SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “WASH”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 541 records · Page 30Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Bioconversion of linoleic acid into conjugated linoleic acid during fermentation and by washed cells of Lactobacillus reuteri.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was produced at 300 mg l(-1) after 24 h culture of Lactobacillus reuteri in de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe medium containing 0.9 g linoleic acid (LA) l(-1) and 1.67% (v/v) Tween 80. CLA was mainly located in the extracellular space of the cells. Washed cells previously grown on LA were less active than unadapted washed cells in converting LA into CLA. Most of the CLA transformed by washed L. reuteri cells was located in cells or associated with cells. CLA production by washed L. reuteri cells was most efficient in conversion with 0.45 g LA l(-1) at pH 9.5 and 37 degrees C for 1 h.

Adaptation, Physiological↗

PubMed1965

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INVERTASE ACTIVITY IN SLICES OF THE ROOT OF BETA VULGARIS L. WASHED UNDER ASEPTIC CONDITIONS.

1. When disks of root tissue from sugar or red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) are washed in running aerated tap water the sucrose contained in them disappears and glucose and fructose are formed. 2. Invertase activity in the disks has been measured by a polarimetric method. Freshly cut tissue has a very low activity, but a considerable increase occurs during the first 3-4 days of washing, the final activity being sufficient to hydrolyse the sucrose contained in the disk within a few hours. 3. Disks of red beet have been cut and shaken in water under aseptic conditions. Sucrose breakdown and invertase development still took place. Microbial contamination is therefore not responsible. 4. Trisaccharides that appear in sugar-beet disks during the washing process have been isolated and identified; their formation also suggests that a higher-plant invertase is acting. 5. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to protein synthesis in washed storage-tissue slices, and the occurrence of high invertase activity in growing plant cells.

Beta vulgaris↗

PubMed1998

Adapalene 0.1% gel has low skin irritation potential even when applied immediately after washing.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the difference, if any, in facial skin tolerance of adapalene 0.1% gel applied immediately after washing, compared to delayed application as recommended for the other topical retinoids: tretinoin and isotretinoin. Twenty-five acne patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris were included in this intra individual randomized comparison study where adapalene 0.1% gel was applied immediately after washing on one half of the face and 20-30 min after washing on the contralateral half-face, for 22 consecutive days. No difference between the two regimens was detected by the investigator or by 21 of the 22 patients who completed the study. It was concluded that application of adapalene gel 0.1% is well tolerated even when applied immediately after washing.

Acne Vulgaris↗

PubMed2000

The effects of preslaughter washing on the reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 transfer from cattle hides to carcasses during slaughter.

Fresh bovine faeces were inoculated with a non-toxigenic, antibiotic resistant strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7, spread on the rump areas of 30 heifers and allowed to dry for 24 h. Ten of the cattle then entered the normal slaughter process without further treatment. The remaining cattle were washed with a powerhose for 1 min (10 animals) and 3 min (10 animals) before entering the normal slaughter process. Both washing treatments removed all visible faecal materials on the live animals although a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in E. coli O157:H7 levels on the hides was only observed on those animals which were powerhosed for 3 min. After slaughter, E. coli O157:H7 was detected on carcasses and on the knives and hands of operatives. Preslaughter washing for 3 min did not statistically reduce the numbers of E. coli O157:H7 transferred from the hide to the carcass during slaughter. However, the organism was not detected on three of the four areas of the carcass sampled, indicating that washing may be a suitable method of decontamination animal hides before slaughter and as such deserves further investigation.

Abattoirs↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Use and analysis of saline washed red blood cells.

Data collected from 50 saline washed units of red blood cells shows that units washed with one liter of 0.9 per cent NaCl on an IBM cell processor have an average hematocrit of 72.2 per cent, with 84.7 per cent of the white blood cells removed, and only 0.6 per cent of the original total protein remaining. The red blood cell recovery is 85.5 per cent. Other advantages include low extracellular potassium and reduction in supernatant hemoglobin, metabolic waste products, debris, and nonviable cells. Over 1500 washed units have been transfused, with an average of 150 per month. The clinical response has been very favorable with only one suspected reaction reported since the use of washed cells, and no reported cases of hepatitis.

