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SODIUM restriction in control of ascites.
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The residues of malnutrition and starvation.
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PREVENT 1, a nationwide Swedish infant cohort for longitudinal gut microbiome profiling and early-life health outcomes: cohort profile.
PURPOSE: PREVENT 1 is a nationwide, prospective Swedish infant cohort established to characterise gut microbiome development during the first 2 years of life and to relate microbial trajectories to feeding, infections, growth and everyday well-being. The study integrates repeated infant stool sampling with shotgun metagenomics analysis with aligned parental questionnaires, stool photographs and infant cry recordings collected at three approximately 3-month intervals for each infant. PARTICIPANTS: Families were recruited nationwide in Sweden from September 2023 through targeted digital channels. Eligible participants were term-born infants residing in Sweden and aged <1 year at enrolment. Baseline questionnaire data and stool samples were collected from 253 infants. Parents completed questionnaires covering socio-demographic characteristics and health, pregnancy and delivery, postnatal factors, infant environment, feeding and growth, infections and other health outcomes, gastrointestinal symptoms and everyday well-being. FINDINGS TO DATE: Retention was high, with 248 families completing at least one follow-up questionnaire at Phase 2 and 243 at Phase 3. For stool samples, 250 infants provided at least two samples and 241 provided all three. At enrolment, 42.3% of infants were older than 7 months, 73.9% had weight-for-length z-scores in the normal range and exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months was reported for 58.9%. FUTURE PLANS: Three-phase sample and questionnaire data collection was completed in December 2024. Future analyses will examine microbiome features, resistome profiles and functional pathways in relation to antibiotic exposure, feeding, growth and infant health outcomes. Subject to ethical approval and participant consent, follow-up may include further stool collection and Swedish register linkage. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06285630.
Low-carbohydrate diet score subtypes and all-cause mortality in general and chronic disease populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.
OBJECTIVES: To examine associations of overall, healthy and unhealthy low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) scores with all-cause mortality in general and chronic disease populations. Healthy and unhealthy subtypes were compared with assess whether the observed associations depend on macronutrient quality rather than carbohydrate restriction alone. DESIGN: Systematic review and pairwise category meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, MEDLINE, ProQuest Medical Database and Web of Science Core Collection were searched from inception to 12 May 2026. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Prospective cohort studies of adults assessing LCD adherence using a validated three-macronutrient composite score and reporting HRs for all-cause mortality were eligible. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed study quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). Random-effects meta-analyses compared each higher reported LCD category with the lowest category, stratified by LCD score subtype and population type. Certainty of evidence was assessed using NutriGrade. RESULTS: 18 prospective cohort studies included 779 158 participants and 219 457 deaths; all scored 7-9/9 on the NOS. In chronic disease populations, the highest healthy LCD category was associated with lower mortality than the lowest category (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.69 to 0.76; I²=0%; high certainty), as was the highest overall LCD category (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.75 to 0.96; I²=68%; high certainty). In the general population, the highest healthy LCD category was not associated with lower mortality than the lowest category (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.01; I²=69%; moderate certainty), and neither was the highest overall LCD category (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.03; I²=87%; low certainty). Unhealthy LCD scores were not associated with mortality in either population. CONCLUSIONS: Healthy LCD adherence was associated with lower all-cause mortality, particularly among individuals with chronic diseases. Unhealthy LCD scores were not associated with mortality in either population, suggesting that macronutrient quality and source may matter more than carbohydrate reduction alone.
Factors influencing herd fertility in cattle.
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Compression of complete diets for horses.
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The physiological effects of a fat-deficient diet on the pig.
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The value of wood molasses as a feed for dairy cattle.
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Communications: a course for dietetic students.
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An interdisciplinary approach to introducing professionalism.
OBJECTIVE: To provide interdisciplinary structured activities in academic and clinical settings for introducing the concept of professionalism to health professions students. DESIGN: Undergraduate and graduate students from 8 health care disciplines including pharmacy, nursing, communication sciences and disorders, dietetics and nutrition science, genetic counseling, advanced medical imaging, medical technology, and physical therapy participated in an orientation program focusing on interdisciplinary health care and professionalism, as well as a field experience. ASSESSMENT: Survey results from both components (orientation, n = 284; field experience, n = 123) indicated that the project was valuable in increasing students' awareness of (1) the importance of professionalism in the clinical setting and (2) the potential contributions of their profession to the health care team. CONCLUSION: Health professions curricula should include interdisciplinary learning opportunities that enhance collaboration, collegiality, and professionalism among future members of the health care team.
