SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Pinus”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMed2005

[Studies on chemical constituents of Pinus armandii].

AIM: To study chemical constituents from pine cone of Pinus armandii Franch. METHODS: The constituents were isolated by chromatographic method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis. RESULTS: Four compounds were identified as 7-oxo-12alpha, 13beta-dihydroxyabiet-8(14)-en18-oic acid (I), 7-oxo-13beta-hydroxyabiet-8 (14)-en-18-oic acid (II), 8 (14)-podocarpen-13-on-18-oic acid (III) and lambertianic acid (IV). CONCLUSION: Compound I is a new diterpenoid and compounds II, III were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Carboxylic Acids↗

PubMed2005

An AFLP-based linkage map of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora) using haploid DNA samples of megagametophytes from a single maternal tree.

We have constructed an AFLP-based linkage map of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Siebold et Zucc.) using haploid DNA samples of 96 megagametophytes from a single maternal tree, selection clone Kyungbuk 4. Twenty-eight primer pairs generated a total of 5,780 AFLP fragments. Five hundreds and thirteen fragments were verified as genetic markers with two alleles by their Mendelian segregation. At the linkage criteria LOD 4.0 and maximum recombination fraction 0.25(theta), a total of 152 markers constituted 25 framework maps for 19 major linkage groups. The maps spanned a total length of 2,341 cM with an average framework marker spacing of 18.4 cM. The estimated genome size was 2,662 cM. With an assumption of equal marker density, 82.2% of the estimated genome would be within 10 cM of one of the 230 linked markers, and 68.1% would be within 10 cM of one of the 152 framework markers. We evaluated map completeness in terms of LOD value, marker density, genome length, and map coverage. The resulting map will provide crucial information for future genomic studies of the Japanese red pine, in particular for QTL mapping of economically important breeding target traits.

Base Sequence↗

PubMed2005

Larvicidal and mosquito repellent activities of Pine (Pinus longifolia, family: Pinaceae) oil.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Various plant-based products are safe and biodegradable alternatives to synthetic chemicals for use against mosquitoes. Oil of Pinus longifolia is traditionally used for protection against mosquitoes in some rural areas but there is no documented report of its use against mosquitoes. The present study was undertaken to scientifically evaluate the activity of Pine oil against mosquitoes. METHODS: The oil was procured from the market and its contents were chemically analysed. Larvicidal activity of oil was tested in laboratory bioassays, while repellent action was studied during whole night bait collections in field by direct application on the skin and after its impregnation on mats. RESULTS: Results showed varying degree of larvicidal activity of Pine oil against mosquitoes with LC50 values ranging between 82 and 112 ppm. The Pine oil had strong repellent action against mosquitoes as it provided 100% protection against Anopheles culicifacies for 11 h and 97% protection against Culex quinquefasciatus for nine hours respectively. Electrically heated mats prepared from Pine oil provided, 94 and 88% protection against An. culicifacies and Cx. quinquefasciatus for 10 and seven hours respectively. INTERPRETAION AND CONCLUSION: Pine oil is effective against mosquito larvae at very higher doses which are not of any practical utility. However, Pine oil showed strong repellent action against An. culicifacies (malaria vector) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (pest mosquito). Thus its use could be popularised as mosquito repellent.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

The harmful effects of air pollutants around the Yenikoy thermal power plant on architecture of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) needles.

The influence of air pollutants on the architecture of Calabrian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) needles was examined in polluted and control forest sites around the Yeniköy thermal power plant (YTPP) in Muğla, Turkey. The aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that air pollutants emitted from the YTPP cause the dilation of resin canal diameter on the cross-sections of Calabrian pine needles. For this, the anatomical and morphological anomalies on the cross-sections of Calabrian pine needles were examined. It was determined that the air pollutants caused resin canal dilation and epidermis/hypodermis layers slimming on the cross-sections of Calabrian pine needles. It was also observed that the endodermis layer, the transfusion tissue cells had deformed, and the intra-cellular material had disappeared in the inner side of the cells. At the end of the land researches carried out around the YTPP, visible injury was observed and the ends of needles had withered, so the two and three-year old needles fell very early. Leak of resin on the surface of the needles especially in extensive dusty areas appeared. 0.217-0.423 mg/cm(2) fly ash on the needle surfaces in these areas were obtained. By means of the elemental analysis, it was found out that fly ash had some toxic elements on plants.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed2005

[Allozyme polymorphism of Swiss stone pine Pinus cembra L. in mountainous populations of the Alps and the Eastern Carpathians].

