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PubMed1991

A novel autoantibody reactive with a 48 kDa tRNA associated protein in patients with scleroderma.

We identify 4 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) possessing a previously undescribed serum anti-tRNA Ab (anti-Wa antibody). These sera yielded identical precipitin lines under double immunodiffusion using calf thymus extract and supernatant of pig spleen homogenate as antigen sources. Furthermore, all 4 sera were found to react with a 48 kDa protein using immunoblotting. This protein was subsequently found to be associated with tRNA when immunoprecipitation was conducted. In a survey of autoimmune patients' sera, anti-Wa Ab was observed in 3% (4 of 130) of patients with PSS, but not in other systemic rheumatic diseases. None of the 4 patients with PSS with anti-Wa Ab had myositis except that one patient complained of mild myalgia.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

[Pulmonary histiocytosis X].

This is a report on 2 adult patients suffering from pulmonary histiocytosis X. The aetiology and the diagnostic and therapeutic approach are discussed on the basis of a review of the literature. This is a rare disease that is triggered by a virus and immunologically conditioned, the disposition being genetically transferred. It is characterised by cells known as histiocytosis X cells with typical X bodies and immunocytochemically identifiable S 100 antigen. It will usually be necessary to perform an open biopsy of the lung to determine the histology of histiocytosis X. Roentgenologically pathognomonic signs are in particular ring-shaped structures of up to 5 mm diameter with a marginal edge. Lung function analysis revealing hypoxaemia after stress and, less significantly, diffusion capacity and vital capacity, are also among the most sensitive data pointing to histiocytosis X. Indication for treating the patients, who usually do not display prominent signs and symptoms, should be discrete because spontaneous remissions occur very frequently. If the patients display relevant signs and symptoms, corticosteroid long-term treatment over 12 months with 0.5-1.0 mg/kg body weight per day is recommended employing a slowly and progressively reduced dosage schedule. Chemotherapeutic drugs or thymus extracts are administered in a few rare instances.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Modulation of the circadian rhythm of the glucocorticoid hormone level in mice by thymoptin administration at various times of day].

A study was made of the level of corticosterone in mouse blood plasma after 4-time daily administration of thymopthin (a drug containing 1% of thymosin-alpha 1, synthesized in the All-Union Research Institute of Technology of Blood Substitution and Hormonal Drugs) at a doze of 0.05 mg per mouse in the morning and evening. The object of investigation was blood plasma of CBA male mice aged 12-16 weeks. The investigation was experimental. The purpose was to elucidate a possible role of thymic hormones in the regulation of circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid function of the adrenal cortex. Plasma concentration of corticosterone was determined by concurrent protein binding of hormones. Thymopthin administration was shown to result in change of circadian rhythm of the level of corticosteroids in mouse plasma. Drug administration in the morning elevated daily concentration of corticosterone, that also evening reduced it as compared to the control group that in the received the same volume of physiological salt solution. A curve of the daily time course was obtained as a result of smoothing by a method of the least squares. These results should be taken into account when using thymic drugs for therapeutic and experimental purposes.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1990

[Use of the "Multitest-CMI" in the evaluation of cutaneous delayed hypersensitivity reaction to antigens in patients with chronic diseases of the liver].

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was assessed in 120 patients (among them 109 HBsAg positive), with chronic persistent hepatitis, chronic active hepatitis, and compensated as well as decompensated liver cirrhosis by simultaneous application of seven standardized antigens and negative control ("Multitest CMI"). In 21 patients, after 12-24 months the tests were repeated. The sum of indurations of all positive responses ("score") were calculated. Responsiveness measured as results below a normal values was related to the advancing of liver disease (from 13% in chronic persistent hepatitis up to 77% in compensated and 61% in decompensated liver cirrhosis). A comparative analysis (t-Student test) of the arithmetical means of the "scores" revealed statistically significant differences between results obtained in diagnostic groups. It was also dependent from the severity of liver disease. Patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (without specific treatment) and patients with chronic active hepatitis (treated using thymus extract, TFX - "Polfa") has showed an increased "score" values. In contrast to this group, all persons with liver cirrhosis without skin-responsiveness in the first and second tests (anergy) died at the period of 18 months. "Multitest CMI" can be of value in assessing of results of immunotherapy, as well as prognosis of the course of advanced liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[The significance of autoantibodies coexisting with anti-centromere antibodies in sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis].

