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PubMed1983

Extensibility of the myofilaments in vertebrate skeletal muscle as revealed by stretching rigor muscle fibers.

The extensibility of the myofilaments in vertebrate skeletal muscle was studied by stretching glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle fibers in rigor state and examining the resulting extension of sarcomere structures under an electron microscope. Although stretches applied to rigor fibers produced a successive yielding of the weakest sarcomeres, the length of the remaining intact sarcomeres in many myofibrils was fairly uniform, being definitely longer than the sarcomeres in the control, nonstretched part of rigor fibers. The stretch-induced increase in sarcomere length was found to be taken up by the extension of the H zone and the I band, whereas the amount of overlap between the thick and thin filaments did not change appreciably with stretches of 10-20%. The thick filament extension in the H zone was localized in the bare regions, whereas the thin filament extension in the I band appeared to take place uniformly along the filament length. No marked increase in the Z-line width was observed even with stretches of 20-30%. These results clearly demonstrate the extensibility of the thick and thin filaments. The possible contribution of the myofilament compliance to the series elastic component (SEC) in vertebrate skeletal muscle fibers is discussed on the basis of the electron microscopic data and the force-extension curve of the SEC in rigor fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Ion-specific and general ionic effects on contraction of skinned fast-twitch skeletal muscle from the rabbit.

We used single fibers from rabbit psoas muscle, chemically skinned with Triton X-100 nonionic detergent, to determine the salts best suited for adjusting ionic strength of bathing solutions for skinned fibers. As criteria we measured maximal calcium-activated force (Fmax), fiber swelling estimated optically, and protein extraction from single fibers determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with ultrasensitive silver staining. All things considered, the best uni-univalent salt was potassium methanesulfonate, while a number of uni-divalent potassium salts of phosphocreatine, hexamethylenediamine N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid, sulfate, and succinate were equally acceptable. Using these salts, we determined that changes in Fmax correlated best with variations of ionic strength (1/2 sigma ci z2i, where ci is the concentration of ion i, and zi is its valence) rather than ionic equivalents (1/2 sigma ci magnitude of zi). Our data indicate that increased ionic strength per sc decreases Fmax, probably by destabilizing the cross-bridge structure in addition to increasing electrostatic shielding of actomyosin interactions.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Restoration of Ca2+-activated tension of CDTA-treated single skeletal muscle fibers by troponin C.

Single fibers from glycerinated rabbit psoas muscle were treated with a solution containing CDTA, a strong chelator of metal ions. The CDTA-treated fibers lost all of the troponin C and showed no Ca2+-activated tension development. The addition of troponin C restored the Ca2+-activated tension of CDTA-treated fibers. The tension-pCa relationship in the case of the CDTA-treated fibers reconstituted with troponin C was almost the same as that in the case of the same fibers before the CDTA treatment. These results are consistent with those of the previous study on the Ca2+-activated ATPase of CDTA-treated rabbit skeletal myofibrils.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Chloride currents across the membrane of mammalian skeletal muscle fibres.

1. Chloride currents through the membrane of rat psoas muscle fibre segments were investigated with a double Vaseline gap under conditions minimizing the currents of other ion species. 2. In Cl(-)-free solutions a time- and voltage-independent conductance of 1.1 +/- 0.4 microS was observed. 3. As with intact fibres, the steady-state Cl- conductance was 2.5 +/- 0.9 mS cm-2; the halide selectivity was Cl- > Br- > I-, and Cl- currents were completely blocked by 0.1 mM 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (9-AC). 4. Voltage steps from -85 mV to between -125 and +55 mV elicited currents with deactivation upon hyperpolarization and activation upon depolarization. Activation was fitted with two exponentials, the smaller time constant increasing from 37.5 ms at +55 mV to 67.0 ms at -5 mV, the larger time constant (450 ms) being independent of potentials more positive than -5 mV. The two deactivation time constants ranged between 30.6 (-105 mV) and 99.3 ms (-35 mV), and 139.4 (-105 mV) and 738.5 ms (-35 mV). 5. The activation curve was fitted with a Boltzmann distribution (half-maximum, -39 mV; slope at inflexion point, 1/17.2 mV). Deactivation was incomplete. At very negative potentials about one-quarter of the maximum number of channels were open. 6. When tested with 5 and 61 mM intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) the kinetic parameters were not different. 7. During depolarizations lasting > 5 s, activation was followed by a decline. With progressively longer prepulses going positive to the reversal potential and test pulses going negative, the responses to test and prepulses decreased with similar time constants, suggesting a real inactivation process.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Results of muscular x-ray computed tomography in 145 cases of neuromuscular disease].

