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At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

A long term clinical study evaluating the effect of two dentifrices on oral tissues.

1. A long term (54 months) supervised, double-blind human clinical study has been conducted to ascertain whether the routine use of a commercially available cosmetic dentifrice, with purported stain removal and flavor impact characteristics, would cause adverse manifestations in the oral tissues, as compared to the similar use of a more conventional type of commercially available dentifrice. 2. One hundred and twenty male and female subjects (aged 12 to 70) were randomly assigned to the use of one of the two dentifrices under investigation, after which they used the assigned dentifrices twice daily (1 min each brushing) under supervised conditions for a period of 54 months. 3. Clinical examinations were conducted on all subjects initially (base line), and at 3-month intervals throughout the 54-month course of the study. This examination included a complete and thorough inspection of the oral soft and hard tissues. 4. The results after 54 months of continuous use of the dentifrices (representing a total dentifrice/oral tissues exposure time of approximately 45 hours per subject) indicated that neither of the two dentifrices caused any adverse reactions of the oral soft tissues and that both dentifrice groups had similar patterns and levels of cervical abrasion and/or erosion. 5. The results also indicate a lack of direct correlation between laboratory abrasivity values (as determined by a radioactive dentin abrasion procedure) and the clinical situation, thus suggesting that factors other than dentifrice abrasivity may play an important role with regard to tooth wear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Impact of the acid flow rate on dentin erosion.

OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the erosive effects of acids flowing with different velocities and duration on dentin previously pre-treated with distilled water or human saliva. METHODS: Bovine dentin surfaces were submitted to a 10 min demineralisation with hydrochloric or citric acid (pH 2.3, 37 degrees C) in an artificial mouth at flow rates of 3, 2.25, 1.5, 0.75 or 0.15 ml/min or in 30 ml of the respective acid without movement (each subgroup n=16 specimens). Prior to the demineralisation, half of the specimens of each group were either pre-treated with distilled water or human saliva for 120 min. After 2, 5 and 10 min demineralisation, profilometric traces of dentin loss were performed perpendicular to the direction of acid flow at three sites (A-C) with intervals of 500 microm. The first profile (A) was taken in a distance of 1.5 mm from the acid starting to flow over the sample. Thus, median dentin loss at each site was calculated and statistically analysed by five-way ANOVA. RESULTS: Dentin loss increased with increasing acid flow rate and demineralisation time and was higher for demineralisation with citric acid compared to hydrochloric acid. For given flow rates of 0.15 to 3 ml/min, measurement of dentin loss yielded highest values for site A and decreasing values for sites B and C. For all groups, no significant differences of dentin loss were observed between specimens pre-treated with distilled water or human saliva. CONCLUSION: Under the conditions of this study, both duration of demineralisation and acid flow rate but not pre-treatment with distilled water or saliva influence the extent of dentin erosion.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of titanium tetrafluoride, amine fluoride and fluoride varnish on enamel erosion in vitro.

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of 1 and 4% titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) gels, amine fluoride (AmF) 1 and 0.25% and a fluoride varnish (FP) on the prevention of dental erosion. Two experimental groups served as controls, one with no pretreatment and another one pretreated with a fluoride-free varnish (FP-blanco). Dental erosion was modelled using bovine enamel samples submitted to alternate cycles of acid exposure in citric acid and remineralization in artificial saliva. Calcium loss of all samples involved in the study was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy and erosion depths were estimated. Two samples of each experimental group were also analyzed by white light confocal microscopy. The cumulative erosion depth (in mum) after 72 min was: TiF4 gel 1% 8.29 +/- 0.39; TiF4 gel 4% 8.27 +/- 0.55; AmF 1% 8.69 +/- 0.66; AmF 0.25% 8.86 +/- 0.33; FP 3.43 +/- 1.07; FP-blanco 14.86 +/- 1.59 and control 9.77 +/- 0.49. A statistically significant protective effect (p < or = 0.001) was found only for the group pretreated with the fluoride varnish. Within the limitations of an in vitro study it may be concluded that topical applications of the fluoride varnish tested have a protective effect on the prevention of dental erosion.

Amines↗
PubMed2006

Does low acid orange juice equal low erosion?

UNLABELLED: This paper compares the erosive potential of standard Tropicana smooth orange juice with a new low acid orange juice. Three parameters are compared in the laboratory; pH, neutralizable acidity and the ability to erode enamel. The pH of the standard orange juice is 3.88 compared with the low acid orange juice which has a pH of 4.18. The neutralizable acidity of the low acid juice is lower (16.96 ml of 0.1 M NaOH) than the standard juice (28.46 ml of 0.1 M NaOH). The low acid orange juice produces less enamel erosion (2.49 microm) than the standard juice (5.23 pm). Ideally, these laboratory findings need to be confirmed in a randomized controlled clinical trial before this product could be recommended unreservedly for patients that are clinically susceptible to erosion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: As dietary advice forms a cornerstone in the clinical management of erosion, the introduction of a commercially available low acid orange is most welcome.

