SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CHRONIC DISEASE”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources

PubMed2006

Reporting of ethnicity in research on chronic disease: update.

This paper examines the inclusion of ethnicity and race as variables in current, leading edge research on chronic disease and its risk factors. Of 100 randomly selected original research articles published in high-impact journals in 2005, 85% did not report either a definition of ethnicity or its conceptualisation in terms of theoretical reasoning, and 98% did not report an actual measurement item. Ethnicity and race remain non-standardised and largely underdescribed variables in research on chronic disease. This represents an important loss of opportunity to articulate and test hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying ethnic group differences in chronic disease.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1991

[Ultrasonic examination in the diagnosis of chronic diseases of the veins of the lower extremities].

Noninvasive diagnosis of chronic diseases of the lower limb venous system is an urgent problem of modern phlebology. Ultrasonic examination (USE) makes it possible to judge adequately the condition of the deep and surface veins and, consequently, to improve significantly the management of varicose and post-thrombophlebitic diseases. The authors elaborated an original method for the diagnosis and appraisal of the condition of the lower limb venous system by means of ultrasonic scanning and various functional tests for determining the character of affection of the venous valvular apparatus. Examination of more than 200 patients with primary varicosities and post-thrombophlebitic disease, the use of highly-resolving ultrasonic equipment, and comparison of the results of USE with the findings of radiocontrast phlebography (agreement in 99.8% of cases) allow the conclusion that noninvasive ultrasonic methods must be used widely in appraising the venous status in patients with chronic diseases of the venous system of the lower limbs.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2002

The association of hearing impairment and chronic diseases with psychosocial health status in older age.

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the association of hearing impairment and chronic diseases (diabetes mellitus, lung disease, cardiac disease, stroke, cancer, peripheral artery disease, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) with psychosocial status (depression, self-efficacy, mastery, loneliness, social network size) in older persons. METHODS: The sample consists of 3,107 persons (55 to 85 years) participating in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. MANOVA, adjusted for covariates, was used to test the effect of hearing impairment on the combined outcomes. The association of hearing impairment and chronic diseases with psychosocial status was studied using multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: Hearing impaired elderly report significantly more depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy and mastery, more feelings of loneliness, and a smaller social network than normally hearing peers. Whereas chronic diseases show significant associations with some outcomes, hearing impairment is significantly associated with all psychosocial variables. DISCUSSION: The findings emphasize the negative effect of hearing impairment on quality of life.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Treatment of chronic skin ulcers in individuals with anemia of chronic disease using recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO): a review of four cases.

Patients with hemoglobin greater than or equal to 100 g/L may have difficulty healing pressure ulcers because of impaired tissue oxygenation. Decreased hemoglobin is often anemia of chronic disease and may be due to the effects of inflammatory cytokines on erythroid progenitor cells. Recombinant human erythropoietin has been found to reverse anemia of chronic disease and may act as a growth factor in wound healing. To review the effect of 6 weeks of subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin 75 IU/kg administered 3 times weekly to resolve refractory anemia of chronic disease and heal Stage IV pressure ulcers, a retrospective chart review was conducted of four spinal cord injured patients (all men, mean age 59 years +/- 19) with Stage IV pressure ulcers and multiple comorbid conditions. The patients received recombinant human erythropoietin either through an inpatient spinal cord rehabilitation unit or an outpatient wound management clinic as part of interdisciplinary care. Mean hemoglobin increased from 88 +/- 7.4 g/L to 110 +/- 3.7 g/L. Mean ulcer surface area decreased from 42.3 cm2 (+/- 40.2) to 37.3 cm2 (+/- 44.3) despite extensive deroofing of one ulcer and subsequent increase in size. Mean ulcer depth decreased from 2.3 cm (+/- 1.2) to 1.2 cm (+/- 1.0). Human recombinant erythropoietin shows promise in resolving the refractory anemia of chronic disease associated with Stage IV pressure ulcers. Further study is suggested.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Incidence of antidepressant drug use in older adults and association with chronic diseases: the Rotterdam Study.