CT Scan examination in 145 cases of neuromuscular diseases yielded the following results: Diagnosis between myogenic and neurogenic process is inconstant and cannot be considered as absolute. In myogenic diseases the X ray density of muscle is early decreased with a preservation of muscle outline. In neurogenic diseases muscle volume is early decreased. Coexistence of atrophic and hypertrophic muscles indicates primarily muscle disease. Some patterns of involvement appear to be frequent. In Duchenne's dystrophy a contrast exists between atrophic "empty" or hypertrophic muscles during the ambulatory period and "ghostly" muscles during the terminal period. In facio-scapulo-humeral muscular dystrophy, tibialis anterior and hamstring muscles have often a decreased density and psoas muscles are normal or hypertrophic. In myotonic dystrophy a hypodense perifemoral crescent is frequently observed. Diagnosis between limb-girdle myopathy ("empty" muscles with preserved limits, hypertrophic muscles, hypodense gastrocnemius medialis muscles) and chronic spinal amyotrophy (irregular and atrophic muscles without selective involvement and hypertrophic muscles) is tentatively proposed but is not considered to be clear-cut. Muscle involvement has an asymmetric distribution in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and is rather symmetric in peripheral neuropathies.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Myofilament sliding per ATP molecule in rabbit muscle fibres studied using laser flash photolysis of caged ATP.

1. To estimate the distance of myofilament sliding per ATP molecule hydrolysed during the actin-myosin interaction in muscle, single glycerinated fibres prepared from rabbit psoas muscle were made to shorten under very small external loads (< or = 0.0005 maximum isometric force (Po), at 20-22 degrees C) by the laser flash photolysis of caged ATP (P3-1-(2-nitro) phenylethyladenosine 5'-triphosphate), a biologically inert and photolabile precursor of ATP. The laser flash-induced fibre shortening was recorded with a high-speed video system at 200 frames s-1. 2. Following the photochemical release of 75-300 microM ATP, the fibres shortened uniformly along the fibre length not only at the level of fibre segments but also at the level of sarcomeres. The fibres did not shorten appreciably in response to 50 microM ATP. 3. The initial velocity of the laser flash-induced fibre shortening increased with increasing concentration of released ATP, being 0.05 +/- 0.01, 0.12 +/- 0.04, 0.23 +/- 0.04, 0.38 +/- 0.03 and 0.95 +/- 0.08 microns s-1 (half-sarcomere)-1 (means +/- S.E.M., n = 10) with 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 microM ATP, respectively. 4. The distance of the laser flash-induced fibre shortening also increased with increasing concentration of released ATP, being 10 +/- 2, 25 +/- 5, 65 +/- 7, 100 +/- 10 and 180 +/- 20 nm (half-sarcomere)-1 (means +/- S.E.M., n = 10) with 75, 100, 150, 200 and 300 microM ATP, respectively. 5. Comparison of the initial shortening velocities of the laser flash-induced shortening with the force-velocity relation of maximally Ca(2+)-activated fibres indicated the presence of considerable internal resistance against myofilament sliding following release of ATP. The initial velocity of shortening following the release of 300, 150 and 75 microM ATP was equal to the shortening velocity of maximally Ca(2+)-activated fibres under an external load of 0.55, 0.93 and 0.98 Po respectively. 6. These results suggest that, under nearly isometric conditions, the distance of myofilament sliding per ATP molecule hydrolysed is about 10 nm in each half-sarcomere.