Why diet the diabetic?
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A commentary on "Achieving Health for All: a Framework for Health Promotion".
In November 1986, the Minister of National Health and Welfare released a discussion paper called Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion. The aim of this document is to present a new vision for health in Canada and to propose health promotion as a process to improve health for all Canadians. A framework of health challenges, health promotion mechanisms and implementation strategies is presented as a model to guide health programs and policies. Achieving Health for All builds upon the concepts and principles of health and health promotion that have been developing in Canada and other countries over the last 10-15 years. This article reviews the strengths and limitations of the framework and suggests its use in conjunction with the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, which was released in November, 1986. Implications of the framework for The Canadian Dietetic Association and dietitian/nutritionists are also presented. Dietetic and nutrition professionals are challenged to become familiar with the concepts and principles of Achieving Health for All and to assume a leadership role in promoting food and nutrition programs and policies as part of this new vision for health for all Canadians.
Preweaning mortality in pigs. 4 Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in pigs.
The incidence of fatal gastroenteropathies in sucking pigs was studied during a 2-year period in 17 sow herds involving 2,936 litters. The results showed that 2.8 per cent of the liveborn pigs died with gastroenteropathies during the sucking and immediate post weaning period. The incidence was lowest in offspring from second-litter sows (Table I) and the progeny from large litters tended to have the highest incidence (Table II). Fatal gastrointestinal diseases were observed in a total of 17.6 per cent of the examined litters, and the average number of death per affected litter was 1.5 (Tables III and IV). The progeny of sows with post parturient diseases had significantly higher death losses than had the progeny from normal healthy sows (Table V). Climate had no apparent influence on death losses, but they were lowest during the warmer period of the year (April-September) (Tables VIII and VI.) The incidence varied considerably from herd to herd, but was not influenced by herd size (Table III). However, the level of hygiene exerted a pronounced influence on the incidence (Table VII), and self-contained herds had significantly lower death losses than had herds where female breeding stock was occasionally brought in (Table IX). Approximately 65 per cent of the pigs which succumbed due to gastrointestinal diseases died during the first week of life, which means that 1.8 per cent of the pigs at risk died during this period (Table X). The material was grouped according to the results of the post mortem and bacteriological examinations (Table XI). Approximately 50 per cent of the fatal cases were associated with an intestinal bacterial infection, which in most instances was caused by pathogenic strains of E. coli (Tables XII and XIII), while approximately 14 per cent had distinct gross pathological lesions which alone were indication of a diagnosis. In the remaining one third of the fatal cases the aetiology and pathogenesis remained by and large unexplained; however, nutritional and dietetic disorders played a role in many of these cases. Aetiological, epidemiological and pathological aspects of the fatal gastrointestinal diseases are discussed, and it is concluded that a high level of hygiene, the prevention and treatment of post parturient diseases, "closed" management systems, and the avoidance of unsuitable or damaged sow feed would be instrumental in keeping the level of fatal gastrointestinal diseases low among sucking pigs.
Phenylketonuria and maternal phenylketonuria.
Phenylketonuria is a genetic disease affecting 1:10,000 to 14,000 live births. In NSW there is an average of nine cases diagnosed each year (Dietitians Working Party 1996). This paper discusses the management of phenylketonuria, and in particular the value of breastfeeding, complemented with a low phenylalanine infant formula, in facilitating easier maintenance of satisfactory phenylalanine blood levels. The 'diet for life' approach to managing phenylketonuria is to avoid long-term neurological deficits and, in particular, the risk that maternal PKU, which is not under strict dietary control, will have adverse effects on infants born of mothers with the disease. There have been 31 successful pregnancies to 1997 managed by the Nutrition and Dietetics Department of The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney. The Maternal PKU diet is presented with the case of a client with phenylketonuria who has achieved two normal pregnancies and breastfed her second child for six months.
American Dietetic Association 2001 Food and Nutrition Conference. St Louis, Missouri, USA. October 20-23, 2001. Abstracts.
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