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Results for “Reproductive Period”

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PubMed2004

[The influence of fertility and idiopatic bowel disease: a summary].

Idiopatic bowel diseases parallels the female reproductive period, therefore it's been examined the influence of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis on pregnancy and of pregnancy on disease itself. There are many questions about the effects of the disease on fertility, course of pregnancy, influence of fetus and other factors related to puerperium. Many factors of the disease, pharmacological therapy and surgical interventions are associated with the disease. Psychological aspects are also included.

Colitis, Ulcerative↗

PubMed2005

[Enterococcus faecalis in vaginal smear of women who have been treated with antibiotics].

This investigation had an aim to establish the incidence of Enterococcus faecalis in vaginal smears and its correlation with antibiotics used for the treatment of genital and extragenital diseases, as well. By this prospective study 300 women in reproductive period have been involved. An average age was 34.5 years and 282 of them are married. They have been divided in 4 groups, 75 in every group. First group consisted women who have not been treated by an antibiotic in last 6 months; second group--women who have been treated due to infections of genital tract; third group--women were treated for unspecific colpitis and last one group were women treated for extragenital infections. A special designated questionnaire has been used to collect data from patients. A vaginal smears for microbiology examination has been taken at the Gynecological Clinic and Clinic for Infective diseases of The University Clinical Center Tuzla from patients of group I, II and IV and at the Outpatient Clinic from patients of group III. Enterococcus faecalis has been found in 112 patients (37.33%); in first group in 13 (17.33%) cases, in second group in 26 (34.66%), in third group 39 (52%), and in last group in 34 (45.33%) patients, which significantly different. Investigation on sensitivity showed a minimal sensitivity on Penicillin and Streptomycin and no resistance on Vancomycin. In conclusion, it could be said that Enterococcus faecalis was found in 17.33% patients who has not been treated by antibiotics and in 44% who used antibiotics, which differ significantly (p<0.01).

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Comparison of low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive pills and expectant management in treatment of functional ovarian cysts.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of low-dose monophasic oral contraceptive pills in the treatment of spontaneously occurring functional ovarian cyst detected by ultrasonography compared with expectant management. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A total of 70 women in their reproductive period with functional ovarian cysts detected by means of ultrasonography were randomized to low-dose monophasic Oral Contraceptive pills (OC) or to expectant management and followed up at one month with a second ultrasonography. If the ovarian cysts were still present, the women were followed for another month while on the same treatment. RESULTS: At the first month, the remission rates of ovarian cyst were 63.6% in low-dose monophasic OC and 52.9% in expectant groups. At the second month, the cumulative remission rates increased up to 72.7% in low-dose monophasic OC and 67.6% in expectant groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at both the first and second month of treatment. The most common side effect in women using OC was acne (18%). CONCLUSION: Low-dose monophasic OC were no more effective than expectant management in the treatment of spontaneously occurring functional ovarian cysts.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

The prevalence and the age at the onset of menopause in Turkish women in rural area.

OBJECTIVE: To find out the prevalence of natural menopause among Turkish women according to age and certain demographic variables in a specific rural area. METHODS: This cross sectional study was carried out in Silivri district of Istanbul, Turkey between January and May 2000. Included in the study were 845 women between the ages of 30-60 years, not undergoing any hormonal replacement, living in the villages of Silivri district, Istanbul, Turkey. The participants were asked for their ages, level of education, number of pregnancies, age at menarche, presence of menstruation, age at the onset of menopause, physical activity outside home and the use of oral contraceptives. Females declaring at least one year of amenorrhea were accepted as being in menopause. RESULTS: The median age for menopause was 47 years. Of the total 845 participants, 326 women were found to be in natural menopause. The prevalence of menopause was estimated as 8.6% for females younger than 40 years, 31.8% for females between the ages 40-45 years and 80.9% among females older than 45 years. Any of the variables questioned in our study have an effect on premature onset of menopause, but we found that never been pregnant (p=0.037, odd ratio (OR)=2.221, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.048, 4.707) reduces the reproductive period, and the age at menarche younger than 13 prevents early menopause (p=0.000, OR=0.336, 95% CI=0.195, 0.579). Furthermore, both lead to early onset of menopause. Hazard ratios of the variables that have an effect on the onset of early menopause are calculated as 2:10 (95% CI=1.01, 4.39) for those who were never been pregnant and 1:10 for those with the menarche ages over 13 years (95% CI=0.68, 1.78). CONCLUSION: There was a noticeably high percentage of females (8.6%) younger than 40 years who were entering menopause. On the other hand, an early onset of natural menopause among Turkish women living in this rural area was found to be associated with never been pregnant and their age of menarche.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding for the mature form of a specific androgen dependent epididymal protein.

