PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Prostatic Neoplasms”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Aspects of MR image distortions in radiotherapy treatment planning.

BACKGROUND: Registration of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images are commonly performed to define the different target regions used in radiotherapy treatment planning (RTTP). The accuracy of target definition will then depend on the spatial accuracy of the CT and MR data, and on the technique used to register the images. CT images are usually regarded as geometrically correct, while MR images are known to suffer from geometric distortion. The aim of this paper is to discuss the possible impact of MR image distortions in the radiotherapy treatment planning process. METHODS: The origin, magnitude, and relative impact of the different sources of geometric distortions that affect the MR image data at different magnetic fields and for different acquisition settings are described. Techniques for distortion correction are reviewed, and their limitations are outlined. The sensitivity of image registration techniques to the presence of geometric distortions in the MR data is discussed. Finally, an overview of image registration techniques used and results obtained in clinical radiotherapy treatment planning applications is given. RESULTS: Spatial distortions in MR images vary with field strength and with the image acquisition protocol. The spatial accuracy generally decreases with distance from the magnet isocenter. Distortion correction techniques based on phantom evaluations cannot adequately model patient-induced distortions. CONCLUSION: Image protocols with high gradient bandwidths should be used to reduce the spatial distortions in MR images. Correction techniques based only on phantom measurements could be sufficient at low magnetic fields, while at higher fields additional corrections of patient-related distortions might be needed. Registration techniques based on matching of Landmark points located far from the magnet isocenter are especially prone to MR distortions.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

[Future cancer incidents in Germany].

The future as well as the past development of cancer incidents in Germany is of continuous importance for health policy. Cancer incidence data observed over more than 20 years are analysed by log-linear models with polynomial trend components. The estimated trend models are used for a trend extrapolation until the year 2020. Since cancer registration in Germany is not complete yet and does not cover the whole area of the country national incidences are estimated by the data of the existing complete regional cancer registries. In this way it can be assessed that the number of new cancer diseases increased from 270,000 cases in 1980 to 420,000 cases in 2002. Extrapolating the trends and taking into account the demographic prognosis of the German Federal Statistical Office 570,000 (version 1) or 590,000 (version 9) annual cancer cases are predicted for the year 2020. From 1980 to 2002 a decrease of cancer mortality was observed. If this trend continues until 2020, the number of deaths caused by cancer would decrease from 209,000 in 2002 to 153,000 (or 158,000) in 2020, although the number of cancer cases are predicted to increase. Assuming constant mortality rates the number of deaths caused by cancer would be much higher.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[MR imaging of prostate cancer].

PURPOSE: Accurate diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer (PC) is developing into an important health care issue in light of the high incidence of PC and the improvements in stage-adapted therapy. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview on the current role of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy in the diagnosis and staging of PC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Pertinent literature was searched and evaluated to collect information on current clinical indications, study techniques, diagnostic value, and limitations of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy. RESULTS: Major indications for MR imaging of patients with suspected PC are to define tumor location before biopsy when clinical or TRUS findings are inconclusive, and to provide accurate staging of histologically proven PC to ascertain effective therapy. Current MR imaging techniques for the evaluation of PC include multiplanar high-resolution T2-weighted FSE and T1-weighted SE sequences using combined endorectal and phased-array coils. Using these techniques, the reported accuracy of MR imaging for the diagnosis of extracapsular tumor extension ranges between 82 and 88% with sensitivities between 80 and 95%, and specificities between 82 and 93%. Typical MR findings of PC in different stages of disease, as well as diagnostic problems, such as chronic prostatitis, biopsy-related hemorrhage and therapy-related changes of prostatic tissue are discussed. In addition, the current perspectives and limitations of MR spectroscopy in PC are summarized. CONCLUSIONS: Current MR imaging techniques provide important diagnostic information in the pretherapeutic workup of PC including a high staging accuracy, and is superior to TRUS.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2003

[The value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer].

The value of ultrasound (US) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer has increased in importance in the past decade, which is mainly related due to the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men. The value of conventional gray-scale US for prostate cancer detection has been extensively investigated. The introduction of US contrast agents has dramatically changed the role of US for prostate cancer detection. Advances in US techniques were introduced to further increase the role of US contrast agents. Although most of these advances in US techniques, which use the interaction of the contrast agent with the transmitted US waves are very sensitive for the detection of microbubbles, are mostly unexplored, in particular for prostate applications. First reports of contrast-enhanced US investigations of blood flow of the prostate have shown that contrast-enhanced US adds important information to the conventional US technique. We present a critical evaluation of the current status of transrectal US imaging for prostate cancer detection. Furthermore, we give background information on US contrast agents and imaging modalities. Early results of contrast-enhanced US suggest the feasibility of the use of US contrast agents to enhance US imaging of the prostate. The application of US contrast agents for the detection and clinical staging of prostate cancer is promising. However, future clinical trials will be needed to determine the promise of contrast-enhanced US of the prostate evolves into clinical application.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation of nodal metastases.