Swiss stone pine Pinus cembra L. is a species with fragmented range, occurring in the Alpine-East Carpathian mountain system. Seeds of P. cembra are dispersed by nutcrackers, which offers potential possibilities for gene exchange among populations. Using isozyme analysis, we have examined five samples from two parts of the Swiss stone pine range: the Alps (Switzerland and Austria) and the Carpathians (two samples from the northern macroslope of the Gorgany Ridge, Eastern Carpathians, Ivano-Frankovsk oblast and one sample from Trans-Carpathian oblast of Ukraine). The allele frequencies of 30 isozyme loci, coding for enzymes ADH, FDH, FEST, GDH, GOT, IDH, LAP, MNR, MDH, PEPCA, 6PGD, PGI, PGM, SDH, SKDH, SOD, were analyzed using cluster analysis and methods of principal components. Two clusters, corresponding to the isolated Alpine and Carpathian parts of the range, were found. The main contribution to these differences were made by loci Adh-1, Adh-2, Fest-2, Lap-3, Mdh-4, and Sod-4. The interpopulation differentiation proved to be somewhat higher than that typical for pines (F(ST) = 7.4%), but within the limits characteristic for taxonomically close species. Thus, isolation of the populations did not lead to their marked differentiation, which may be explained by gene flow and balancing selection, which equalizes gene frequencies across the fragmented species area. Interlocus F(ST) heterogeneity (from 0.003 to 0.173) suggests adaptive significance of some of the allozyme polymorphisms or linkage of some loci with adaptive genes. The Carpathian populations were shown to have higher gene diversity than the Alpine ones (expected heterozygosities 0.095-0.114 and 0.060-0.080, respectively). A deficit of heterozygotes (as compared to the Hardy-Weinberg proportions), observed in the embryo sample, was probably explained by inbreeding. The reduction in the area of Carpathian pine forests in Holocene, caused by the global climatic changes and the anthropogenic impact, is hazardous for the gene pool of the species. The maintenance of genetic uniqueness of both Carpathian populations of P. cembra in general, and individual stands in particular, requires special measures for protection of Swiss stone pine in the Eastern Carpathians.

Environment↗

PubMed2006

[Age dynamics of genetic variation in an isolated population of chalk pine Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea Kalenicz. ex Kom. from Donbass].

Based on analysis of variation at ten allozyme loci in three age groups (25-35, 40-80, and more than 100 years of age) of plants and in seed embryos, demographic dynamics of the gene pools was studied in a small (60.5 ha) isolated relict population of chalk pine Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea Kalenicz. ex Kom. from the steppe zone of Ukraine. The observed grenotype proportions in these tree groups were shown to fit Hardy-Weinberg expectations, while in the embryos of their seeds, an excess of homozygotes was observed at five to nine loci. The mean observed heterozygosity in the sample of old (> 100 years of age) trees (H(O) = 0.225) was substantially lower than in trees of the two other age groups (H(O) = 0.307; 0.311), but significantly higher than in the corresponding embryo samples (H(O) = 0.183-0.207). No allele and genotype heterogeneity of the maternal trees and embryos of their seeds was found. However, heterogeneity was high when the progeny of trees of different ages, particularly in pairs with old trees, were compared.

Alleles↗

PubMed2006

[Genetic structure, subdivision, and population differentiation in Stankewiczii pine Pinus stankewiczii (Sukacz.) Fomin from Mountain Crimea].