A follow-up study was conducted among men and women aged 55 years and over living in the community in order to estimate the incidence of initiation of antidepressant drug use and the association with chronic diseases. The study population consisted of 7,812 individuals. Overall, the incidence density for starting therapy with an antidepressant drug was 13.5 per 1000 person-years. The cumulative incidences after 1, 2 and 3 years were 1.3, 2.7 and 4.0%, respectively. The incidence in women was almost twice that in men and slightly higher in participants older than 70 years than in those younger than 70 years. The majority of the antidepressants prescribed were tricyclic antidepressants (65%), followed by selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (23%) and other (12%) antidepressants. Only a minority (23%) received a dose considered effective for the indication of depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors were more often prescribed in an adequate dosage (68%) than were tricyclic antidepressants (12%) and other antidepressants (8%). Of the chronic diseases studied, only osteoarthritis and a history of stroke were predictors of initiation of antidepressant drug use after adjustment for age, sex and medical consumption. Hypertension, history of myocardial infarction, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, glaucoma, cognitive impairment and Parkinson's disease were not associated with future antidepressant drug use. No relevant differences were observed with respect to the choice of type of antidepressant drug among patients with chronic diseases. The present study indicates that each year antidepressant drug therapy is initiated in approximately 1.3% of the elderly. In general, the presence of chronic somatic diseases was not predictive of initiation of antidepressant drugs. Tricyclic antidepressants in this age group and in patients with certain chronic diseases may not be the optimal choice given their side-effects profile and drug-drug and drug-disease interactions. The predominance of these agents in the present study calls for further attention.

Aged↗

PubMed1975

Medical education: a required clerkship in rehabilitation and chronic disease.

For seven years the University of Rochester Medical School has required a four-week clerkship in rehabilitation and chronic disease as part of the fourth year curriculum. Students have a choice of clerkships ranging from traditional physical medicine and rehabilitation to chronic disease experience in several other specialties. Data have been systematically collected for five years from the students in regard to the following: (1) rating of this clerkship relative to all other required clerkships for educational value; (2) opinion whether the clerkship should continue to be required; (3) value to other students with similar career goals; (4) attitudes towards rehabilitation and changes therein resulting from the clerkship experience; and (5) open-ended comments about the clerkship. Response rate to the questionnaire has been about 80%. The purpose of the questionnaire was to aid in improving the clerkship and to determine the settings where students would respond most positively to a chronic disease experience. Nearly half of the respondents felt the clerkship should continue to be required, and an overwhelming majority felt it would be valuable to students with career interests similar to theirs.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗

PubMed1992

[Frequency of detection of hepatitis B markers in various chronic diseases in children].

Overall 995 children with different somatic chronic diseases were examined for viral hepatitis B markers demonstration using up-to-date highly sensitive methods (hemagglutination inhibition test, EIA). In the control group (children with acute intestinal infections), HBV-infection markers were discovered in 4.3%. Children with diabetes mellitus (13.1%), chronic renal diseases (18.9%), pulmonary diseases (32.8%), bronchial asthma (33.3%) and hemophilia (85.2%) are attributed to the group at greater risk for HBV infection. As a rule, the rate of HBV-infection markers demonstration in chronic somatic diseases was higher in considerable duration of the underlying illness. The overwhelming majority of the children examined had suffered subclinical forms of HBV-infection as shown by the disease history, whereupon they manifested antibodies against HBV antigens. HBs-antigenemia, that persisted for a long time (chronic HBV-infection) was demonstrable far less frequently. The authors provide evidence for the necessity of carrying out a broad-scale screening of HBV-infection markers in the indicated risk groups and vaccination against hepatitis B in children without HBsAG and without immunity to viral hepatitis B. The importance of measures aimed at preventing infections transmitted via blood is emphasized.

Biomarkers↗

PubMed1976

Chronic diseases in the rubber industry.