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMedDate not supplied

CT of pseudohydronephrosis: hydroureter in a weight lifter.

A case of bilateral pseudohydronephrosis and hydroureter produced by markedly hypertrophied psoas muscles in a weight lifter is presented. Plain film and CT findings of the case are discussed together with the topographic anatomical explanation of the radiologic findings.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Computed tomography of the iliopsoas muscle.

Computed tomography (CT) is an ideal method for the imaging of the psoas muscle. The authors present 13 cases of patients with psoas abnormalities diagnosed by CT. The CT features of the different pathologic entities and comparison of CT with other imaging modalities are discussed.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

Femoral nerve palsy. An unusual complication of anterior lumbar interbody fusion.

SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Compression neuropathy of the femoral nerve has been reported as an uncommon complication of bleeding into the iliopsoas muscle. OBJECTIVE: The authors detected anatomic reasons of direct injury to the femoral nerve at the lower lumbar level. METHODS: Keeping the hip in extension during the course of carrying out anterior fusion on a previously failed posterior fusion was considered another causative factor of femoral nerve injury. Anatomical dissection confirmed the likelihood of this injury being produced in this situation. RESULTS: Femoral nerve traction and compression can occur after prolonged compression of the nerve within the psoas muscle stretched between an immobile lower lumbar spine and the lesser trochanter when the hip is kept in extension. In the patients described no other reasons for direct or indirect injury were identified. CONCLUSION: Although uncommon, the complication should be kept in mind. It can be avoided by intraoperative hip flexion.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1995

[The rectosigmoid pouch. The Mainz pouch II. Apropos of 73 cases].

The Mainz Pouch II, a low pressure rectosigmoid réservoir for urine is created without any bowel anastomosis. Antimesenteric opening of the intestine at the rectosigmoid junction and subsequent wide-to-side anastomosis are performed. Without the risque of damaging the mesentery blood supply, the pouch is fixed at the area of the pomontory or the psoas muscle to avoid the kinking of the ureteres and consecutive dilatation of the upper tract.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Nocardia farcinica as the causative agent in a primary psoas abscess in a previously healthy cattle inspector.

A 42-year-old, previously healthy cattle inspector presented with a 7-day history of fever, a painful left knee, malaise and muscular pain. He did not suffer from an underlying disease, nor was he immunocompromised. After 12 days of hospitalization, a unilocular abscess in the left psoas muscle was diagnosed. Nocardia farcinica was isolated from the aspirate. No connection with his work could be demonstrated. The patient was successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for 11 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Relationship of spinal fracture to bone density, textural, and anthropometric parameters.

To investigate risk factors for spinal fracture, we studied the relationship between the prevalence of asymptomatic spinal fracture and various morphological measures including spinal bone mineral density (BMD) in women. A total of 122 women ranging in age from 55 to 79 years were studied. The group consisted of 46 women aged 55-59 years (18 with fracture), 51 women aged 60-69 years (26 with fracture), and 26 women aged 70-79 years (14 with fracture). BMD of cortical and trabecular bone from L1 to L3 was measured using quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Run-length analysis was applied to evaluate the spinal trabecular textural features using CT images; the texture indices which represent the mean width of trabecular (the T-texture) and that of intertrabecular spaces (the I-texture) were obtained. Anthropometric factors including body weight and height, psoas muscle area, and vertebral bone volume were measured using CT images. Among the various factors, trabecular BMD in women aged 55-69 years showed the highest odds ratio for the presence of fracture per standard deviation (SD) decrease in bone density. However, in women aged 70-79 years, the highest odds ratio was observed for trabecular texture index but not for trabecular BMD. The I-texture in women aged 55-59 years, the muscle area in women aged 60-69 years, and cortical BMD and muscle area in women aged 70-79 years were also considered significantly related to the risk of fracture.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1995

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the pelvic origin: a case report.