Anti-centromere antibody (ACA) has been believed to be specific to patients with CREST syndrome, a variant of scleroderma (PSS). This study was undertaken to clarify the distribution of ACA in various diseases and the significance of autoantibodies coexisting with it. The sera of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) along with collagen diseases and aged subjects were examined for ACA by immunofluorescence method (IF) using cultured HEp-2 cells and chromosomes prepared from K 562 cells. ACA were found in sera of 10 patients with PBC, one with scleroderma, one with cerebral infarction and one with chronic renal failure respectively. ACA positive sera were examined for antibodies against other nuclear antigens including nRNP, Sm, Scl-70, SS-A and SS-B and cytoplasmic antigens by double immunodiffusion methods using rabbit thymus extract etc. as the antigens and by IF method using cryostat sections of rat kidney and stomach. In 13 sera with ACA, antimitochondrial antibody (AMA), anti-smooth muscle antibody (ASMA) and anti SS-A antibody were found in 10, 4 and one sera respectively. In 10 PBC patients with ACA, various collagen disease-related disorders were found to coexist; CREST syndrome in one, CRST syndrome in one, Raynaud's phenomenon in two and Sjögren's syndrome in 5. These results would indicate that ACA may be one of the common serological abnormalities among patients with PBC, CREST syndrome and Sjögren's syndrome.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Production of substances with thymosin-like activity by B- and T-lymphocytes.

The authors investigated the ability of various lymphocyte subpopulations to synthesize substances with thymosin-like activity under the influence of thymostimulin, a preparation of active thymic factors. Experiments carried out on T- and B-mice revealed that only T-lymphocytes synthesized thymosin-like substances in response to thymostimulin administration. Thus induced substances differed significantly from those which ensure the serum activity of normal animals in that their thermostability is by far greater. The feasibility was also explored of inducing by thymosin the in vitro synthesis of substances with thymosin-like activity in cells derived from a variety of lymphoid formations of thymectomized mice. The serum of thymectomized lethally irradiated recipients of lymph node and spleen cells pretreated with thymostimulin was found to contain, 4 h after the transfer, relatively high levels of substances with thymosin-like activity. Contrariwise, the pretreatment of bone marrow cells with thymostimulin resulted in declined levels of substances with thymosin-like activity in recipient sera as compared to those in B-mice which were given untreated bone marrow cells. The incubation of bone marrow cells in a medium containing substances with thymosin-like activity caused a decrease in that activity. Thus, the biologically active thymic factors were shown to induce the synthesis by T-cells of substances with thymosin-like activity.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Secondary immunodeficiency and its correction with thymus preparations in patients with postabortion endometritis].

The immune status has been assessed in 73 patients with postabortal endometritis and thymalin and T-activin have been evaluated as an intervention for secondary immunodeficiency associated with this condition. These drugs were found to have immunomodulating effects on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of T- and B-lymphocytes and their subpopulations and on phagocytic function of polynuclears. Comprehensive therapy using thymalin and T-activin improves the efficacy of management of postabortal endometritis.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1990

[Study of the action of immunomodulator T-activin on electric properties of plasma membranes of thymus cells by the use of fluorescent probes].