During its reproductive period, the epididymis of the lizard Lacerta vivipara produces large amount of proteins among which "L" proteins are very prominent components. L proteins have been characterized as an androgen dependent protein family composed of 9 elements of identical MW and different pHi. An epididymal cDNA library was performed and a cDNA clone, C73 was isolated using a specific anti L immunoserum. We tested the tissue specificity and the androgen dependency of this clone in different physiological and experimental conditions by dot-blot analysis. The aminoacid deduced sequence of the C73 clone revealed that it strictly corresponds to the NH2 terminal sequence of the LIV element of the family. It consists of a 151 amino acids mature protein with a 17.2 kDa MW that present homologies with a rat epididymal protein supposed to be a retinoic acid binding protein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗

PubMed1991

[Endogenous risk factors for bladder neoplasms in women].

A case-control study was performed to evaluate hormonal status in 154 female patients with bladder cancer and 213 healthy women. Cancer patients were characterized by shorter reproductive period and miscarriage, absence of gestation, endometrial and breast cancer and ovarian cysts in the past history. Evaluation of tryptophan metabolism in 131 male and 111 female patients with bladder cancer showed the occurrence of a carcinogenic metabolite--3-oxyanthranilic acid--in the urine to be higher in women. Blood hormone levels were measured in 55 female patients and 49 healthy women by radioimmunoassay. Decreased levels of progesterone and estradiol as well as of hormones potentiating their production (folitropin and lutropin) were the most frequent hormonal disorders encountered.

3-Hydroxyanthranilic Acid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Glycogen synthetase and fructose diphosphatase activity in the tussues of mollusks (Mytilus galloprovincialis) and crustacenas (Balanus improvisus, Carcinus maenas)].

The level of the activity of the enzymes studied is rather similar in all the species investigated, being the highest in muscles and gills. Seasonal changes in the activity of the enzymes in mussel tissues are closely related to reproductive periods and reflect changes in the level of glycogen synthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Rejectability of virus-induced tumors and nonrejectability of spontaneous tumors: a lesson in contrasts.

In contrast to the excellent surveillance against tumors induced by the ubiquitous viruses in their natural host species, spontaneous tumors developing naturally, without experimental interference, evoke little or no rejection reaction. This may be viewed in relation to the natural history of tumors. In most cases, tumors evolve in several steps, with a successful of clonal variants following each other, characterized by increasing independence of host regulations (including immune restrictions). This process is commonly designated as tumor progression. In all probability, selection for nonrejectability is part of this process. Selection of the host for rejecting capacity is unlikely to play any major role, since the overwhelming majority of the naturally occurring tumors arise after the host has passed the peak of its reproductive period. The nonrejectability of spontaneous tumors may be overcome by target-cell modification, e.g., by chemical coupling, somatic cell hybridization, or viral xenogenization. Furthermore, genetic analysis of the F1 resistance effect in relation to seemingly nonrejectable tumors may reveal the existence of specific immune-response (Ir) genes that can influence the recognition of tumor-associated membrane changes by the host immune system.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Practical observations of the use of the contraceptive preparation Anteovin].

The authors describe their observations on the usage of the Hungarian biphasic contraceptive preparation Anteovin. 398 cycles of 42 women are follow-up. On the basis of the observations and subjective evaluation of the patients, the authors conclude that the preparation is well tolerated and is reliable, but is especially suitable for administration in women at the end of their reproductive period as well as in nonparous young women.