In order to analyze the genetic structure, subdivision and differentiation within and between two small isolated populations of the Crimea relict endemic, Pinus stankewiczii (Sukacz.) Fomin, electrophoretic analysis of the isozyme variation at nine enzymatic systems was carried out using 183 oldest trees. It was demonstrated that in populations of P. stankewiczii, 80% of the genes were in polymorphic state. Each tree was heterozygous at 19.1% loci, and at 21.6% loci in artificial 50-year-old plantation. The genetic structure of two populations was less differentiated (DN = 0.006), compared to their individual localities (DN = 0.008-0.009). Within-population subdivision of the diffusely dispersed populations was higher (FST-GST = 1.8-2.0%) than that of the populations themselves (0.8%).

Alleles↗

PubMed2006

[Soil carbon cycle of Pinus tabulaeformis forest in Huoditang forest region of Qinling Mountains].

With soil carbon cycle compartment model,this paper studied the carbon storage and flux of each carbon compartment of soil under Pinus tabulaeformis, a main forest type in the Huoditang forest region of Qinling Mountain. The results showed that the storage of soil organic carbon was 146.071 t x hm(-2), with 130.366 t x hm(-2) in mineral soil layer and 12.626 t x hm(-2) in litter layer. The storage was lower than the average value of forest soils in China and of oak Sharptooth forest soil in Huoditang, but higher than that of the soils under temperate coniferous forest and tropical forest. The annual carbon input into litter layer was 5.939 t x hm(-2), with 56.9% from above-ground litter and 43.1% from underground dead roots, while that into mineral soil layer via humic acid was 2. 034 t x hm(-2). The annual amount of carbon released from the respiration of P. zabulaeformis forest-soil system was 14. 012 t x hm(-2), with litter layer, mineral soil layer, dead root system, and live root system occupied 15.7%, 14.5%, 11.7% and 58.1%, respectively.

Carbon↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative analysis of genetic heterogeneity of seed progenies in the isolated population of Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea Kalenicz. ex Kom. in Donbass].

The article provides the analysis of the maintenance stability of genetic structure of generatively young and middle-aged trees in seed progenies formed during two years in Donbass population of Pinus sylvestris var. cretacea Kalenicz. ex Kom. protected in Ukraine. The analysis has been carried out at 10 allozyme loci. Allele and genotype diversity of the trees is reproduced annually in seed progenies in spite of the low values of outcrossing coefficient (ts = 0,371-0,687; tm = 0,731-0,790) and significant excess of homozygotes in the embryos. Genetic structure fluctuations are observed in embryos and in the pool of paternal gametes in seed progenies of different years.

Alleles↗

PubMed2006

[Efficient plant regeneration in vitro in Pinus massoniana L].

Pinus massoniana L. is one of the important trees for afforestation in South China. The efficient system of plant regeneration from mature zygotic embryos and seedlings of masson pine was established in this study. The influences of basal media, hormones and methods for buds induction, shoots elongation and rooting were studied. The results indicate that DCR medium with 0.5 mg/L BA and 0.05 mg/L IBA shows the highest differentiation rate of adventitious buds. Induction and multiplication of axillary buds take aseptic seedlings as explants. KT has better effect than BA on the axillary buds induction. The best axillary buds induction medium is DCR medium supplemented with 1 mg/L KT and 0.2 mg/L IBA. After culturing on GD medium with 0.1 mg/L BA and 0.2 mg/L IBA for elongation, the buds were transferred on the 1/2 GD medium with 2 mg/L IBA and 0.05 mg/L BA for adventitious roots induction. Paraffin slice indicates that the adventitious buds developed from the meristematic tissue of cotyledonary epicuticula.

Culture Media↗

PubMed2006

Proteomic technique used in studying ovule development of Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.).

Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) is one of the most important afforestation and ornamental species in China. Ovule abortion is a serious problem influencing the output of seeds and reproduction of Chinese pine. So it is of much significance to study the mechanisms of ovule development and abortion of Chinese pine. By combining two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and mass spectrometry analysis, the patterns of gene expression in a specific tissue at a specific stage can be displayed and characterized. This study acquired an appropriate protein extraction method from ovules of Chinese pine and optimized the conditions for protein identification by mass spectrometry.

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional↗

PubMed2006

[Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Monochamus alternatus to the volatiles from Pinus thunbergii with different physiological status].

The volatiles from healthy and pinewood nematode-infested branches of Pinus thunbergii were collected by distillation, and analyzed by using HPLC and GC-MS. Electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral responses of Monochamus alternatus with different physiological status to the volatiles were investigated respectively. The results showed that unmated beetle had a greater EAG response potential to the volatiles from healthy branch than to those from infested branch, while it was reverse for mated beetle. The EAG response of unmated beetle under 15 days-old to the volatiles from healthy branch increased with its age. "Y" tube olfactory test showed unmated beetle had positive response to the volatiles from healthy branch and negative response to those from infested branch, while mated beetle showed positive response to the volatiles from infested branch and negative response to those from healthy branch. Female beetle with its age from 1 day to 15 days-old and male beetle from 1 day to 9 days-old had an increasing positive response to the volatiles from healthy branch, but the male after 9 days-old showed a negative response. It could be concluded that M. alternatus with different physiological status all had special sensitivity and selectivity to host tree.

Animals↗

PubMed2006

[Rhizosphere effects of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica on soil phosphorus transformation].

To understand the phosphorus (P) mobilization mechanism of Mongolian pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) on a P-deficient semi-arid sandy soil of northern China, this paper compared the P fractions and acid phosphomonoesterase (AP) activity in the bulk and rhizosphere soils under different age Mongolian pine plantations. The results showed that when compared with the bulk soil, the organic C, labile organic P, and organic C/P ratio increased significantly, microbial and AP activities improved, and organic P mineralization accelerated in the rhizosphere soil. Root activity of the Mongolian pine significantly increased the bioavailability of soil P, and accelerated the shift of organic P and Ca-P to Fe-P and Al-P. The rhizosphere effects on soil P in different forms enhanced with stand age, whereas in adverse on AP activity. The bulk and rhizosphere soil had the similar trend in the dynamics of its P fractions with stand age. Soil total P pool reduced gradually while labile P pool increased with stand age. It should be essential to protect forest floor to replenish soil P pool and guarantee a long-term soil P supply.

Ecosystem↗

PubMed2006

[Dynamics of allozyme heterozygosity in Siberian dwarf pine Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel populations of the Russian Far East: comparison of embryos and maternal plants].

Siberian dwarf pine, or Japanese stone pine, Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel is widespread in eastern Siberia and the Russian Far East; the species is bird-dispersed and has a unique spreading or shrub living form. A mixed mating system (predominant outcrossing with self-pollination and matings of close relatives) leads to the formation of partly inbred progenies in P. pumila, as in the majority of other conifers. The question arises as to whether inbred individuals persist in the reproductive part of a population, which can have negative genetic consequences. The ADH, FDH, FEST, GDH, GOT, IDH, LAP, MNR, MDH, PEPCA, 6-PGD, PGI, PGM, SKDH, and SOD isozyme systems were analyzed to study the dynamics of heterozygosity in four P. pumila natural populations from the Pacific region, optimal for the species. Samples were collected in northern Koryakia, southern Kamchatka (two samples), and the Kunashir Island (Kurils). Wright's fixation index was used to estimate the level of inbreeding in embryos from dormant seeds resulting from free pollination and in maternal plants. A substantial level of inbreeding (F(IS) = 0.124-0.342) was observed in the embryo samples but not in three out of the four adult samples. The inbreeding level at the reproductive age was high only in the sample from Koryakia, which was explained by a relatively young age of plants in the population frequently affected by fires. A general increase in heterozygosity, characteristic of other conifers as well, was attributed to elimination of inbred progenies and by balancing selection for heterozygotes, which is a key factor maintaining allozyme polymorphism in populations.