Blood Proteins↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical value of washed-platelet concentrates in patients with non-hemolytic transfusion reactions.

In patients with severe allergic reactions to plasma proteins it is possible to observe such reactions to even the small quantity of plasma contained in platelet concentrates. A platelet washing solution was designed, and platelet concentrates for four such patients were washed before infusion. Transfusion reactions were completely eliminated by the washing procedure. Platelet recovery was equivalent to that of unwashed platelets, and hemostatic effectiveness of the infused platelet concentrates was evidenced by abrupt cessation of bleeding episodes, including purpura and hematuria. Platelet washing represents a valuable, rapid and simple approach to the problem patient with thrombocytopenia and severe reactions to plasma proteins.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Therapeutic transfusions of previously frozen washed human platelets.

The platelets used in this study were collected by serial centrifugation, and within four hours of collection were frozen with 5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) at an overall rate of 2 to 3 C per minute by storage in a mechanical refrigerator at -80 C. The frozen platelets were stored for four to ten weeks before thawing and washing. After washing, the units were kept at room temperature for six to eight hours before transfusion. The units were pooled, and an average of eight units was given to each of four patients, with a range of three to 14 units per transfusion. In vitro recovery after washing was about 65 per cent and in vivo recovery of the 51chromium labeled (51Cr) platelets was about 35 per cent. The infusion of these previously frozen washed platelets corrected prolonged bleeding times in patients. The homologous platelets were transfused along with other blood products to treat patients with hematologic disorders. The circulation and function of the donor platelets were influenced by compatibility of the platelets, the quality of platelet preservation and the patient's disease state.

ABO Blood-Group System↗

PubMed2001

Survival and function of baboon RBCs released from clotted blood and washed before autologous transfusion.

BACKGROUND: One alternative to an allogeneic transfusion is the salvaging of the patient's own shed blood. In this study, baboon blood was allowed to clot and the RBCs that were released from the clotted blood lysed with and without urokinase were washed before autologous transfusion. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-four studies were done in 13 baboons (Papio cynocephalus or Papio anubis) over a 3-year period. In 24 studies, a 50-mL volume of blood was collected without an anticoagulant and stored at 22 degrees C for as long as 72 hours before washing and autologous transfusion. In 20 other studies, a 50-mL volume of blood was collected without an anticoagulant and allowed to clot for 30 to 60 minutes. Urokinase, ranging from 2,500 to 10,000 units per mL, was added, and the blood was stored at 22 degrees C for 24 hours before washing and autologous transfusion. RESULTS: RBCs that were stored at 22 degrees C without urokinase for 24 hours exhibited an in vitro recovery value of 45 percent, a (51)Cr 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 86 percent, and an index of therapeutic effectiveness of 39 percent. The (51)Cr T(50) value was normal at 14 days, and RBC oxygen-transport function was slightly reduced. RBCs that were stored at 22 degrees C for 24 hours with 10,000 units per mL of urokinase exhibited an in vitro recovery value of 89 percent, a (51)Cr 24-hour posttransfusion survival value of 86 percent, and an index of therapeutic effectiveness of 76 percent. The (51)Cr T(50) value was normal at 14 days, and the RBC oxygen-transport function was only slightly reduced. CONCLUSION: Autologous baboon RBCs isolated from clotted blood treated or not treated with urokinase and washed before transfusion have excellent survival and normal or only slightly reduced oxygen-transport function.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