T-activin alters the electric properties of plasmatic membranes of the T-activin treated suspension of mouse (CBAX X057B1) F1 thymic cells. These alterations were registered by means of negative charged fluorescent probe l-anilino-naphthalene-8-sulfonate (ANS) and positive charged 4-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-1-methylpyridinium (DSM) by measurement of their fluorescence in the individual thymic cell. Apparently, T-activin leads to depolarization of transmembrane potential on plasmatic membrane of thymic cells. It seems that action of T-activin is similar to the effect of polycations, which alter cells ionic streams during lymphocyte activation. However, there is a version, that T-activin acts like neuraminidase, but it is activity less expressed.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[The functional morphology of the thymus in systemic lupus erythematosus and its characteristics during immunodepressive and immunostimulating therapies].

Functional morphology of thymus is studied in 10 autopsy cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients of 8 to 30 years, treated with high doses of glucocorticosteroids (GCS) alone or in combination with tactivin or without immunomodulating therapy. Manifestations of SLE are interstitial thymitis and pronounced thymus parenchyma atrophy which is present regardless of therapy. In the absence of the therapy with high doses of GCS, increase of perivascular spaces of thymus lobules with the appearance in these spaces of lymphoid follicles results in the false increase of the thymus volume and weight simulating its hyperplasia. GCS therapy enhances parenchymal atrophy and decreases the size of perivascular spaces. The use of tactivin against this background results in some normalization of thymic structure enhancing the lymphocyte proliferative activity. Effect of tactivin is masked by a more powerful GCS therapy.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[The electrophoretic mobility of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with tuberculosis of the lungs].

The monitoring of the immune system in pulmonary tuberculosis patients and their peripheric blood lymphocyte reaction to its T-system modulators was undertaken by cellular electrophoresis. It was shown that when the lymphocyte subpopulation ratio tends to be normalized in vitro by inoculation with thymalin and T-activin, the given situation can be viewed as an indication to prescribe immunocorrection drugs to these patients. The lymphocyte subpopulation ratio check in the pulmonary tuberculosis subjects by means of the proposed method before and after the thymalin and T-activin treatment made it possible to reveal a significant normalization of the immunologic indices and to achieve better clinical condition of the patients.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

[Effects of T-activin on the morphology of the thymus gland in experimental injury of the lower limbs in mice (anti-stress effect of T-activin)].

The effect of T-activin on thymic involution under the experimental trauma of femur was studied. T-activin in a dose of 1.0 micrograms/mouse was injected into young male (CBA X C57BL)F1 mice weighing 17.5-19.0 g before (I injection) or immediately after the fracture of the femur during 3 days. Morphometric analysis of the thymus was made 1, 5, 10 and 15 days after the trauma. It was found that T-activin suppressed the involution of the thymus, induced by the trauma, during the first 5 days and accelerate the process of its regeneration. It is suggested, that T-activin displays protective anti-stress effect on the mouse thymic involution.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The action of timoptin peptides on the hemostatic system].

Repeated introduction of thymus polypeptide drug thymoptine (8 times every 24 hours, 1 microgram/kg) led to the increase in total and non-enzymatic fibrinolytic activity of blood plasma and the decrease in fibrinogen concentration. Thymoptine could lyse non-stabilized fibrin and cause depolymerization of aggregates of fibrin monomer in virto. Highest depolymerization activity was observed at thymoptine concentration of 10 micrograms/ml.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Immunopharmacologic bases of immunotherapy.

Secondary immune deficiency generally involves more profound defects in cellular than humoral immunity. This type of immune deficiency occurs in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), cancer, malnutrition, aging and following immunosuppressive therapy. Immunorestorative therapies were developed for use in the immunotherapy of cancer. Their experimental use in cancer and other diseases such as infections and autoimmunity has demonstrated their safety and their capacity to improve host responses to disease particularly when the host is immunocompromised. Biologicals such as the thymic hormones and interferon have been intensively studied and are briefly reviewed in this paper. Chemically defined drugs such as levamisole, isoprinosine, azimexon, and muramyl dipeptides have also been extensively analyzed and the action of certain purine-related compounds are discussed to exemplify their immunopharmacologic features. The combined uses of biologicals and drugs are suggested to improve the efficiency of immunotherapy.

Humans↗