SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Screening programs”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMedDate not supplied

Overcoming difficulties in implementing a universal newborn hearing screening program.

The aim of this paper was to present our experience with a universal newborn hearing screening program, including the specific problems and difficulties faced since its beginning, along with the measures used to overcome them and to improve its efficiency. We analyzed data from 22,195 newborns screened by transiently evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) performed during the first days after birth. 84.8% of the newborns passed on the first test and another 12.15% passed on rescreening before hospital discharge. This produced a "not pass" rate (false-positive and true positive) of 3.05%. The rate of newborns who did not undergo screening and the rate of "lost to follow-up" newborns were reduced in time, due to various applied modifications to the protocol. It may be thus concluded that our protocol proved to be successful in attaining low refer rates for follow-up screening. A major problem that remains unresolved is the absence of effective follow-up.

Audiometry, Evoked Response↗

PubMed1980

Impact of the Walton report on cervical cancer screening programs in Canada.

It is almost 4 years since the Walton report on cervical cancer screening programs was published. In an effort to assess the impact of this report on such programs across Canada the Department of National Health and Welfare carried out a survey using questionnaires. It appears from the evaluation that physicians, laboratories and provincial departments of health are giving thoughtful but cautious consideration to implementing the report's recommendations. Stated areas of controversy include the recommended frequency of cervical smear examination, the establishment of province-wide cytology registries and the recommended size of laboratories. Perhaps the pace will quicken as additional knowledge and experience are gained. Perhaps, too, if a national mechanism to encourage provincial implementation were instituted hesitancy would decrease.

Canada↗

PubMed1981

Isolation of N. meningitidis from patients in a gonorrhea screen program: a four-year survey in New York City.

In the course of the screening program for gonorrhea in New York City, a total of 964 N. meningitidis strains were recovered from the genitourinary tract and/or anal canal over a four-year period (April 1975-April 1979), the rate of such recoveries having tripled during that time. The majority of strains were isolated from anal canal cultures of male patients most of whom were seen in a clinic treating homosexuals. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae were cultured together from 41 patients: in 24 cases from different sites and in 17 instances from the same specimen. Evidence of clinically significant N. meningitidis involvement of genitourinary sites was obtained in a number of cases of urethritis and proctitis as well as in three instances of epidemiologically linked cases. The rising frequency of N. meningitidis isolations from these sites, with its potential clinical implications, should alert microbiologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists to the need for careful distinction of meningococcal from gonorrheal infection, particularly among homosexual men.

Female↗

PubMed2003

Beliefs associated with fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy use at a worksite colon cancer screening program.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Although regular screening can decrease morbidity and mortality from CRC, screening rates nationwide are very low. This descriptive study assessed beliefs associated with fecal occult blood test and colonoscopy use among participants of a worksite colon cancer screening program. Randomly selected employees, aged 40 and older, were mailed a survey on CRC screening-related beliefs. Instruments were tested for reliability and validity. Results indicated that fecal occult blood test use was significantly associated with being female, Caucasian, having low perceived barriers, and provider recommendation. Colonoscopy use was significantly associated with higher knowledge, lower barriers, higher benefits, higher self-efficacy, and provider recommendation. Findings may be used to develop interventions designed to improve CRC screening rates.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Diet and medications giving positive ninhydrin reactions on TLC in a newborn urinary screening program.

During amino acid analysis of over 520,000 urine samples (provided by a urinary screening program), we often noticed different dietary compounds or medications giving positive ninhydrin reactions which could interfere with the interpretation of the thin layer chromatograms. Consequently, we have done an in vitro study of the chromatographic behaviour of the most frequently encountered artifacts in urine. We believe that the results of this work should make it easier for other laboratories doing similar analyses to recognize the presence of such compounds, thus facilitating the evaluation of their chromatograms.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1985

Increasing malnutrition during hospitalization: documentation by a nutritional screening program.