Wash-out of DMSO does not improve the speed of engraftment of cord blood transplantation: follow-up of 46 adult patients with units shipped from a single cord blood bank.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged periods of marrow hypoplasia have been a problem in cord blood transplantation. DMSO is thought to produce osmotic shock to the progenitors when the thawed cells are infused into the patients. To solve this problem, a 2x dilution method originally developed in the New York Blood Center showed earlier myeloid engraftment,1 although follow-up clinical studies have not performed. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To clarify the influence of the removal of DMSO by this method on the speed of engraftment in unrelated cord blood transplantation, 46 adult patients with cord blood units processed by the Tokyo Cord Blood Bank from September 1998 to March 31, 2002 were studied. Twenty-four patients received 2.6 +/- 0.71 x 10(7) nucleated cells per kg without washing (nonwashed group), while 22 patients were received 2.7 +/- 0.52 x 10(7) nucleated cells per kg after 2x dilution washing (washed group). RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of engraftment was not significantly different between the two groups. Median neutrophil recovery (>/=5 x 10(9)/L) in the nonwashed and washed groups was 26 and 25 days, respectively, and the median platelet recovery (>/=20 x 10(9)/L) in patients with myeloid engraftment was 44 and 40 days, respectively (NS). On the other hand, the doses of CFCs and CD34+ cells showed the influence on myeloid and platelet recovery. CONCLUSION: A 2x dilution after thawing cord blood did not result in the improvement of myeloid engraftment speed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1976

[Cytological investigations of the endometrium using the jet wash technique (author's transl)].

In 182 cases the jet wash technique proved very suitable in the detection of malignant changes in the endometrium. It should in no way replace the curettage as a diagnostic tool. The jet wash offers the possibility of a regular endometrial investigation to larger numbers of patients. Those to be considered in particular are 1. symptom-free women with an increased risk of carcinoma of the body of the uterus, i.e. women over 40 with obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, 2. patients with recurrent bleeding who have already had a curettage with negative histological results, 3. primary irradiated endometrial carcinoma patients in order to detect a recurrence early, 4. patients who pose a high anaesthetic risk. The exact detection reliability of the endometrial jet wash technique remains uncertain until results of larger investigation series are published. Good experience up to now with the jet wash technique should stimulate its wider use.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Compliance of hand washing practices: theory versus practice.

Hand washing remains an important preventative method for making the transmission of nosocomial infections redundant. Despite awareness by health workers of the practices required and of the legislation governing hand washing, the study reported here found that compliance to these procedures was quite poor. The results of two surveys distributed to health workers and direct observation by clinical staff in an aged care hospital found that 45% of health workers did not wash their hands and 24% did not change their gloves between patient consultation. Methods for increasing effective hand washing in clinical settings must be identified if hygienic practice is to be improved.

Clinical Competence↗

PubMed1996

Partial thermodynamic parameters for prediction stability and washing behavior of DNA duplexes immobilized on gel matrix.

Earlier we showed that reported in literature nearest-neighbor thermodynamic parameters describe poorly the thermal-induced behavior of DNA duplexes immobilized in gel. Here we present a complete set of partial thermodynamic parameters for all 10 nearest-neighbor interactions specially developed for duplexes immobilized in gel. This thermodynamic library allows to predict dissociation enthalpy and free energy of DNA duplex immobilized in gel matrix from its base sequence. The predicted values are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Dissociation enthalpy and free energy are needed for such application as (i) predicting relative stability of duplexes formed by DNA with oligonucleotides immobilized in cells of gel matrix; (ii) selecting optimal conditions for hybridization experiment; (iii) predicting washing curves and washing temperatures at irreversible temperature-stepped wash of DNA out of oligonucleotide gel matrix; (iv) selecting optimal conditions for washing gel matrix.

Acrylic Resins↗

PubMed2006

Characteristics for the hydration reaction of limestone washing process sludge from steel works.

