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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Photoreceptor outer segments in the aqueous humor in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

We treated seven patients (all male, ranging in age from 11 to 31 years) with Schwartz syndrome, a combination of uveitis, high intraocular pressure, and retinal detachment with peripheral tears. The condition was resistant to corticosteroids but responded well to surgery. Puncture of the anterior chamber disclosed many outer segments of the visual cells with few inflammatory cells in the aqueous humor in all seven patients. Possibly the outer segments, flowing from the subretinal space through the peripheral retinal break into the aqueous humor, cover the trabecular meshwork and cause the decrease in the coefficient of outflow. Detection of the outer segments led us to make a definite diagnosis and institute the appropriate treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Transvitreal cyanoacrylate retinopexy in the management of complicated retinal detachment.

We used transvitreally delivered cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive to seal retinal breaks in 25 selected patients undergoing vitreous surgery for complicated retinal detachment. With a minimum follow-up period of six months, all but one retinal hole remained closed. Complete retinal reattachment posterior to the encircling buckle was achieved in 18 of 25 eyes (72%). In ten of 25 eyes (40%) the final visual acuity was 5/200 or better.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Perfluoropropane gas in the management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Perfluoropropane (C3F8), an expanding fluorinated hydrocarbon gas, was used as an adjunct to vitreous surgery in the management of 18 patients with retinal detachment complicated by proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Ten patients had reattached retinas six months after disappearance of the gas. The average intraocular longevity of the gas in successful cases was 92 days; that in failed cases was 62.7 days. This difference was not statistically significant. However, internal retinal tamponade by longer-lasting gases appears to increase the rate of retinal reattachment in the surgical management of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

Eye Diseases↗
PubMed1988

Anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

During a four-year period, 53 of 92 eyes (58%) undergoing vitreoretinal surgery for a retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy demonstrated anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We classified anterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy according to tractional direction, location, extent, and severity. Initially, the eyes were treated with a high scleral buckle and laser endophotocoagulation as an adjunct to vitrectomy. Treatment then evolved into a direct approach in which the anterior proliferative tissue was surgically cut or excised. Of the 42 eyes followed up for at least six months, 25 (59%) were totally reattached and 18 (43%) had a visual acuity of 5/200 or better.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The pathogenesis of tears of the retinal pigment epithelium.

We compared drusen in the fellow eye of patients with unilateral retinal pigment epithelial tears with those in an age- and sex-matched group of patients with unilateral primary neovascular disciform lesions. In the fellow eye of patients with tears, drusen were more confluent and manifested less fluorescence on angiography than in the comparison group. These observations are in accord with the concept that Bruch's membrane represents a significant barrier to fluid flow, and that fluid beneath detached pigment epithelium is derived in part or wholely from the pigment epithelium.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Pigmentary changes in acquired retinoschisis.

We reviewed retrospectively the records of patients referred for retinal examination and found 375 eyes (233 patients) with acquired retinoschisis. Of the 375 eyes, 85 had outer layer retinal breaks, 27 had retinal detachments, and 29 had pigmentary lines. Twenty-five of the 29 pigmentary lines (86.2%) demarcated either retinal detachment or outer retinal layer breaks.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Detection of the carrier state of X-linked retinoschisis.

We determined the extent of suppressive rod-cone interaction in 11 obligate carriers and eight potential carriers of X-linked retinoschisis from eight families. Despite otherwise normal ophthalmoscopic and functional testing, all of the obligate heterozygous carriers demonstrated a complete absence of normal rod-cone interaction. Of the potential heterozygous carriers, three had normal rod-cone interactions, two had no detectable interaction, and two yielded technically unsatisfactory results. This lack of rod-cone interactions allows heterozygous individuals to be identified clinically and has implications concerning the origin of this inherited disorder.

Flicker Fusion↗
PubMed1988

Vitrectomy for impending idiopathic macular holes.

We performed pars plana vitrectomy in 15 patients with physical changes and visual loss believed to indicate impending macular hole formation. Twelve (80%) of 15 eyes have not progressed to macular holes during a minimum follow-up period of 15 months (average, 26 months). In these 12 patients final vision was within one line of the preoperative vision in four eyes, improved two or more lines in five eyes, and was two lines worse in three eyes. Decreased vision in all three eyes was the result of progressive lenticular nuclear sclerosis. A thin sheet of cortical vitreous fibers was sometimes found intraoperatively on the surface of the retina, despite an apparent complete posterior vitreous detachment.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Success and complications of pneumatic retinopexy.

