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PubMed1987

[Synthesis of new diheterocyclic derivatives of imidazole with antiparasitic activity].

A description is given of potential cyclic imidazoles such as 3,3-dichloro-2-methylenimino-acrylonitrile derived from nitro or non-nitro heterocycles, as well as the hydrazone, semicarbazone and arylpropenone derivatives of the 4-chloro-2-(5-nitro-2-thienyl) (V), 5-imidazole carboxaldehyde (IV) and the 5-bromothienyl analogue. The antiparasitic activity was tested in vitro against Trichomonas vaginalis and Entameba histolytica. Some of the nitro containing compounds showed trichomonacidal activity whereas one of the non-nitro compounds with potential imidazole structure showed clear amebacidal activity. This compound, 3,3-dichloro-2-methyleneimino acrylonitrile has anti-ameba activity comparable with that of metronidazole.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Thermal reactivity of some nitro- and nitroso-compounds derived from 1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane at contamination by ammonium nitrate.

Thermal reactivity of 3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DPT), 3,7-dinitroso-1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (DNPT), 1,3,5-trinitroso-1,3,5-triazinane (TMTA or R-salt), 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (hexogen or RDX), 1,5-diacetyl-3,7-dinitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (DADN), alpha-modification of the 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (octogen or HMX) and of their mixtures with 2wt.% of ammonium nitrate (AN) has been examined by means of non-isothermal differential thermal analysis. The resulting data were analyzed according to the Kissinger method. The reactivity was expressed as the E(a)R(-1) slopes of the Kissinger relationship. A relatively high reactivity has been found with mixtures of DPT and DNPT with AN. Electronic charges q(N) at nitrogen atoms in molecules of the compounds studied were calculated by means of ab initio DFT B3LYP/6-31G** method. The relationships were confirmed between the slopes E(a)R(-1) and the q(N) values for the nitrogen atoms primarily undergoing reaction. On the basis of these relationships it is stated that the destabilizing effect of AN is due to acidolytic attack of nitric acid (resulting from dissociation of ammonium nitrate) at the nitrogen atoms with the most negative q(N) values in the molecules of the compounds studied.

Alkanes↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of in vivo binding of aromatic nitro and amino compounds to rat hemoglobin.

The hemoglobin (Hb) binding of five nitroarenes, i.e. nitrobenzene (NB), 4-nitrobiphenyl (4-NBP), 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), 2-nitronaphthalene (2-NN) and 2-nitrofluorene (2-NF), and the corresponding amines, administered p.o. to male S.D. rats, was determined by HPLC, to evaluate the extent of in vivo reductive and oxidative activations of these compounds to N-hydroxylamines, which covalently bind to Hb to form acid-labile sulfinamides. Hb binding of the nitroarenes, except for NB, was significantly lower than that of the corresponding amines. Among the aromatic amines, 4-aminobiphenyl exhibited extremely high Hb binding. Hb binding of NB and 4-NBP decreased markedly after pretreatment with a mixture of antibiotics, but the binding of the others did not decrease appreciably. 1-Aminopyrene and 1-NP bound abundantly to plasma proteins, although the Hb binding was slight. Based on the Hb binding and the in vitro metabolism by liver microsomes and intestinal bacteria, the extent of in vivo reductive activation of nitroarenes is discussed.

Amines↗
PubMed1991

The antiplatelet effects of organic nitrates and related nitroso compounds in vitro and in vivo and their relevance to cardiovascular disorders.

Organic nitrates, cornerstones of antianginal therapy, are believed to exert their principal anti-ischemic benefit by relaxing vascular smooth muscle. Recent evidence suggests that these compounds and related nitro(so) vasodilators are also potent platelet inhibitors. In view of the well recognized role of thrombotic events mediated by platelets in acute coronary syndromes, the antiplatelet effect of nitrates may also be of mechanistic importance in the treatment of these disorders. This review details the biochemical mechanism by which nitro(so) compounds inhibit platelet function and summarizes the in vitro and in vivo evidence that supports their antithrombotic effects.

Angina, Unstable↗
PubMed2004

Effect of film thickness on the retention index of nitro and cyano compounds. Interpretation of the logarithmic equation.

Recently, a minimum was observed on the temperature dependence of retention indices in case of polar solutes chromatographed on apolar stationary phases. Physical significance is attributed to the equation constants describing the minimum. The equation constants are explained using a thermodynamic and a kinetic approach. Statistical properties of the models for different film thicknesses are compared. Chemical potential for one methylene unit is calculated in different ways for various film thicknesses and compared with literature values. The activation enthalpy attributed to the solvation process decreases as the carbon atom number (molecular mass) of the compounds decreases. The activation enthalpies for cyanoalkanes are always higher than those for the respective nitroalkanes. The interpretation of the equation constants does not change if the film thickness of the stationary phase increases (it is varied). This fact eliminates adsorption on the surface of the column wall from the possible causes responsible for the minimum on the retention index versus temperature curve.

Journal Article↗