A case of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) originating from the pelvic cavity is reported. The patient, a 4-month-old girl, was referred to our department for the examination and treatment of her left abdominal mass. As radiological studies strongly suggested the possibility of a malignant tumor of muscular origin, tumor extirpation was performed. The tumor was buried in the left psoas muscle. Histological examination showed the tumor consisted of polygonal cells containing small vacuoles with scattered Touton giant cells, and the diagnosis of JXG was made. To our knowledge, this is the first case of a pelvic JXG.

Female↗
PubMed1993

[The urological complications of anticoagulant therapy].

Patients on anticoagulant therapy may develop urologic complications, the most common being hematuria. Other less common but more severe complications are spontaneous hemorrhage arising from urological structures, as spontaneous perirenal hematoma, or from extra-urological structures, such as the iliac psoas muscle or the anterior rectus abdominis muscle. We report on four patients on anticoagulant therapy for different reasons, with no previous history of trauma, who suddenly developed spontaneous bleeding with urologic consequences: spontaneous perirenal hematoma (2), hematoma of the iliac muscle (1) and the anterior rectus abdominis muscle (1). The diagnostic strategy, the usefulness of the different imaging techniques and our approach to these complications are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Diffusion as a mechanism of postmortem drug redistribution: an experimental study in rats.

In some cases of drug overdose there is a reservoir of unabsorbed drug in the stomach and gut. Furthermore, agonal aspiration might establish a second reservoir in the lungs. Two experimental rat models were used to study if diffusion from these reservoirs could contribute to the phenomenon of postmortem drug redistribution. Overnight fasted rats were sacrificed by CO2 and 75 mg of amitriptyline (AMI) was administered by a gastric tube. In the first series (n = 19), the tubes were removed after AMI administration. In the second series (n = 17), the trachea was ligated and cut prior to drug administration to prevent airways contamination. The rats were left at room temperature on their back for a period of 5, 10, 24, 48, 96 up to 192 h and samples of heart blood, blood from the inferior vena cava, tissue samples from heart, lungs, different liver lobes, kidney and psoas muscle were taken. In both series of rats we observed that as early as 5 h postmortem increasing concentrations of amitriptyline were found in the liver lobes lying closest to the stomach. In rats where the trachea was not ligated, drug contamination of the lungs also resulted in an increase in drug concentration within 5 h in heart blood and heart muscle. In rats where the trachea had been ligated, amitriptyline was found in the lungs after 96 h postmortem. The main metabolite nortriptyline was also detected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Amitriptyline↗
PubMed1977

Glycogen complexes in muscle in Reye's syndrome simulating virus-like particles.

Crystalline arrays of virus-like particles were present in the psoas muscle in six of eight autopsied cases of Reye's syndrome. These structures were concentrated in the perinuclear regions of peripheral muscle nuclei and were less abundant about the triad regions. The particles were stained by histochemical techniques for glycogen, and digestion with diastase resulted in removal of particles from these crystalline lattices. Virus-like particles were also present in crystalline arrays in psoas, quadriceps, and diaphragm muscles in six of eight autopsied cases of children and adults who died of diverse diseases. These configurations of glycogen in muscle appear to occur with the same frequency in various unrelated diseases and may be a cytochemical response to the generalized stress of disease. Recognition of their specific nature is important in differentiating them from viruses, especially in diseases of uncertain etiology.

Child↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroblastoma with muscular localization: description of a case].

An unusual case of abdominal neuroblastoma, whose extension involved the psoas muscle, leading to an ultrasonographic and Magnetic Resonance imaging simulating an haematoma, is described. Histology disclosed the malignant nature of the muscle mass. The Authors discuss the value of the new imaging techniques and in particular of Magnetic Resonance in the diagnostic work-up of paediatric malignancies.

3-Iodobenzylguanidine↗