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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

An internal X-cell pseudotumor in a black croaker (Cheilotrema saturnum).

Cells closely resembling X-cells were the primary cellular component of a large pseudotumor in the viscera of a black croaker (Cheilotrema saturnum). The fish was captured in coastal waters off San Diego, California and was maintained at the Scripps Aquarium. After 2 years in captivity the fish exhibited extreme abdominal swelling due to a visceral mass, which weighed approximately one-fifth the total body weight. The cells associated with the pseudotumor were identified as X-cells due to their great variability in size, vesicular nuclei which stained negative for DNA and their formation of a pseudotumor. This is the first report of an X-cell pseudotumor in the visceral cavity. We agree with the hypothesis that the X-cell is a protozoan, and the description here of X-cells in a visceral pseudotumor in a fish of the family Sciaenidae associates an additional type of lesion with this enigmatic parasite.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

Histomoniasis and reticuloendotheliosis in a wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in North Carolina.

A moribund wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) died shortly after it was discovered in Martin County, North Carolina (USA). The 4.3-kg female turkey appeared in good condition with no visible external lesions or evidence of injury. There were 2- to 5-mm yellow-white plaques on the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and mid-esophagus. The liver had large, multifocal, irregular pale areas on cut and uncut surfaces. The spleen contained multifocal, pale, hard, nodules. Microscopic changes in the liver consisted of large multifocal coalescing areas of necrosis. Occasional spherical 10 to 15 microns in diameter organisms consistent with Histomonas meleagridis were present in the necrotic areas. Viable hepatic parenchyma contained multifocal infiltrations of numerous mononuclear cells interpreted as neoplastic cells resembling lymphoblasts and plasma cells. Similar neoplastic cell infiltrates, consistent with the lymphoproliferative disease reticuloendotheliosis, were present in spleen, lung, and esophageal and oral mucosa. Reticuloendotheliosis virus, subtype 2, was isolated from samples of liver and spleen.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

An epizootic of besnoitiosis in captive caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) and mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus).

Besnoitia sp. was diagnosed in two caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) which died of pneumonia at the Assiniboine Park Zoo (Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada) in 1983. During the following 3 yr besnoitiosis spread to an isolated herd of caribou, to mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) and to reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus). Reduction of exposure to biting insects appears to have reduced the transmission of besnoitiosis within the reindeer herd. The morbidity rate was approximately 82% in caribou and 67% in mule deer over the age of 2 mo. Most animals with clinical signs were euthanized; this precluded an estimation of the disease-related mortality rate. Twenty-eight caribou, 10 mule deer and three reindeer have been euthanized or died as a result of this epidemic. Attempts to artificially transmit the disease to potentially susceptible intermediate and definitive hosts were unsuccessful.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Internal parasites of giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) from Etosha National Park, Namibia.

During three seasonal periods, parasitological samples were collected from six giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis) in the Etosha National Park, Namibia. The helminths recovered included Parabronema skrjabini, Skrjabinema spp., Haemonchus mitchelli and Echinococcus sp. larvae; Cytauxzoon sp. was the only hematozoan found. The low mean abundances of all helminths which ranged from 18 to 531 may be attributed to the low rainfall of this region or because the giraffe is not a preferred host for these species of helminths.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Occurrence and seasonal transmission of hematozoa in wild turkeys.

The occurrence and seasonal patterns of transmission of the blood protozoa of wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) were studied at Tallahala Wildlife Management Area (TWMA) (Jasper County, Mississippi, USA). Blood smears obtained from wild turkeys in winter, spring and summer, and from sentinel domestic turkeys throughout the year were examined for Haemoproteus meleagridis and Leucocytozoon smithi. Whole blood from wild turkeys captured in summer was subinoculated into malaria-free domestic turkey poults and recipient birds were examined for Plasmodium spp. The prevalence of H. meleagridis and L. smithi were not different (P greater than 0.05) between adults and juveniles or between male and female turkeys in any season. Leucocytozoon smithi was not detected in poults in summer or in juveniles examined in winter. Sentinel studies and information from wild birds revealed that transmission of H. meleagridis and L. smithi did not overlap. Haemoproteus meleagridis was transmitted from May through November, while L. smithi was transmitted only from January through April. The onset of transmission of H. meleagridis coincided with peak hatching (mid-May) and brood-rearing (May-November) of turkey poults. Plasmodium spp. were not found in turkeys from TWMA (n = 27) nor in birds from three widely separated counties (n = 28) in Mississippi.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Blood parasites of blue grouse (Dendragapus Obscurus) in western North America.

