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Results for “Object Attachment”

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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Influence of the maternal surrogate on pituitary-adrenal activity and behavior of infant squirrel monkeys.

Squirrel monkey infants reared on surrogates showed an increase in vocalizations, but no change in plasma cortisol levels when the surrogate was removed from the home cage for .5 hr. When the infant was exposed to novelty during separation, there was a further increase in vocalizations, as well as increases in movement and plasma cortisol. Placing the surrogate with the infant in the novel environment reduced the behavioral reaction and led to high levels of infant-surrogate contact; however, plasma cortisol levels were as high at .5 hr as when the infant was in the novel environment alone. With longer (2-4 hr) exposures to the novel room, cortisol elevations were attenuated by the presence of the surrogate. When the infant was alone, levels of cortisol, but not protest behavior, increased with length of exposure to the novel room. These results indicate that the physiological reaction to separation procedures in infant primates may not be safely inferred from behavioral responses, and, together with earlier findings, suggest a deficiency in the attachment of surrogate-reared infants.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Quantum transformation in trauma and treatment: traversing the crisis of healing change.

Three ideas are discussed from the vantage point of accelerated experiential dynamic psychotherapy (AEDP): Quantum changes operate not only in trauma, but also in healing; attachment plays a major role in whether fear or excitement is the response to novelty; experientially exploring the experience of transformation can itself lead to quantum change. Vignettes from an AEDP session show a patient's grappling with the startling novelty of experience that the transformational process, particularly when occurring in quantum leaps, evokes, and illustrate the phenomenology of cascading transformations. They illustrate how the therapist's emotional engagement and attachment orientation, experiential techniques, and metatherapeutic processing activate state transformations and entrain adaptive healing processes.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Principles of attachment theory in subjective life satisfaction and individual orientation to the future in advanced adulthood].

Attachment representation was assessed in 48 elderly people with an average age of 69 years. The adult attachment interview was used plus an additional question about wishes for the future. Coherent correlations with subjective life satisfaction and individual future perspective were demonstrated. Elderly participants with secure attachment representation were more satisfied, they were also less anxious, and more often positive about their future. If their adult children had secure attachment representation, they were reported by their elderly parents to be socially, emotionally, and materially more supportive. Attachment representation as a biographical variable is the result of developmental processes. Our findings show qualitative differences in attachment representation with clear consequences for lifestyles in advanced age. Perception and interpretation of environment, and the ability to integrate negative emotions into positive life perspectives is mainly a matter of social-emotional experiences with significant attachment figures.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Negative reactivity and attachment: Down syndrome's contribution to the attachment-temperament debate.

This longitudinal study investigated the relation between negative reactivity and attachment in children with Down syndrome (DS). Specifically, we examined whether extremely low negative reactivity is associated with the enactment and organization of attachment behaviors. To address this issue 30 infants with DS (13 female, 17 male) were observed in Ainsworth's Strange Situation at 19 and 27 months. The intensity and duration of distress reactions were coded in 15-s intervals throughout each Strange Situation episode. Children's distress intensity during separations from caregivers was used to place children into Low versus Moderate/High Negative Reactivity groups. In addition, ratings of infants' social interactive behaviors (contact maintenance, proximity seeking, distance interaction, resistance, and avoidance) were made for each episode and used to assess the quality of infants' attachment relationships. The data indicated that there are high rates of Type A and D insecure attachments within the DS population at each age studied. However, low negative reactivity was not consistently related to the activation of the attachment behavioral system, or associated with insecure attachment relationships. Alternative explanations for the high rate of insecure attachments are discussed.

Affect↗
PubMed1998

Preliminary results from a twin study of infant--caregiver attachment.

Two pilot studies were conducted. First, the validity of a measure of infant-caregiver attachment for twins was assessed. Sixteen twin pairs from the Louisville Twin Study (LTS) were assessed in the Strange Situation (SS) at ages 19 or 25 months. Concordance between the LTS procedure and the SS procedure for assessing attachment was 78.1%, significantly greater than chance. Second, twin similarity for attachment as measured by the LTS procedure was assessed. Videotapes of 34 MZ pairs and 26 DZ pairs at ages 18 and 24 months were rated in terms of attachment behavior. MZ concordance for attachment was 67.6%, significantly greater than the DZ concordance rate of 38.5%. Results are discussed in the context of current debate in attachment theory.

Caregivers↗
PubMed2001

Adult attachment and the transition to parenthood.

This study examined how a major life stressor--the transition to parenthood--affects marital satisfaction and functioning among persons with different attachment orientations. As hypothesized, the interaction between women's degree of attachment ambivalence and their perceptions of spousal support (assessed 6 weeks prior to childbirth) predicted systematic changes in men's and women's marital satisfaction and related factors over time (6 months postpartum). Specifically, if highly ambivalent (preoccupied) women entered parenthood perceiving lower levels of support from their husbands, they experienced declines in marital satisfaction. Women's ambivalence also predicted their own as well as their husbands' marital satisfaction and functioning concurrently. The degree of attachment avoidance did not significantly predict marital changes, although women's avoidance did correlate with some of the concurrent marital measures. These findings are discussed in terms of attachment theory.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2002

Parent-child therapy and maternal projections: tripartite psychotherapy--a new look.

Tripartite psychotherapy--where the mother and child are treated together by the therapist--is underutilized as a valuable form of child psychotherapy. Here, a preliminary discussion is based on clinical observations within a brief historical context. Illustrative case examples are offered to exemplify what actually occurs between the mother, child, and therapist in session. This treatment approach is traditionally applied to work with babies and very young children. A basic premise of classical tripartite therapy holds that the presence of the infant in treatment evokes strong transference phenomena in the parent, thus offering direct and immediate intervention within the mother-child relationship. Here, the author stretches the boundaries to extend the age range to older, latency-age children who, within the attachment relationship, may be enacting negative maternal projections.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The role of attachment in responses to victims of life crises.

Attachment effects on affect, cognitions, and behavior during an interaction with a confederate who purportedly had cancer and whose attachment orientation had been manipulated in a prior context were examined among 241 participants. Results supported theoretically derived predictions: Participant anxious attachment predicted anxiety, participant avoidant attachment predicted supportiveness, and participant avoidant attachment interacted with confederate avoidant attachment to predict rejection. Results suggest (a) the importance of attachment in predicting interpersonal responses in a nonromantic stressful context, (b) that anxious attachment is an important predictor of anxiety in a situation with implicit support demands, (c) that avoidant attachment is a potentially important predictor of the likelihood of supportive responses to victims, and (d) that attachment orientation can be successfully manipulated in experimental studies of attachment.

Adolescent↗