We report our experience with percutaneous image-guided radiofrequency (RF) ablation to treat isolated nodal metastases. Four patients underwent image-guided percutaneous RF ablation of metastatic disease involving retrocrural nodes, retroperitoneal nodes, or pelvic nodes. Coagulation necrosis was achieved in all cases.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

[Regression of germ cell tumors after chemotherapy].

Today the treatment of gonadal germ cell tumors is standardized. The cisplatin containing chemotherapy and the multi-modal therapy strategies have increased the rate of successful treatment enormously. Germ cell tumors are almost always treated surgically. Following the rare, primary chemotherapy, the residual tumor must be classified according to the WHO as accurately as possible. A binding system for the documentation of tumor regression does not exist. The diagnostic retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is also rare. Here as well, the classification is performed according to the WHO and the TNM classification. The examination of the tissue samples from a retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy after chemotherapy is problematic. The morphology is often bizarre, preparatory and terminological standards do not exist. Is there still vital tumor present then it can most often be diagnosed as a teratoma. In that case a classification takes place as to whether it is "mature" or "immature". If a tissue sample contains other differentiations, the classification is performed in detail according to the WHO classification of germ cell tumors. Sarcomas or carcinomas must be reliably distinguished and classified, as they lead to different therapeutic consequences. The terminology must be defined in a binding manner between both the pathology and the clinic, due to the lack of global definitions.

Cell Differentiation↗
PubMed2006

Prostate biopsy in the supine position in a standard 1.5-T scanner under real time MR-imaging control using a MR-compatible endorectal biopsy device.

Thirty-seven consecutive patients with elevated PSA levels and negative tumor prostate biopsies underwent a MR-guided prostate biopsy in a 1.5-T scanner in the supine position. After localization of suspected tumor areas using an endorectal coil and two body-phased array coils, the biopsy device was positioned without any repositioning of the patient. The biopsy device consisted of a mount, a ball joint, a positioning stage and an insertion stage with a needle guide, which was filled with a MR-visible fluid to control positioning of the needle using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence (TrueFISP) and a high-resolution turbo spin echo (T2-TSE) sequence. Core biopsies were taken manually in the magnet. The biopsy needle could be correctly positioned in all cases. Suspected lesions with a diameter > or =10 mm could be successfully punctured. Four to nine (mean = 6) biopsies were taken per patient. In 14 patients, prostate cancer was confirmed at histology. Twenty-four biopsies positive for cancer were performed in 14 patients. A correct correlation was found between the site of biopsy and histology. MR-guided prostate biopsy can be effective in increasing primary positive tumor biopsy results in patients with a history of negative tumor TRUS-guided prostate biopsies.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2000

MR imaging features of pelvic mucinous carcinomas.

Mucinous carcinomas in the pelvis differ from non-mucinous tumors because of the differences in clinical outcome and imaging appearance. Mucinous rectal carcinomas, for example, are to be higher in stage at the time of the diagnosis because they are more likely to be infiltrative and show a greater tendency for recurrence. These factors may lead to a poorer prognosis in patients with the mucinous as compared with non-mucinous carcinomas. Mucinous carcinomas of all types typically show high signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images, and therefore mimic other conditions such as necrotic tumors, fluid collections, cysts, or liver hemangiomas. To familiarize readers with the MRI appearance, and to avoid pitfalls, this paper illustrates the MRI features of the mucinous adenocarcinomas in various pelvic organs.

Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous↗
PubMed2002

An overview of holistic medicine and complementary and alternative medicine for the prevention and treatment of BPH, prostatitis, and prostate cancer.

An accumulating body of scientific evidence supports the notion that a holistic outlook on health and life and complementary and alternative medicine health practices can promote wellness and prevent and treat prostate disease. This overview explores some of the fundamental philosophical, diagnostic, and therapeutic differences between conventional and holistic medicine, and discusses how to integrate evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, holistic medicine, and conventional medicine for the prevention and treatment of prostate disease.

Complementary Therapies↗
PubMed2003

Epidemiology of prostatitis: new evidence for a world-wide problem.

We review new data on the epidemiology of chronic prostatitis. These population-based studies used reasonable case-definitions to survey various populations from North America, Europe and Asia. Overall, 2-10% of adult men suffer from symptoms compatible with chronic prostatitis at any time and approximately 15% of men suffer from symptoms of prostatitis at some point in their lives. Other epidemiologic data suggest that chronic prostatitis may be associated with an increased risk for development of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. These data suggest that chronic prostatitis is an important international health care problem that merits increased priority from clinicians and researchers.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The relationship between threat appraisal and social constraints in cancer survivors and their spouses.