Adult↗

PubMed1990

[Aedes albopictus in Italy and possible diffusion of the species into the Mediterranean area].

Aedes albopictus (Skuse), the important Asian vector mosquito recently introduced in United States and Brazil, is reported from Genoa, North Italy. The infestation was discovered in a kindergarten pre-school center in September 1990 just after the summer holidays. Many discarded tires, well known to provide excellent breeding places for Ae albopictus, had been left in the school playground to be used as toys by the children. After sampling a few biting mosquito specimens for identification, the local health service carried out on September 18 an extensive indoor/outdoor treatment with pyrethroid insecticide. The extent of the infestation in the city of Genoa and in other areas of the Ligurian region has not been evaluated since the identification of the species was available in October, at the end of Ae albopictus reproductive period. A general survey in various Italian regions is being planned for the 1991 spring-summer period. The present record, together with the previous report of Ae albopictus in Albania, clearly supports the hypothesis of a spreading of the species in the Mediterranean area.

Aedes↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Oral contraceptive and trisomy 21. A retrospective study of 730 cases (author's transl)].

A retrospective study of 730 cases of trisomy 21 and of 1 035 cases of abnormal children without a detectable chromosomal aberration, allows the study of the frequency of use of oral contraceptives by their mothers. The statistical analysis shows no notable differences for mothers 30 years old and younger. Among the mothers 30 to 38 years old, there is an excess of pill-taking by mothers of trisomy 21 children. For this second category of mothers (30 to 38 years) this excess is significant (a) when the delay between the cessation of pill-taking and the conception of the child is six months or less ; (b) when the duration of pill-taking has been longer than one year ; and (c), when those two factors are present simultaneously. Moreover, the frequency of males is significantly reduced in trisomy 21 children when their mother have taken the pill. As a whole, for the subsample of mothers 30 and older, a correlation is observed between the three factors analysed, pill-taking, sex ratio, and trisomy 21. In view of the fact that decrease of the sex ratio and the increase of the frequency of trisomy 21 both are correlated with maternal aging in the general population, it seems remarkable that a correlation between these two variables and the use of oral contraceptives is observed only when the women had already passed the first half of their reproduction period.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1986

[In vitro translation of RNA from lizard epididymis and identification of poly A RNA coding for a major androgen-dependent protein].

During the reproductive period (spring) the lizard epididymis secretes a soluble protein of an apparent molecular weight (MW) of 19,000, the protein L. This androgen dependent protein disappears during post-nuptial atrophy of the epididymis (summer). At two time intervals (spring and summer) total RNA were extracted and poly (A) RNA were prepared. The RNA were translated in a cell-free system (rabbit reticulocyte lysate) in the presence of 35S methionine. Labelled translation products were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under denaturing conditions. Electrophoresis were preceded or not by immunoprecipitation with an antiserum raised against protein L. RNA extracted during spring coded for several unique bands including five immunoprecipitated proteins with close-related MW (21,000 to 25,000). When RNA were translated in the presence of dog microsomes, the five previously detected protein bands disappear although a 19,000 MW immunoprecipitated protein was clearly demonstrated. These proteins were not detected when RNA extracted in summer were used. The protein L appears to be synthesized as preprotein(s). Its (unique or several?) messenger is of poly A type; it is present in spring and absent or undetectable in these experimental conditions in summer.

Androgens↗

PubMed1989

[Subfertility and infertility. A sample of Norwegian women].

Infertility is a major concern in Norwegian society. There is an increase in the demand for treatment of reproductive impairment in many countries today. It is not known if this is due to an increase in the frequency of subfertility. In this study the frequency of permanent unvoluntary childlessness among women participating in a case-control study on breast cancer is 3.2%. Infertility is experienced throughout the reproductive period by 9%, and 15% have sought medical services for infertility problems. These results agree with comparable results in other studies. We discuss the consequences for the amount of infertility health services that will be needed.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

[Method and evaluation of hormone assays in practical obstetrics and gynecology].

