantly improved in the patients of the transplant group. Their laser Doppler blood perfusion of lower limbs increased from 0.44 +/- 0.11 to 0.57 +/- 0.14 perfusion units (P < 0.001). Mean ankle-brachial pressure index increased from 0.50 +/- 0.21 to 0.63 +/- 0.25 (P < 0.001). A total of 14 of 18 limb ulcers (77.8%) of transplanted patients were completely healed after cell transplantation, whereas only 38.9% of limb ulcers (7 of 18) were healed in the control patients (P = 0.016 vs. the transplant group). No adverse effects specifically due to cell transplantation were observed, and no lower limb amputation occurred in the transplanted patients. In contrast, five control patients had to receive a lower limb amputation (P = 0.007, transplant vs. control group). Angiographic scores were significantly improved in the transplant group when compared with the control group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: These results provide pilot evidence indicating that the autologous transplantation of G-CSF-mobilized PBMNCs represents a simple, safe, effective, and novel therapeutic approach for diabetic CLI.

Aged↗

PubMed1997

Intracellular pH and calcium signalling in rat pancreatic acinar cells.

Intracellular free Ca2+ signals, which occur in many secretory cell types after the binding of some secretagogues to their membrane receptors, are due to Ca2+ mobilization from internal stores and Ca2+ influx from the extracellular space. There is also growing evidence for a modulatory role of intracellular pH in Ca2+ metabolism. In fact it has been proposed that Ca2+ stores in pancreatic acinar cells may be loaded by Ca2+/H+ exchange. The aim of this paper was to establish the effect of intracellular pH on Ca2+ signalling in pancreatic acinar cells. Application of the proton carrier nigericin impairs Ca2+ mobilization in response to cholecystokinin (CCK-8), and application of membrane-permeant bases or acids inhibits CCK-8-evoked intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. Both nigericin and a cell-permeant weak base release Ca2+ from internal stores. However, cytosolic acidification by removal of extracellular Na+ had no effect on the resting or stimulated cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. After depletion of Ca2+ stores by a maximal concentration of CCK-8, nigericin and ionomycin released a residual Ca2+ pool. Taken together, our results show that in pancreatic acinar cells Ca2+ signals require the existence of subcellular gradients of pH and indicate the presence of acidic pools of Ca2+.

Animals↗