An overview is presented of epidemiologic studies of chronic diseases in the rubber industry. Analyses of the mortality experience during the period 1964-1972 of workers age 40-64 and retirees age 65-84 of two large rubber and tire manufacturing companies consistently disclosed excesses of deaths attributed to leukemia and lymphosarcoma, and for cancers of the stomach, large intestine, and prostate. The relation of site-specific malignancies to work histories and grouped occupational titles as surrogate measures of work-related exposures to possible carcinogens is described. There was no evidence of company-wide, sizable, consistent excess for the other major chronic diseases causes of death. Although a total cohort deficit in the mortality rate for lung cancer was found, there was a history of increased frequency of exposure to certain work areas among lung cancer decedents. Morbidity studies, including analysis of disability retirements, and ad hoc questionnaire and health testing surveys, disclosed excesses of chronic pulmonary diseases. There was evidence of an interactive effect in the association of work and smoking histories with pulmonary disability retirement.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

The effect of socioeconomic status on chronic disease risk behaviors among US adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between socioeconomic status and risk behaviors for chronic disease among a nationally representative sample of adolescents in the United States. DESIGN: Household survey, the Youth Risk Behavior Survey supplement to the 1992 National Health Interview Survey. SETTING: United States. PARTICIPANTS: Nationally representative sample of 6321 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardized prevalence rates and logistic and multiple regression models were used to examine the effect of educational level of the responsible adult and family income on 5 risk behaviors for chronic disease among adolescents--cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables, excessive consumption of foods high in fat, and episodic heavy drinking of alcohol. RESULTS: Most adolescents (63%) reported 2 or more of the 5 risk behaviors. Controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and school enrollment status of adolescents, as the educational level of the responsible adult increased, cigarette smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and insufficient consumption of fruits and vegetables were less likely among adolescents. Among girls, but not boys, consumption of foods high in fat decreased as education of the responsible adult increased. As family income increased, adolescents were less likely to smoke cigarettes, less likely to be sedentary, and less likely to engage in episodic heavy drinking. CONCLUSION: Among adolescents, risk behaviors for chronic disease are common and inversely related to socioeconomic status. Improved community- and school-based programs to prevent such behaviors among adolescents are needed, especially among socially and economically disadvantaged youth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Introduction: the role of exercise in the diagnosis and management of chronic disease in children and youth.

This symposium addresses the role of exercise testing and training in the diagnosis and/or management of chronic disease in children and youth. Four different diseases or disorders will be addressed including cardiovascular, pulmonary, neuromuscular disease, and obesity. The purpose of this symposium is to enable the exercise professional to recognize the importance of the use of exercise in the diagnosis and/or management of these chronic diseases. The papers give a brief description of the pathophysiology of the disease, and the resultant effects upon the child's response to acute exercise and to training. Each author has summarized as well as contributed original research specific to the understanding and improved care of children with these conditions. Also included are practical suggestions for the implementation of exercise testing and exercise training to enhance the care and well-being of these children. Where applicable, the authors have indicated research questions and similar recommendations for future research efforts. The purpose of this symposium, therefore, is to educate medical and exercise professionals concerning the importance of exercise testing and training in the overall care of children with chronic disease.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1992

[The therapy of chronic diseases of the respiratory tract in dogs and cats].

Chronic conditions of the respiratory system are a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic challenge to the veterinarian. In the majority of cases the protective structures, e.g. the vibrating epithelium, have already been irreversibly damaged, so that therapy can only relieve the trouble, but not lead to a full recovery. Prior to initiating a long-term therapy that requires a lot of patience from the veterinarian as well as the owner, it is therefore crucial to carry out a thorough diagnostic procedure. This is a review of the pathophysiological basis and the resulting diagnostic consequences of chronic diseases of the respiratory system. A few selected cases are discussed and recommendations for medical treatment are given.

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Association between chronic diseases and disability in elderly subjects with low and high income: the Leiden 85-plus Study.