Nutritional status can change during hospitalization. To evaluate the degree of change, a nutrition screening program (NSP) that included admission and 3-week reassessment was implemented. NSP parameters were weight for height, percentage of weight loss, arm muscle circumference, triceps skinfold, serum albumin, and total lymphocyte count. Nutritional risk factors (NRF) were also recorded: cancer, nothing by mouth (NPO) for 3 or more days, loss of appetite, difficulty chewing or swallowing, persistent fever, and cancer chemotherapy or radiation therapy. Of 15,876 patients admitted during the period of March 1982 through December 1982, 583 (3.67%) were found to be suffering from malnutrition or to have NRFs. Of the 583 patients, 182 received nutritional support and were excluded from the study. The remaining patients were reassessed after 3 weeks and had significant decreases in nutritional parameters; 622 patients with deficits in one parameter (visceral or somatic) on admission had a significant decrease in all parameters (p less than .001) on 3-week assessment. There was a deterioration in nutritional status in those patients entering the hospital with NRFs only or with one low parameter.

Body Weight↗

PubMed1993

A rapid tuberculosis screening program for new mothers who have had no prenatal care.

We developed a Rapid Tuberculosis Screening Program for use in women who have not had prenatal care. All patients who presented for delivery without a documented tuberculin skin test (TBN-ST) were given a symptom questionnaire. Those who had a positive response to any of the questions received a chest roentgenogram to rule out active disease. All patients with a negative questionnaire had a TBN-ST soon after admission. The test was read at the time of discharge, whether or not 48 h had elapsed, and individuals who had 5 mm or more of induration at before 48 h and 10 mm or more induration at 48 to 72 h were considered reactors. Of 1,412 patients who received a TBN-ST, 259 were reactors. One case of active disease was diagnosed. Approximately 75 percent of "true" tuberculin reactors will be detected by this method. We suggest that by using the TBN-ST concurrently with a questionnaire, most patients infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis can be identified.

Delivery, Obstetric↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical experience of GDM screening program].

From Jan. 1985 to Jun. 1990, 2561 pregnant women attending our prenatal clinic were screened for gestational diabetes. A 50-gm, 1-hour glucose challenge test was given and 470 patients (18.4%) showed plasma glucose values greater than or equal to 140 mg/dl. These women were subjected to a further 3-hr 100-gm OGTT to diagnose diabetes using O'Sullivans' criteria. Of these 470 cases, 80 (3.1%) of total cases were shown to be diabetic. Strict glycemic control with a fasting plasma sugar under 105 mg/dl and postprandial sugar under 120 mg/dl was conducted using diet and insulin in all cases. We compared the perinatal outcome of GDM pregnant women with normal pregnant women. Statistically, there was no significant difference. This study clearly demonstrates that a GDM screening program should be recommended for every pregnant woman. Prompt glycemic control should be given for all diabetic mothers to optimize the perinatal outcome.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Maintaining acceptably low referral rates in TEOAE-based newborn hearing screening programs.

This article describes factors that can affect the refer rate for otoacoustic emission (OAE) based newborn hearing screening, including the population of infants being screened, the adequacy of probe fit, software options used, external ear conditions, screener training, and baby handling. The effect of the infant's age on screening outcomes is also discussed using results of screening for 1328 regular nursery newborns, ranging in age from 6 to 60 hours, who were screened with transient evoked otoaoustic emissions (TEOAE) prior to hospital discharge. The youngest infants (6-9 hours old) were as likely to pass (90% pass rate) as the infants who were 24-27 hours old (94% pass rate). The results of this study are consistent with reports from many TEOAE-based screening programs that have demonstrated that acceptably low refer rates (mean = 6.9%) can be obtained when appropriate screening procedures are followed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1999

Evaluating newborn screening program data systems--Georgia, 1998.

All 50 states and the District of Columbia conduct newborn screening (NBS) programs that annually screen approximately 4 million infants for metabolic and other disorders to prevent mental retardation, disability, and death. In 1998, Georgia newborns were screened for eight disorders: phenylketonuria, galactosemia, tyrosinemia, homocystinuria, hypothyroidism, maple syrup urine disease, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and sickle cell disease. Appropriate data that reflect progress toward achieving short- and long-term goals are necessary to assess the effectiveness of NBS and to inform public health policy decisions about which disorders to add or delete from screening. This report summarizes findings from an evaluation of data systems for metabolic and endocrine disorders in the Georgia NBS program and assesses the ability to measure progress toward short- and long-term goals. Although the data indicate that the program typically received specimens of sufficient quality for testing in a timely manner, additional data are needed to assess fully the effectiveness of the NBS program in identifying disorders.

Databases, Factual↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Rates of recall for thorough examination and surgical biopsy following mammographic screening. Experience with the screening program in Florence].