In order to understand the fundamental features of hydration reaction of sludge generated from a limestone washing process at a steel works and to improve its utilization as a secondary resource, the physicochemical properties of the sludge were examined and its hydration characteristics were investigated under several different conditions. The sludge was mainly composed of CaCO3 and its thermal behavior was observed to be affected by its composition. Compared to the conventional methods for hydrating limestone, using an ultrasonic vibration reactor produced more impalpable slacked lime powder with an even grain size because of the uniform reaction to the entire pulp without a violent reaction. Adequate pulp density for the production of fine slaked lime in an ultrasonic vibration reactor was observed to be 10 wt% or less. Hydration of the sludge formed by the limestone washing process was better and produced more homogeneous fine slacked lime powder than that of natural limestone. Slaked lime powder formed from the limestone washing-based sludge was very minute and the hydration reaction was completed within 10 minutes. In addition, the degree of hydration of the limestone washing-based sludge was found to be higher than that of natural limestone.

Calcium Carbonate↗

PubMed2004

Diagnostic power of the vaginal washing-fluid prolactin assay as an alternative method for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of the vaginal washing-fluid prolactin assay for the diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and to determine a diagnostic cut-off value. STUDY DESIGN: Seventy pregnant women between 11 and 40 weeks of gestation who were admitted with vaginal fluid leakage were included in the study group, and were then further subdivided into two subgroups according to amniotic fluid pooling and nitrazine paper test results. Group 1 was the 'confirmed PROM group', positive for both pooling and nitrazine (38 patients). Group 2 was the 'suspected but unconfirmed PROM group' which had possible pooling and/or nitrazine (32 patients). Seventy pregnant women between 11 and 40 weeks of gestation without any complaint and complication were included in the control group (group 3). All patients underwent vaginal washing-fluid sampling and prolactin level determination. For the statistical analysis one-way analysis of variance, Tukey multiple comparison test, chi2 test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were used. RESULTS: Geometric mean values of vaginal washing-fluid prolactin levels were 616.59 microIU/ml for group 1, 23.98 microIU/ml for group 2 and 10 microIU/ml for group 3 (p < 0.0001). The optimal diagnostic cut-off value was found to be 30 microIU/ml with 95% sensitivity, 78% specificity, 84% positive predictive value, 93% negative predictive value, 87% accuracy and 11.30 relative risk. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend vaginal washing-fluid prolactin level determination as an alternative diagnostic method for PROM.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): dermal absorption, systemic elimination, and dermal wash efficiency.

The objectives of this study were to determine the dermal absorption, systemic elimination, and dermal wash efficiency for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). 14C-Labeled 42% PCB and 14C-labeled 54% PCB were topically and parenterally administered to rhesus monkeys and guinea pigs. Dermal absorption, determined by 14C urinary excretion, was extensive. In guinea pigs, 33% of the applied 14C-labeled 42% PCB dose and 56% of the 14C-labeled 54% PCB dose were absorbed. In rhesus monkeys, 15-34% of the labeled 42% PCB was dermally absorbed, depending on the magnitude of the applied dose. 14C-labeled 42% PCB applied to guinea pig skin was immediately washed with water and acetone. Only 59% of the applied dose was removed from the skin. A post-24-h washing removed only 1% of applied labeled 42% PCB and 20% of applied labeled 54% PCB. Postcontamination washing cannot be assumed to remove all contaminated PCB from skin. The body elimination of 14C was continuous and slow, with elimination half-lives on the order of 2-3 d in the guinea pig and 4-7 d in the monkey. Only 50-65% of an intramuscular dose could be accounted for in urine and feces for up to 28 d excretion. The elimination half-lives following topical administration were not much greater than that following intramuscular administration. This suggests that PCBs are rapidly and extensively absorbed through the skin, and that they are then probably generally distributed throughout the body, and then slowly eliminated.

Animals↗

PubMed1987

The presence of free-living amoebae in portable and stationary eye wash stations.