Breeding↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Larvae culture of ovine gastrintestinal nematodes in sawdust substrates of Pinus taeda, P. elliottii and Araucaria angustifolia].

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of sawdust substrates obtained from wood treated with sodium tribromophenate and not treated of Pinus elliotti, P. taeda, and Araucaria angustifolia in larval cultures of ovine gastrintestinal helminths. Feces samples were collected between 8 to 12am, from a lamb naturally infected with gastrintestinal nematodes and analysed by the modified Mc Master technique for worm egg counting (epg). Six groups of 20g of feces were prepared. Each group received 5g of one of the sawdust substrates and 5ml of distilled water. The material has been processed, identified and taken to a climatized chamber with a temperature of 27 +/- 1 degrees C, relative humidity above 70%, and in escotophase for seven days. The third stage larvae were recovered by the Baermann technique after four hours of sedimentation for the counting and identification of one hundred larvae per treatment. For each treatment were realized 10 repetitions. The average of EPG of Strongylida Order was 630. The average of the larvae number obtained in 20 grams of feces and the percentage of recovery in the different substrates based on the EPG was: P. taeda treated, 2719 (22.66%) and not treated, 2353 (20.08%); P. elliotti treated, 3069 (22.48%) and not treated, 3181 (24.54%); A. angustifolia treated, 2370 (18.73%) and not treated, 3361 (26.75%). There was no statistic difference in 5% level of significance between the averages and the number of larvae in the different substrates.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Embryo resorptions in mice induced by diterpene resin acids of Pinus ponderosa needles.

Ingestion of hexane extract of Pinus ponderosa needles causes reproductive failure in mice during the early stages of gestation. Virgin mice of the ICR strain were mated with males of proven fertility. The day the copulatory plug was observed was designated day 1 of gestation. Hexane extracts were administered daily via stomach tube at various concentrations and for various feeding periods. Implantation sites were stained by injections of pontamine sky blue dye on day 8 of gestation, fifteen minutes before sacrifice by cervical dislocation. Embryonic resorptions were observed in the uterus. The active components of the hexane extracts were isolated and identified as a mixture of diterpene resin acids. The diterpene resin acids are pimaric, isopimaric, sandaracopimaric, palustric/levopimaric, abietic, dehydroabietic and neoabietic acid.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The genetic effect in Pinus sylvestris L. populations of the eastern Urals radioactive trace from the control area of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station and from the region of the nuclear device tests at the Semipalatinsk proving grounds].

The method of isoenzyme electrophoresis was used for comparative evaluation of genetical effects in populations of Pinus sylvestris L. growing in Kyshtym region (east Urals), the Chernobyl accident zone and in the region of Semipalatinsk nuclear tests (Altai). It was shown that mutation frequencies for allozyme loci are ranged as follows: Ural > Altai > Chernobyl.

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel↗

PubMed1994

Coaction of blue light and light absorbed by phytochrome in control of glutamine synthetase gene expression in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings.

The level of plastidic glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) in the cotyledonary whorl of the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedling was previously reported to be regulated by light. In the present paper we report on the control by light of the GS transcript level. A full-length GS cDNA clone of Scots pine was isolated (pGS1), sequenced and employed to measure GS transcript levels. Using dichromatic light treatments it was found that the transcript level is regulated by phytochrome. The strong specific effect of blue light is to be attributed to an increase of the responsiveness to phytochrome. Since no direct correlation between the transcript level and the rate of GS protein synthesis was observed, it was concluded that GS gene expression is only coarsely regulated at the level of transcript accumulation. Synthesis of GS protein is by itself light-dependent (light-mediated fine tuning of gene expression). This control at the translational level is also exerted via phytochrome with blue light determining the responsiveness of the process toward phytochrome. If the level of the far-red absorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr) is kept very low, blue light is not capable of bringing about synthesis of GS protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