Hormone assays are very important in obstetrics and gynecology. Today, I want to talk about how to measure hormones and how to evaluate the data obtained for therapeutic purposes. In humans, there are two mechanisms of control, neural control and endocrine control. Generally speaking, the neural system controls organs directly via various neurotransmitters, while the endocrine system controls organs by hormones transported in the blood. In fact, recent progress in hormone research has shown that this concept should be modified, because some hormones act as neurotransmitters or regulate other cells or even endocrine cells themselves in the same organ. But I shall not go into this. Today's lecture is focused on hormones that are closely related to clinical obstetrics and gynecology. The hormones that are important are those in females, reproduction, and pregnancy, and tumors. First, and most important, is that patients acquire femininity in the physiological and psychological sense by hormones. The hormones closely related to this are estrogens and pituitary hormones. For reproduction, cyclic hormonal change is important. In the reproductive period, women have menstruation and ovulation along with cyclic changes of ovarian and pituitary hormones. After conception, various kinds of hormones, including hCG, HPL and estriol, are secreted from the feto-placental system. These hormones are used clinically as a markers of placental function. Hormones also have important roles in oncology. hCG is an excellent marker of trophoblastic diseases. Endometrial cancer is expected respond to large doses of progestins if they have progesterone receptors. There are three types of hormone assays, biological assays, immunological assays and chemical assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Age Factors↗

PubMed1979

[Physiological polymorphism of a grass frog population. III. The effect of the season on the phenotypic manifestation of frog polymorphism by the level of muscle tissue thermostability].

A study was made of the phenotypical manifestation of physiological polymorphism of the population of the grass frog by the heat resistance level of m. interphalangealis in different seasons. In autumn (starting from the 2nd half of October), throughout winter, and in summer the polymorphism of frogs is well expressed, whereas in spring (during the reproduction period) and in the first half of October (during the migration of animals to the places of hibernation) the polymorphism appears to be hidden. The latter phenomenon is due to differences in the pattern of individual seasonal changes in the heart resistance of muscles in individuals of different groups.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Potential hazards of diagnostic radiation.

There are no precise data for determining the extent of somatic damage from small doses of radiation used in diagnostic radiology. Diagnostic radiation given to pregnant women, knowingly or unknowingly, should rarely reach teratogenic levels causing brain and eye abnormalities. Evidence suggests that it does increase the risk of childhood malignancy, especially leukemia. Although rapidly growing tissues seem most susceptible, all radiation probably carries a very small risk of carcinogenesis. Genetic damage is equally difficult to estimate. Diagnostic radiation of females, even in childhood, may be related to an increased incidence of Down's syndrome in older mothers. Radiation also causes point mutations, which may explain the increase of some genetic abnormalities in progeny of older fathers. Whenever an abdominal or pelvic radiograph is ordered before the end of the reproductive period, there must be a potential benefit to balance the small risk involved.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

[The arteries of the mesovarium in the ontogenic development of women].

Arterial vessels were investigated in 200 ovaries including: ovaries from fetuses, women in reproductive period and ovaries from menopausal women. The conducted investigation shows that the arterial system of the mesovarium changes during the lifetime of women. Those changes could correspond to the ones observed in the ovary during human ontogenesis.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Smoking damages male fertility].

It is concluded from a survey on the world literature: Smoking damages the male fertility. Smoker should therefore stop the smoking not only in respect to their own health but from sense of responsibility for the future generation too. The most important reasons for this conclusions are: Tobacco smoke contains numerous mutagenic substances. They reach the male gonads via the blood. They show their mutagenic action here openly much more stronger than on egg-cells because the spermatogenesis continues over the whole male reproductive period whereas the formation of eggs is already completed in the fetal phase. The majority of studies indicates to a damaging effect also on the number and/or the motility and morphology of spermatozoa by strong smoking during a longer time. Especially smoking husbands with infertile marriages the urgent advice therefore should be given to stop smoking. Weighty epidemiological and experimental results suggest a teratogenic action in the offspring by smoking of fathers too - independently for the smoking customs of the mother. A verification and extension of these results are very desirable.

Adult↗