Portable and stationary eye wash stations were tested for the presence of free-living amoebae. Such amoebae may be found in potable waters, and at least one genera, the Acanthamoebae, can cause severe infections when introduced into traumatized eyes. Concentrates of filtrates of water from eye wash stations were placed on nonnutrient agar plates seeded with Escherichia coli. Resultant outgrowths of free-living amoebae, which were morphologically identified as mixtures of Hartmannella and Acanthamoebae, were inoculated intranasally into weanling mice. Subsequently, brain and lung tissues from injected mice were tested for amoebae as an indication of persistent infection. Acanthamoebae and Hartmannella were detected in some eye wash stations at each of four test sites. Both portable and stationary stations harbored Acanthamoebae. Some of the isolates caused persistent pulmonary infection but were not isolated from brain tissue. Flushing stationary eye wash stations temporarily reduced the number of stations positive for amoebae. Treatment of portable stations with 25 ppm of free chlorine also reduced the number of stations harboring amoebae but caused corrosion in some of the stations.

Acanthamoeba↗

PubMed2003

Effects of soil fines and surfactant sorption on contaminant reduction of coarse fractions during soil washing.

The reduction of contaminants sorbed on the coarse fraction of soils to the level below clean-up requirements is essential for an effective soil washing process. This study investigated the effects of soil texture and surfactant sorption on the reduction of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in coarse fraction during soil washing. Batch TPH sorption experiments were conducted on soil slurry with various soil fine/coarse ratios and surfactants Octylpheny polyoxyethylene (TX-100) and Dodecylpyridinium chloride (DPC) at the dosage below their saturation levels of sorption. In a sandy loam soil of low silt and clay contents, increasing the fine/coarse ratio from 0.4 to 1.2 without adding surfactants resulted in a reduction of TPH levels in the coarse fraction by 30%. Increasing the fine/coarse ratio along with sorbed surfactant (3000 mg TX-100 or 10,000 mg DPC per kg soil) further reduced TPH concentrations in the coarse fraction. For a silty loam soil already containing a high percentage of fine particles, increasing the fine/coarse ratio from 5.9 to 18.8 without surfactant addition yielded no further TPH reduction in the coarse fraction. On the other hand, surfactant sorption at the fine/coarse ratio of 5.9 improved the washing efficiency of the coarse fraction. These experimental results suggested the importance of high contents of soil fines and surfactant sorption in achieving low contaminant concentrations of coarse fractions during soil washing.

Adsorption↗

PubMed2005

Influence of the washing buffer composition on the sensitivity of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using mycobacterial glycolipids as capture antigens.

Immunogenic glycolipids from the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are potential capture antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for the serodiagnostis of tuberculosis. Typically, washing steps in ELISAs are performed with buffers containing a detergent. However, Tween-20, the most commonly added detergent, was reported to be able to remove the coating of certain glycolipid antigens from microtitre wells. In order to determine the influence of the washing buffer composition on the results, we measured serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against three mycobacterial glycolipids by ELISA, conducting three separate experiments with three different buffers: Tris-buffered saline (TBS), TBS plus 0.02% Tween-20 (TBS-Tween), or TBS plus 0.3% bovine serum albumin (TBS-BSA). The capture antigens applied were lipoarabinomannan with the basic arabinose-containing motif (AraLAM), the mannose-capped version of lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM), and trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (cord factor). All ELISAs achieved acceptable specificities around 95%. The sensitivities, however, varied widely, depending upon the sort of washing buffer used. In 38 patients with sputum smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis and control groups of 79 patients with non-tuberculosis lung disease and 92 healthy volunteers, the anti-cord factor ELISA achieved 100%, 31.6%, and 60.5% with TBS, TBS-Tween, and TBS-BSA, respectively. Corresponding sensitivity values for AraLAM were 39.5%, 26.3%, and 23.7%, and for ManLAM 94.7%, 65.8%, and 55.3%. We conclude that Tween-20 or BSA should be omitted from the washing buffer in ELISAs, when the capture antigen is of lipid nature.

Adolescent↗