BACKGROUND: Disability in activities of daily living (ADL) might be more prevalent among elderly with low income due to higher prevalence of chronic diseases and impairments, as well as stronger associations of these factors with ADL-disability. METHODS: In the Leiden 85-plus Study, we defined disability as being unable to perform one or more basic ADL activities. Presence of chronic diseases was obtained from medical records, impairments were assessed with performance-tests. RESULTS: Elderly with low income had higher prevalence of ADL-disability (23% versus 12%; odds ratio 2.0; 95% confidence interval 1.3-3.2), higher prevalence of impairments and equal prevalence of chronic diseases, except for dementia and co-morbidity. Associations of these factors with ADL-disability were not stronger. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ADL-disability is more prevalent in elderly with low income. Neither prevalence of chronic diseases nor the association with disability could explain this.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

Searching bibliographic databases for literature on chronic disease and work participation.

BACKGROUND: The work participation of people with chronic diseases is a growing concern within the field of occupational medicine. Information on this topic is dispersed across a variety of data sources, making it difficult for health professionals to find relevant studies for literature reviews and guidelines. AIM: The goal of this project was to identify bibliographic databases and search terms that could be most useful for retrieving relevant studies on this topic. METHODS: Five broad questions regarding work participation and chronic disease were formulated, focusing on angina pectoris, depression, diabetes mellitus, hearing impairment and rheumatoid arthritis. A search strategy for retrieving information on these questions was developed and run in five bibliographic databases: Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cinahl and OSHROM. Relevant publications were selected from the search results. The utility of the selected databases and search terms was evaluated by analysing the number of relevant publications that were retrieved. RESULTS: The number of relevant publications retrieved from each database varied. Most (84%) of the relevant publications that were retrieved from each database were unique to that source. For each database, specific search terms for the concept of 'work' were useful for retrieving relevant publications. CONCLUSION: Medline, EMBASE and PsycINFO are useful databases for quick searches. Useful search terms for the concept of 'work' are work capacity, work disability, vocational rehabilitation, occupational health, sick leave, absenteeism, return to work, retirement, employment status and work status. For comprehensive searches, we recommend additional searches in Cinahl and OSHROM, adapting the search terms to specific databases.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed2005

The use of melanocortin antagonists in cachexia of chronic disease.

Cachexia is a wasting syndrome that frequently develops in the setting of chronic diseases including cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AIDS, renal failure and liver failure. Loss of lean body mass is believed to be a significant factor contributing to morbidity and mortality in these chronic diseases; however, there are currently no treatments available that have proven to be effective in reversing the progressive loss of lean body mass in cachectic patients. Evidence from animal models suggests a compelling link between inflammation, the central melanocortin system and cachexia. This review summarises the current evidence supporting the role of the melanocortin 4 (MC4) receptor subtype in cachexia, and discusses the development and use of small-molecule MC4 antagonists, which have proved to be effective in preventing the loss of lean body mass in animal models of cachexia. MC4 antagonists represent an attractive therapeutic approach for cachexia that may attenuate the loss of lean body mass in cachectic patients.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Developing a model for the study of quality of life in elderly patients with chronic disease: use of hypertension as an example.

The concept of quality of life (QOL) is multidimensional and complex, especially in regard to chronic disease and old age. The purpose of this study was to explore QOL in a population of elderly patients with hypertension and to suggest a technique for model building. The specific purpose of the study was to test the viability of a model for understanding how the treatment of hypertension affects QOL. Indicators of QOL and determinants of QOL were measured in a group of patients aged 60 years or older with hypertension. Correlation coefficients confirmed the hypothesized model. The confirmed model thus can be used to study other chronic diseases and to assess the QOL effects of treatment of chronic diseases.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2005

Sustainable chronic disease management in remote Australia.