Three hundred thirty-three blue grouse (Dendragapus obscurus) were examined for blood parasites from 11 sites: southern Yukon Territory, southeast coastal Alaska, northern and central interior British Columbia, south coastal British Columbia, northcentral Washington, southcentral Oregon, northwestern California, eastcentral Nevada, northwestern Colorado, and westcentral Montana. Three species of protozoan parasites (Leucocytozoon lovati, Haemoproteus mansoni, Trypanosoma avium) and a splendidofilariid nematode (Microfilaria sp. B) were found in nearly all locations. Prevalence levels were consistently high for L. lovati (92%). The other hematozoa were found less frequently (H. mansoni 29%; T. avium 46%; and microfilaria 29%). The range of these parasites in blue grouse was extended to a more northern (Yukon Territory) and more southern distribution (Nevada than previously reported. Ranges were also extended to blue grouse populations in Alaska, Washington, Oregon and California.

Alaska↗
PubMed1995

A new species of Chloromyxum (Myxozoa: Chloromyxidae) from the gall bladder of Eurycea spp. (Caudata: Plethodontidae) in North America.

A previously undescribed species of Chloromyxum (Myxozoa: Chloromyxidae) was found in plasmodia adhering to the epithelium of the gall bladders in salamanders of the genus Eurycea (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Arkansas and Texas (USA) in November, December, and January, 1987 to 1994. Bivalved spores of Chloromyxum salamandrae sp. n. from Eurycea multiplicata griseogaster (type host) were subspherical, with a mean size +/- SD of 8.3 +/- 0.3 x 7.7 +/- 0.4 (7.8 to 8.8 x 7.0 to 8.2) microns (n = 20), and had a shape index (length/width) of 1.07 +/- 0.03 (1.02 to 1.14). The valves measured 0.8 to 1.0 micron thick and had 10 to 12 external striations each. Each of the four polar capsules were piriform, with a mean size +/- SD of 4.0 +/- 0.1 x 2.6 +/- 0.1 (3.8 to 4.2 x 2.4 to 2.8) microns (n = 20), and there appeared to be about four coils of each polar filament. The sporoplasm was irregular in shape and appeared to be binucleate. Adherent plasmodia observed in winter months were small, with a mean size +/- SD of 31.5 +/- 6.3 x 24.9 +/- 2.6 (20 to 40 x 20 to 30) microns (n = 20), and contained zero to eight disporoblastic spores each. The myxozoan occurred in nine of 14 E. multiplicata griseogaster, three of eight E. multiplicata multiplicata, and two of 12 E. neotenes. This represents the first report of a Chloromyxum sp. from Amphibia in the Western hemisphere.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Hemosporid (Apicomplexa, Hematozoea, Hemosporida) community structure off pattern in wintering wild turkeys.

The hemosporid community of 76 wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) from South Carolina (USA) was examined using thin blood smears collected during January and February 1994. High prevalences and low abundances of hemosporids characterized this community. Leucocytozoon smithi and Haemoproteus meleagridis occurred in 100% and 54% of the turkeys, respectively; a Plasmodium sp. was found in one bird. Prevalence of H. meleagridis was significantly higher in juvenile turkeys than adults, but prevalences did not differ significantly among four trap sites or by host sex. Mean (+/- SE) intensities of L. smithi, H. meleagridis, and Plasmodium sp. were 3.4 +/- 0.4, 1.8 +/- 0.3, and 3.0 per 10,000 erythrocytes, respectively. Abundances of L. smithi, H. meleagridis, and Plasmodium sp. were 3.4 +/- 0.9 +/- 0.2, and < 0.1 +/- < 0.1 per 10,000 erythrocytes, respectively. Juvenile turkeys had higher rank abundance values of L. smithi than adults, whereas no differences were found among trap sites or between sexes. No differences in rank abundances of H. meleagridis were found among trap sites, host age, or host sex variables. Collectively, both common hemosporid species varied by host age, reflecting higher abundances in juvenile turkeys. patterns of hemosporid prevalence appeared similar to patterns found in subtropical regions. Based on our data, we recommend using prevalence and abundance data to analyze the structure and pattern of hemosporid communities at the component community level.

Analysis of Variance↗