The authors evaluate the recall and biopsy rates during three years of mammographic screening. Recalls (373/25970 = 1.4%) were more frequent at the first (2.3%) than at subsequent screening rounds (1.2%) whereas the predictive value for cancer increased at further screening (11.7 vs 21.7%). Recalls are less frequent in older women, particularly at further screening (40-49 vs 50-59 vs 60-70: 1.7 vs 1.1 vs 0.9%) whereas predictive value is higher (14.8 vs 16.5 vs 36.5%). The presence of mammographic abnormalities accounts for the majority of recalls (1.3%) whereas subjective symptoms other than pain are a less frequent cause of recall (0.2%) although as predictive (22.7 vs 20.4%). Calls for biopsy were limited to cases with suspicion for cancer and this allowed a low biopsy rate (75 = 0.3%) and a high predictive value (92%). The observed results have greatly improved with respect to the past years, due to a higher specificity of recall criteria and to the systematic use of all modern tests (high frequency US, fine-needle aspiration cytology, either manual or US-guided or stereotaxic) at the time of diagnostic assessment. All screening programs, particularly the new ones, should monitor recall and biopsy rates and predictive values as they are indicators of efficiency.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

[Impact of a screening program on the surgical treatment of breast carcinoma].

Results are presented concerning the first two cycles of a breast cancer screening program carried out by USSL 41 (the local social health center). 38,000 women were examined in a period ranging from 1987 to 1993 and more than 250 early stage tumors were diagnosed. Early detection by screening is confirmed by tumor size and nodal involvement. Overall, this program carried out in Brescia met requirements set by international and national scientific committees. Good results were obtained as far as quality standards are concerned. The importance of screening is evaluated concerning surgical treatment undergone by the patients. The study of surgical treatment clearly shows the gradual progression of conservative surgery deviating from more destructive operations.

Age Factors↗

PubMed2006

Storage and use of residual dried blood spots from state newborn screening programs.

OBJECTIVES: To provide current data for policy discussions and to assess future needs among newborn screening programs regarding the storage and use of residual dried blood spots (DBS) in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: An electronic questionnaire was administered to U.S. state health department laboratory directors in 2003. RESULTS: Responses were received from 49 of the 50 states. Approximately half of them stored residual DBS for more than 6 months, 57% did not have a written policy that determines how residual DBS can or cannot be used, and 16% informed parents that DBS might be retained. Residual DBS were used by 74% of respondents for evaluation of newborn screening tests, by 52% for clinical or forensic testing, and by 28% for epidemiologic studies. Use of DBS was reported more frequently by states with extended storage. When asked if they might participate in an anonymous multistate epidemiologic study by contributing unlinked DBS, 41% responded affirmatively. CONCLUSIONS: More states have used residual DBS for evaluating newborn screening tests than for epidemiologic studies. There is potential interest among states in using unlinked DBS for multistate studies and a need for written policies addressing all uses of residual DBS.

Blood Specimen Collection↗

PubMed2005

Colorectal cancer detection in a rural community. Development of a colonoscopy screening program.

PROBLEM BEING ADDRESSED: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a substantial cause of death and morbidity in Canada. Endoscopy screening by colonoscopy has been recommended, but widespread implementation is impossible because it is difficult to obtain, especially in rural areas. OBJECTIVE OF PROGRAM: To screen for CRC safely and effectively using colonoscopy performed by non-specialist endoscopists in rural areas. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: Health providers and community organizations were informed about the screening program. Patients between the ages of 50 and 75 and those at high risk of CRC based on family history were screened. Measures of safety and effectiveness were monitored. In 2 years of screening, one of 152 patients was found to have CRC, and 23.7% had adenomatous polyps. There were no complications. Rates of CRC and adenoma detection and cecal intubation were similar to rates found in other screening studies. CONCLUSION: It was not difficult to design and implement a CRC screening program in our small rural community. Colonoscopies performed by family physicians have been effective, and there have been no serious complications.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Risk- and cost-benefit analyses of breast screening programs derived from absorbed dose measurements in The Netherlands.