Beverages↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Wine, alcohol, and oral health, with special emphasis on dental erosion.

Wine is an essential component of the Mediterranean diet. Its consumption is increasing in many industrialized countries due to effective marketing. Wine may also have effects in the oral cavity mainly due to its acidity and alcohol content. This article briefly describes some effects of wine, both beneficial and detrimental, on oral and general health. In particular, the effect of wine on tooth enamel is demonstrated.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed2005

Acidic soft drinks effects on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and a scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the enamel.

This study investigated the effects of acidic soft drinks on the resistance of metal brackets to shear forces in vitro and in vivo. Thirty noncarious maxillary premolar teeth, scheduled for extraction for orthodontic purposes, were used in the in vivo group. Thirty other noncarious maxillary premolar teeth, already extracted for orthodontic purposes, were used in the in vitro group. The teeth in both groups were divided equally in three subgroups, ie, the Coca-Cola, Sprite, and control subgroups. Brackets were bonded using conventional methods. Teeth in the in vivo group were rinsed with the acidic drink three times for five minutes daily and extracted after three months. Teeth in the in vitro group were kept in the acidic drink for five minutes on three equal time intervals within 24 hours. The brackets from both groups were subjected to shearing forces using a Universal test machine. After the shearing tests, a scanning electron microscope was used to determine the amount and the localization of erosion. The results indicated that both acidic soft drink subgroups had a reduced debonding resistance in vivo and in vitro compared with their control subgroups. No statistical difference in debonding resistance was found between the in vivo and in vitro groups. Areas of defect due to erosion were observed on the enamel surface around the brackets in both the in vitro and in vivo groups. Acidic soft drinks such as Coca-Cola and Sprite have a negative effect on bracket retention against shearing forces and enamel erosion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2007

Inhibition of erosive wear by fluoride varnish.

It has been suggested that fluoride products with a protective mechanical component are advantageous in the prevention of erosive wear. The aim of this study was to evaluate in situ the effect of fluoride varnish (FV) in the prevention of wear due to erosion and combined erosion and toothbrush abrasion. Eleven volunteers wore for 3 weeks, during working hours, appliances containing 2 control and 2 FV-treated human enamel samples. Erosion took place extraorally 3 times a day (5 min) in the soft drink Sprite. At the end of each experimental day one control and one FV sample (C-er+abr and FV-er+abr) were brushed (5 s) with fluoridated dentrifice. The remaining control and FV sample (C-er and FV-er) were left unbrushed. Enamel volume loss was quantified by optical profilometry at day 5, 10 and 15. A statistically significant progression in enamel loss was found for the C-er, C-er+abr and FV-er+abr groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively) but not for the FV-er group (p = 0.053). The values of cumulative normalized volume loss (x10(8) mum) at day 15 were: C-er 5.53 +/- 2.14, C-er+abr 5.70 +/- 2.07, FV-er 0.79 +/- 0.67 and FV-er+abr 2.76 +/- 1.35. The FV-er and FV-er+abr groups showed significant lower volume loss than the C-er group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.005, respectively) and the C-er+abr group (p < 0.001 and p = 0.002, respectively). The results indicate that fluoride varnish is effective in the reduction of erosive wear.

Cariostatic Agents↗
PubMed1991

On the chemical and physical nature of erosions and caries lesions in dental enamel.

The aim of the present paper was to study the relation between the development of enamel erosion and caries lesion. Intact teeth were exposed to a gently agitated 50 mM acetate buffer, with or without fluoride for various periods of time. Further, intact teeth were exposed to an agitated 0.2 M HCl solution. It was found that irrespective of experimental conditions the aqueous phase was initially unsaturated with respect to both hydroxyapatite and fluorapatite during which period fluorhydroxyapatite was dissolved. Histological examination showed that the dissolving apatite originated from the enamel surface and the resulting lesion exhibited the signs of a dental erosion. The depth of the erosive lesion was found to be a direct function of the amount of mineral dissolved before the aqueous phase became saturated with respect to fluorapatite. The calcium, phosphate and fluoride dissolved made the aqueous phase first saturated and later supersaturated with respect to fluorapatite and a reuptake of fluoride in the enamel began, now under development of a caries-like lesion with preservation of the surface layer over a subsurface demineralizing zone. The demineralization depended on the volume of the aqueous phase. In conclusion, in a closed system with a limited amount of unsaturated solution a double lesion, an erosion over a caries lesion, will develop according to the changing saturation with respect to fluorapatite.

Apatites↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of dental erosion caused by sulfuric acid fumes in a smelter in Japan].