The Sharing Health Care Initiative (SHCI) demonstration project, which aimed to improve management of chronic diseases, was implemented in four small remote communities in the Katherine region which are serviced by the Katherine West Health Board, a remote Aboriginal-community-controlled health organisation in the Northern Territory. We reviewed the project proposal, final report, evaluation reports and transitional funding proposal, and supplemented these with in-depth interviews with key individuals. We determined factors critical to the sustainability of the SHCI project in relation to context, community engagement, systems flexibility and adaptability, the availability and effect of information systems, and the human nature of health care and policy. The project had a significant impact on community awareness of chronic disease and an improvement in clinic processes. We found that a number of interrelated factors promoted sustainability, including: An implementation strategy sufficiently flexible to take account of local conditions; A high level of community engagement; Appropriate timeframes, timing and congruence between national policy and local readiness to implement a chronic disease project; Effective communication between participating organisations; Project champions (key individuals) in participating organisations; Effective use of monitoring and evaluation data; and Adequate and ongoing funding. The absence of a number of these factors, such as poor communication, inhibited sustainability. Other factors could both promote and inhibit. For example, the impact of key individuals was important, but could be idiosyncratic and have negative effects.

Catchment Area, Health↗

PubMed1991

Assessment of health: self-perceived health, chronic diseases, use of medicine. Euronut SENECA investigators.

In 17 towns in 11 countries across Europe, 10 questions on health were asked as part of a general standardized interview regarding self-perceived global and relative health, quality of life, chronic diseases, use of medicine and specific ailments. 2544 men and women born between 1913 and 1918 participated in the survey. No age-related health differences were found within this 5-year age group. Self-perceived global health was better in men than in women, and more men than women judged their health to be better than that of other persons of their age. The gender difference in prevalence of chronic diseases and use of medicine was less pronounced. Most people judged their health to be good (20-82%) despite a high prevalence of chronic disease (59-92%) and symptoms from different organ systems (leg problems: 16-60%). There were large variations in all measures of health between towns, even between towns within the same country. The trend was in the direction of better health in northern industrial towns than in southern rural towns. The differences were still significant after correction for differences in non-participation rate. The findings are consistent with findings in other health surveys. The findings about self-rated health, chronic diseases and specific ailments will be used in further cross-sectional analyses of the role of differences in diet habits and nutrition for health in Europeans, controlled for living conditions and life-style.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

Psycho-educational interventions for children with chronic disease, parents and siblings: an overview of the research evidence base.

BACKGROUND: The role of psycho-educational interventions in facilitating adaptation to chronic disease has received growing recognition and is in keeping with policy developments advocating greater involvement of patients in their own care. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the current literature regarding the effectiveness of psycho-educational interventions for children and adolescents with chronic disease, their parents and siblings. METHODS: Electronic searches were conducted using AMED, CINAHL, Cochrane Database, DARE, HTA, MEDLINE, NHS EED, PsycLIT, PsycINFO, and PubMED. Inclusion criteria were systematic reviews, meta-analyses and overviews based on traditional reviews of published literature. The titles of papers were reviewed, abstracts were obtained and reviewed, and full copies of selected papers were obtained. RESULTS: No reviews of psycho-educational interventions were found for either parents or siblings. Twelve reviews of interventions for children and adolescents were identified: chronic disease in general (three); chronic pain (one); asthma (three); chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)/myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) (one); diabetes (two); juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) (one) and one informational intervention for paediatric cancer patients. The main focus was on disease management (particularly in asthma and diabetes) with less attention being paid to psychosocial aspects of life with a chronic condition. Overall, there is evidence of effectiveness for interventions incorporating cognitive-behavioural techniques on variables such as self-efficacy, self-management of disease, family functioning, psychosocial well-being, reduced isolation, social competence, knowledge, hope, pain (for chronic headache), lung function (asthma), days absent from school (asthma), visits to A & E (asthma), fatigue (CFS), and metabolic control (diabetes). A number of gaps and limitations were identified across all disease categories, such as inadequate description of interventions, small sample sizes, and lack of evidence regarding cost-effectiveness. CONCLUSION: This overview has highlighted the need to extend the evidence base for psycho-educational interventions, particularly in a UK context. It is essential that effective interventions are implemented and embedded in service provision in order to maximize empowerment through self-care for children, adolescents and their parents.

Adaptation, Psychological↗