Fifty-eight consecutive patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment were treated by pneumatic retinopexy using intravitreal perfluoropropane gas. Reattachment was achieved in 29 of 35 eyes (83%) having single retinal breaks (up to 45 degrees in extent), including dialyses (up to 60 degrees), and groups of breaks within one clock hour. The cumulative reattachment rate was 37 of 58 eyes (64%), including eyes with detachments with multiple breaks 30 to 120 degrees apart and vitreous hemorrhage as well as aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. Pneumatic retinopexy was successful in 18 of 22 (82%) myopic eyes (-3 to -11 diopters). Virtually all complications developed in the inferior retinal quadrants, and included preretinal vitreous condensations or membranes in 27 of 58 eyes (47%), new retinal breaks in seven eyes (12%), and rhegmatogenous or tractional detachments in previously attached areas in 14 eyes (24%). Postoperative proliferative vitreoretinopathy occurred in six eyes (10%) and macular pucker in two (3%).

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The management of retinal detachment complicating degenerative retinoschisis.

We repaired six retinal detachments complicating degenerative retinoschisis by using simultaneous external subretinal fluid drainage and intraocular gas injection without a scleral buckle or vitrectomy. The outer wall breaks were 30 to 135 degrees in size, and in three cases, extended close to the arcade vessels. We achieved retinal reattachment and collapse of the schisis cavity at surgery in all six cases. In one case, the retina redetached postoperatively, but it was repaired with a scleral buckle and gas injection. This technique simplified the management of retinal detachments complicating degenerative retinoschisis, particularly those with large or posterior outer-layer breaks.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Reversibility of the early stages of idiopathic macular holes.

Three patients had a history of unilateral acute visual loss accompanied by clinical and fluorescein angiographic findings compatible with foveal sensory retinal detachment secondary to vitreofoveal traction. The reversibility of this early stage of idiopathic macular hole formation in all three eyes was associated with spontaneous release of vitreofoveal traction and with improvement in visual acuity. A localized detachment of the vitreous from the sensory retina in the macula with an associated vitreous condensation overlying the macula was evident in all three cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The surgical management of giant retinal tears with the cannulated extrusion needle.

In 18 eyes of 17 patients, we treated retinal detachment caused by a giant retinal tear by unfolding and repositioning the retina with a cannulated extrusion needle. After pars plana vitrectomy, a fluid-gas exchange was performed with the patient in the supine position. Using the cannulated extrusion needle to drain subretinal fluid posterior to the giant retinal tear, the retinal flap was manipulated into the correct anatomic position. With this technique, 18 of 18 eyes with retinal detachment caused by a giant retinal tear were successfully reattached intraoperatively. Although eight of these eyes subsequently redetached and required additional surgical procedures, 16 of 18 eyes remain attached with a mean follow-up of 11 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

The risk of fellow eye visual loss with unilateral retinal pigment epithelial tears.

To identify the magnitude of risk of fellow-eye visual loss, we reviewed the records of 43 patients with unilateral central visual loss caused by a tear of detached retinal pigment epithelium seen in our institution over a period of one to 13 years. Loss of vision because of complications of age-related macular disease occurred in 16 of 43 patients (37%) in the first year, seven of 23 patients (30%) in the second year, and eight of 16 patients (50%) in the third year. An additional five patients lost visual acuity between the third and eighth years of follow-up. The cumulative risk of loss of visual acuity was 37% in one year, 59% in two years, and 80% in three years. Visual loss occurred in 29 of the 36 eyes as a result of a complication of retinal pigment epithelial detachment. The magnitude of risk to the fellow eye was greater than has been documented in unselected age-related macular degeneration.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraocular tamponade and surface tension.

Surface tension is an important property of substances used as intraocular tamponades. The physical properties of currently available intraocular tamponades (gases, silicone oil and Healon) are compared with emphasis on surface tension. The gas/water interface surface tension is the greatest and therefore is the most effective in closing retinal breaks (70 erg/cm2). This is followed by silicone oil/water interface surface tension (50 erg/cm2). Healon is a 1% solution of water and therefore has no surface tension. Practical and theoretical considerations of various tamponades are described. Some properties of an ideal tamponade are suggested.

Gases↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Pneumatic retinopexy.

Pneumatic retinopexy, a term introduced by Hilton in 1985, describes a recently revised and modified operation used for primary rhegmatogenous retinal reattachment. A gas bubble is injected into the vitreous cavity and the patient positioned so that the bubble closes the retinal break, permitting resorption of subretinal fluid. A chorioretinal adhesion formed around the break secures the retina in place. The history of pneumatic retinopexy is presented as well as recent studies on the subject. Characteristics of intraocular gases are reviewed. A protocol is described for pneumatic repair of complex retinal detachments. Patient selection and surgical techniques are recommended. Pneumatic retinopexy is compared to other retinal reattachment techniques and controversial issues are discussed.

Fluorocarbons↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Empty cavity and giant tears.

A nine-year-old girl presented with a loss of vision in her left eye after minor head trauma one month prior to being seen. Ophthalmoscopy disclosed a complete retinal detachment with a giant tear. She also had serious orthopedic problems. Her father and brother had retinal detachment and joint diseases. The differential diagnosis is discussed and the diagnosis of Stickler's syndrome is made.

Child↗