The effect of occupational sulfuric acid exposure and other factors on teeth was explored in a cross-sectional study with blind dental examinations. Among 350 male workers in a copper-smelter in Japan, 28 had mild dental erosion with silky-glazed opaque appearance of the enamel and/or shallow concavities on the enamel. While opaqueness was observed in 20 and concavities found in 11 workers, only 3 had both signs, suggesting that the concave lesions were often accompanied with enough remineralization to keep the dental surface gloss, possibly due to acid exposure at a low level. The cases had a history of working in an electrolytic refining plant (36%), significantly more than in the non-cases (14%, p < 0.05). Some significant differences were found between the cases and the non-cases: the cases were older, had less dental plaque, less gingivitis, and more frequent toothbrushing habits. No significant differences were observed in possibly related dietary habits such as several types of acidic drinks. It was concluded that the present cases with dental erosion were most probably associated with occupational acid exposure. The risk ratio of cross-sectional prevalence of dental erosion for those with a history of electrolytic refining plant work was 3.0 (95% CI: 1.3-6.7) compared with those without a history of acid exposure. Whether the present work environment can still develop new cases of dental erosion remains to be studied.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

An in vitro assessment of the erosive potential of some white wines.

The aim of this study was to assess the erosive potential of a number of white wines from different wine growing regions of the world. This was achieved by assessing the initial pH, the 'titratable acidity' content and the in vitro enamel loss after four hours using profilometry. Most of the white wines tested were at least as erosive as orange juice, while some wines, notably the cava, were significantly more erosive than orange juice.

Acids↗
PubMed2000

Dental erosion: diagnostic-based noninvasive treatment.

Lesions that result from dental erosion can be difficult to recognize--particularly when abrasion and attrition are also present. Consequently, dental erosion is often misdiagnosed and mistreated by radical restorative modalities that compromise the vitality of the pulp. This article provides clinicians with knowledge concerning the diagnosis of the complex lesions of dental wear and demonstrates the conservative treatment of this condition. Two cases that exhibit marked tooth wear in anterior teeth and their subsequent restoration utilizing occlusal principles and composite resin are presented.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2005

The relationship between enamel softening and erosion caused by soft drinks at a range of temperatures.

OBJECTIVES: Investigations of the erosive potential of soft drinks are usually performed at room or body temperature, but drinks are more frequently served chilled, with ice, or hot. Since the rate of chemical reactions usually increases with temperature, it is predicted that erosion is more severe at high temperatures and reduced at low temperatures. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between enamel softening, enamel erosion, and temperature. METHODS: Atomic force microscopy nanoindentation and non-contact optical profilometry were used to assess changes in enamel nanomechanical properties after 5 min and erosive material loss after 30 min exposure to two different non-carbonated soft drinks at 4, 25, 50 and 75 degrees C. RESULTS: For one drink (Robinson's Original Juice Drink), there was a statistically significant difference between nanomechanical properties and erosion depth at all temperatures, with softening and erosion increasing with temperature. For another drink (Ribena ToothKind Juice Drink), there was a slight softening and virtually no material loss, and temperature had no statistically significant impact on erosion. There was a good linear correlation (R2 = 0.94) between nanomechanical properties and material loss. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between the drinks can be explained by their composition. For the erosive drink, material loss increased, and nanohardness decreased, approximately linearly with temperature. The correlation between softening and erosion demonstrated that nanomechanical properties after very short erosion times can be considered a good predictor of bulk material loss after considerably longer erosion times.

Beverages↗
PubMed1997

Erosion caused by gastroesophageal reflux: diagnostic considerations.

Dental erosion occurs with a high prevalence in the general population, but its impact on prosthodontic care is often unrecognized. The etiology of dental erosion is difficult to establish because it may result from a variety of causes and may have different presentations. Our purpose was to review the literature relevant to dental erosion and to report a patient presentation in which an unusual pattern of severe erosion was the dental manifestation of asymptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of exposed dentinal surfaces resulting from abrasion and erosion.

The aim of this study was to compare the shape of exposed dentinal surfaces caused by abrasion and erosion with a view to developing a diagnostic clinical test. The study material consisted of 80 natural teeth and 129 dental models obtained from Australian Aborigines known to display considerable dental abrasion due to their diet, and dental models of 37 Caucasians diagnosed with dental erosion through detailed history and dietary analysis. Polyvinyl siloxane impressions were obtained of all occlusal surfaces with dentinal scooping in both the 'abrasion' and 'erosion' groups. All impressions were sectioned buccolingually through the deepest point of the scooped dentine, and then the profiles were photocopied at x2 magnification. The breadth and depth of dentinal profiles were measured to an accuracy of 0.1 mm, enabling ratios of depth:breadth to be determined, and the position of the deepest part of each scooped surface was recorded. The mean depth:breadth ratio of scooped dentine was significantly greater in the Aboriginal natural teeth (0.19 +/- 0.06, mean +/- SE) than in the Aboriginal dental models (0.15 +/- 0.04). Both Aboriginal natural teeth and models with abrasion showed significantly smaller ratios (p < 0.05) than the Caucasian models showing erosion (0.33 +/- 0.07). Furthermore, in the abrasion samples, the deepest region of the scooped dentine tended to be lingually placed more often in maxillary teeth but buccally placed more often in mandibular teeth (p < 0.05). These results indicate that scooped dentine on abraded occlusal surfaces of teeth displays significant differences in shape compared with that caused mainly by erosion.

Adolescent↗