: Social constraints stem from unsupportive social environments and are associated with reluctance to discuss stressor-related thoughts and feelings. Support deterioration and erosion models provide a framework for explaining how a cancer patient's threat appraisal contributes to a spouse's inadvertent constraint on the patient's emotional expression. Also, based on social comparison theory and the convoy model, a discrepancy in threat appraisal between patient and spouse may create social constraints. Contrary to social cognitive processing theories, we hypothesized that threat appraisals may be an antecedent of social constraints, rather than a consequence. Cancer patients (n=75) and their spouses (n=75) completed questionnaires assessing cancer-related threat appraisals and perceived spousal social constraints at two time points. Cross-lagged panel design results suggested that patient appraisal precedes and predicts patients' perception of social constraints. However, patient and spouse appraisals did not significantly interact in predicting spousal constraints. Limitations and implications are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Does asymptomatic inflammation increase PSA? A histopathological study comparing benign and malignant tissue biopsy specimens.

AIM: To determine the effect of inflammation on postage-specific antigen (PSA) levels in patients who were performed transrectal ultrasonography (TRUSG) guided prostate biopsy because of high PSA levels. MATERIALS AND METHOD: 376 tissue specimens of 47 patients with BPH and 176 tissue specimens of 22 patients with prostate adenocancer were analysed histopathologically. Digital rectal examination, TRUSG, and PSA measurements were performed to all the patients before biopsy. Sextant biopsy was performed. Two pathologists examined all the biopsy specimens in blinded fashion. Inflammation pattern was categorized as glandular, periglandular, stromal and perivascular and intensity of inflammation graded from 1 to 3. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 66.2 years. The mean serum PSA level of the initial biopsy was 8.7 ng/ml in the BPH and 13.4 ng/ml in the prostate Ca. No relation was found between the serum total PSA levels and prostate volume or patient's age in BPH patients (P = 0.258). In BPH patients stromal, periglandular, glandular inflammations did not increase PSA levels. Perivascular inflammation increased PSA levels significantly. CONCLUSION: The inflammation in perivascular field increases serum PSA levels (P = 0.007). Although high serum PSA levels shows correlation with cancer in biopsy, there is no such significant relation with rebiopsy results and PSA levels at last studies. Because of this, these patients' biopsy samples must be reinspected for infection findings and atipic biopsy or high grade PIN. The result of our study showed that histological perivascular infection within the prostatic gland is a significant factor to serum PSA levels in BPH. If you have negative biopsy sample, pathology must indicate the place of the infection. Follow up of this patient and rebiopsy time are decided according to the result of this negative biopsy sample.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Relationship between serum prostate specific antigen and the pattern of inflammation in both benign and malignant prostatic disease in Middle Eastern men.

To determine the effect of prostatitis on serum prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis of prostate cancer in Middle Eastern men, H&E-stained sections of all consecutive prostate specimens were reviewed for diagnosis (malignant or benign) and pattern of inflammation. Inflammation was categorized into acute, active chronic and chronic inactive and graded semi-quantitatively according to previously published criteria. Results were correlated with serum PSA obtained from patients' records. Of 513 prostate specimens reviewed; 435 (84.8%) were benign and 78 (15.2%) were malignant. Chronic inactive prostatitis was present in 259 (204 benign, 55 malignant) and active chronic prostatitis in 221 (204 benign, 17 malignant). Acute prostatitis alone was not observed and prostatitis was absent in 33 (27 benign, 6 malignant). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of inactive chronic prostatitis between benign and malignant specimens (p < 0.071), but active chronic prostatitis was more prevalent in benign specimens (p < 0.001). Increasing serum PSA was observed for increasing grades of both inactive and active chronic prostatitis in both benign and malignant disease. Prostate cancer showed higher serum PSA levels than benign, at different cut-off points (4 ng/ml = p < 0.0001; 8 ng/ml = p < 0.0001; 12 ng/ml = p < 0.0001). However, significant numbers of patients with benign prostate biopsies presented with PSA above 12 ng/ml (82/260 = 32%). We conclude that active chronic prostatitis is common in Middle Eastern men with benign prostatic disease and a significant number of these present with very high PSA levels, some over 300 ng/ml.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

A hypothesis: the role of a high-risk male in the etiology of cervical carcinoma: a correlation of epidemiology and molecular biology.

Certain impressive epidemiological evidence appearing in the last few years leads to the conclusion that some males are more prone to have a spouse with squamous cancer of the cervix than others. Advances in knowledge in other fields, especially at the molecular biological level, enable speculation on reasons for this curious conclusion. These readily testable theories, together with an outline of the evidence on which they rest, form the substance of this hypothesis.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell↗