Risk- and cost benefit analyses for breast screening programs are being performed, employing the risk-factors for induction of breast cancer from six extensive follow-up studies. For women of the age group above 35 years and for a risk period of 30 years after a 10-year latency period, a factor of extra cases of 20 X 10(-6) mGy-1 can be estimated. This factor is by coincidence the same as the factor estimated by the Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiations and by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for women above 20 years, and would have been about a factor 2 lower for the category older than 35 years. Measurements are being performed in Dutch hospitals to determine the mean absorbed tissue dose. These doses vary from 0.6 to 4.4 mGy per radiograph. For a dose of 1 mGy per radiograph (which can easily be achieved) and yearly screening of women between 35 and 75 years, the risk of radiogenic breast cancer is about 1% of the natural incidence (85,000 per 10(6) women) in this group. A recommended frequency of screening has to be based on medical, social and financial considerations. The gain in woman years and in completely cured women is being estimated for screening with intervals of 12 instead of 24 months. This estimation is based on the frequencies of the tumour diameters after 12 and 24 months intervals and the survival percentages for these tumour diameters. The medical and social benefit is 1,520 years life-time and 69 more cases completely cured per 1,000 breast cancer patients. The financial profit of a completely cured instead of an ultimately fatal cancer can be roughly estimated at 55,000 guilders. In addition the costs per gained woman-year are about 5,000 guilders (1 US $ = 3.60 guilders). In consequence, the extra costs of annual additional rounds of mammographic screening are balanced by the benefit.

Adult↗

PubMed1989

EKG screening program for school athletes.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common cardiovascular cause of sudden death in adolescent athletes. The electrocardiogram is abnormal in more than 90% of these individuals. An EKG screening program was developed in order to ascertain the role of the electrocardiogram in identifying athletes at risk for sudden death. A training program was created to instruct school nurses on how to perform electrocardiograms. A questionnaire/consent form was sent to the parents of the athletes. This form asked basic questions concerning the child's past medical history and family history. The electrocardiograms were interpreted by staff pediatric cardiologists. A total of 1,424 students, ages 13 to 18, had 12-lead electrocardiograms performed. In 88.8% the electrocardiogram was normal and the health screening questionnaire revealed no abnormalities in family or personal medical history. In 6.5% of the students, the family history or screening blood pressure recording justified further evaluation. In 72 students abnormalities on the electrocardiogram were noted (5.1%). There were 87 abnormalities noted in the 72 students. Conduction disturbances and arrhythmias were the most common abnormalities noted. In 12 students evidence of ventricular hypertrophy was found. Echocardiograms and stress tests were normal in these individuals. No student was found to have hypertrophic myopathy and no student was restricted from participating in competitive athletic activities. Despite the apparent negative results of this program there were benefits of the screening project. The program resulted in a closer working relationship between school health officials and a major health care facility.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Screen compliance rates in 14-years annual screening program for colorectal cancer with immunochemical fecal occult blood test-- identification of higher priority subjects in health education.

OBJECTIVES: The present study was carried out to assess compliance rates with annual colorectal cancer screening for fecal occult blood, and to identify the subjects with higher priority in health education to increase screen compliance. DESIGN AND SETTING: A screening program for colorectal cancer was conducted between 1982 and 1995 in a Japanese villlage. Screen compliance rates in this program were summarised related to sex distribution as well as 10-year age cohorts. MAIN RESULTS: Screen compliance declined slowly during 14 years time period, and averaged 55.4%. Mean screen compliance was significantly higher in women (56.8%) than in men (53. 8%), and also in aged 50-79 (63.5%) than in aged 50 or less (43.8%), and those 80 and older(12.3%). Subjects who experienced a negative result on colonoscopic examination had significantly lower compliance with screening. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the youngest as well as oldest subjects, and the subjects with negative results of fecal occult blood test should be given higher priority in health education to improve screen compliance.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

Parental response to repeat testing of infants with 'false-positive' results in a newborn screening program.

Forty-five percent of the parents of 60 infants being retested in a newborn screening program for metabolic disorders understood that their infant was undergoing retesting because the first test result was abnormal. Fifty-five percent had incorrect or incomplete information, believing that retesting was routine, or that mistakes had been made in the original testing procedure, or they report being told nothing specific about the testing. Parents who were aware that the initial test was abnormal were no more anxious or depressed while waiting for the repeat test results than other parents. At a second interview after learning the normal results of the repeat test, both those parents informed of the initial abnormal result as well as those not informed were less anxious and depressed. However, 36% of the parents of these normal infants reported concern about the health of their infant because of the repeat testing. This concern was not related to a parent's knowledge that the initial test result was abnormal, but was greater in parents reporting that they had not received sufficient information about the screening/testing process and its significance for the health of their infant.

Adult↗