SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Co-Occurring Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources

PubMed2002

Unilateral neglect and perceptual parsing: a large-group study.

Array-centred and subarray-centred neglect were disambiguated in a group of 116 patients with left neglect by means of a modified version of the Albert test in which the central column of segments was deleted so as to create two separate sets of targets grouped by proximity. The results indicated that neglect was more frequent in array- than subarray-centred coordinates and that, in a minority of cases, neglect co-occurred in both coordinate-systems. The two types of neglect were functionally but not anatomically dissociated. Presence of visual field defects was not prevalent in one type of neglect with respect to the other. These data contribute further evidence to previous single-case and small-group studies by showing that neglect can occur in single or multiple reference frames simultaneously, in agreement with current neuropsychological, neurophysiological and computational concepts of space representation.

Aged↗

PubMed1999

Polysubstance abuse and traumatic brain injury: quantitative magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological outcome in older adolescents and young adults.

Few studies have examined the consequences of alcohol and drug abuse on TBI though they commonly co-occur. Both TBI and substance abuse independently result in neuropathological changes in the brain such as ventricular enlargement and cortical atrophy, thus it is reasonable to hypothesize that the combination of the two would result in more significant cerebral damage. In this study, 3 groups of patients--traumatically brain injured (TBI) with substance abuse (N = 19), TBI without substance abuse (N = 19), and substance abuse with no TBI (N = 16)--were compared with normal controls (N = 20) on several quantitative MRI (QMRI) measures. Since TBI most frequently occurs in older adolescents and young men, we examined only male participants between 16 and 30 years of age. Comparing young substance abusers to controls resulted in no QMRI differences. When controlling for head injury severity, the effects of substance abuse in combination with TBI resulted in greater atrophic changes than seen in any other group. TBI and substance abuse patients' neuropsychological test performances also were examined, and no differences were found among patient groups on any measures. These findings have implications for the deleterious interaction of substance abuse combining with TBI to result in greater neuropathological changes that can be detected by QMRI techniques.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline diagnostic co-occurrence in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. METHOD: Six hundred and sixty-eight patients were reliably assessed with diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV Axis I and II disorders to create five groups: Schizotypal (STPD), Borderline (BPD), Avoidant (AVPD), Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) without personality disorder (PD). RESULTS: Mean number of Axis I lifetime diagnoses was 3.4; STPD and BPD groups had more diagnoses than AVPD, OCPD, and MDD groups. Significant Axis I co-occurrences emerged for Social Phobia/ AVPD, PTSD/BPD and Substance Use/BPD. Mean number of co-occurring PDs was 1.4; STPD had more than BPD group which had more than AVPD and OCPD groups. Significant PD co-occurrence emerged for: STPD/ Paranoid and Schizoid PDs, BPD with Antisocial and Dependent PDs, and lower frequency for OCPD/Antisocial PD. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic co-occurrences generally followed base rates, while significant departures resemble those of controlled literature.

Follow-Up Studies↗

PubMed2002

Panic attacks in psychosis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, psychiatric comorbidity and suicidal ideation associated with co-occurring non-affective psychosis and panic attacks, compared with non-affective psychosis without panic attacks, in the general population. METHOD: Data were drawn from the National Comorbidity Survey (n = 8098). Statistical analyses were used to identify differences in sociodemographic characteristics, psychiatric comorbidity, suicidal ideation, and familial psychopathology between those with non-affective psychoses with and without panic, as well as to identify correlates of non-affective psychosis and panic. RESULTS: Co-occurring panic attacks and non-affective psychosis, compared with non-affective psychosis without panic, was associated with elevated psychiatric comorbidity and increased odds of suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: Consistent with clinical findings, these data suggest that panic attacks commonly co-occur with psychosis in the community. Results indicate that the co-occurrence of panic and psychosis is associated with increased likelihood of psychiatric comorbidity and suicidality. These findings need replication.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Age differences in the use of informative/heuristic communicative functions in young children with and without hearing loss who are learning spoken language.

Previous research has suggested that the normal development of communicative functions proceeds from the directing or "instrumental" types to the informative or "heuristic" types with age. This paper describes a cross-sectional study of communicative function in children with profound hearing loss and children with normal hearing, from ages 12-54 months. The children with hearing loss were learning spoken English as their primary means of communication. The primary purpose of the study was to evaluate whether the pattern of age differences seen in the two groups of children (those with and without normal hearing) are similar patterns that occur at differing chronological ages, or whether they are dissimilar patterns altogether. A second purpose was to examine the relationship between the use of informative/heuristic functions and the acquisition of vocabulary and syntax. The data suggested a somewhat different pattern of communicative function development in children with and without hearing loss. In addition, the use of language for social purposes was closely related to the achievement of traditional language milestones. In both normally hearing children and in those with hearing loss, the correlations between the use of informative-heuristic functions and various measures of language development indicated that the more mature uses of language co-occur with increased frequency of communication, larger vocabulary, and longer utterance length. These results document that when linguistic improvements such as increasing vocabulary size and sentence length occur in deaf children learning spoken English, they are used for appropriate and informative social purposes that are commensurate with their language age.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Non-specific nature of specific language impairment: a review of the literature with regard to concomitant motor impairments.

In the light of emerging suggestions that language and motor deficits may co-occur, the literature on specific language impairment (SLI) was reviewed to investigate the prevalence of co-morbidity between SLI and poor limb motor skill in children diagnosed with language impairments. An extensive literature search was undertaken and the subsequent findings evaluated with particular reference to issues surrounding symptom co-occurrence, as well as to theoretical and aetiological accounts of SLI. Clearly substantial co-morbidity exists between SLI and poor motor skill, suggesting that SLI is not a specific disorder of language, but rather that children with SLI experience a broader range of difficulties, of which motor incoordination is one. Current theoretical explanations of SLI do not account fully for such wide-ranging difficulties and it may be useful in the future to focus on a more detailed explanation in terms of shared cognitive processes or neuromaturational delay to understand further the nature of the disorder, to explain it theoretically and to deal with it practically.

Case-Control Studies↗

PubMed1995

Mental health problems and alcohol abuse: co-occurrence and gender differences.

A growing body of research has demonstrated that alcohol abuse co-occurs with a broad range of mental health problems. To date, however, there is a scarcity of data concerning the co-occurrence of alcohol abuse and other problems in people who seek mental health outpatient services and, consequently, about gender differences among them. The present study surveyed 376 clients receiving outpatient services at a mental health center. Results demonstrate that women self-reported significantly more psychophysiological distress and family pathology and men reported more community problems and health concerns. Men drank significantly more than women, were more likely to have had a problem with alcohol over the past year, and were more likely to have been treated for substance abuse. For both men and women, the level of alcohol consumption varied directly with the severity of psychophysiological symptoms and community and health problems.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Parasomnias: co-occurrence and genetics.

In clinical practice, parasomnias are often found to run in families and to co-occur. Several studies have indicated a role of genetic factors in them. In 1990, a questionnaire (response rate, 77%) sent to the Finnish Twin Cohort, a representative population sample aged 33-60 years, surveyed the frequency of five parasomnias (sleepwalking, sleeptalking, enuresis, bruxism, and nightmares) in childhood and as adults. In assessing the phenotypic covariation and shared genetic effects between the parasomnias, we used polychoric correlations and structural equation modelling. In childhood (n = 5856 individuals), co-occurrence is highest in sleeptalking with sleepwalking (R = 0.73), nightmares (R = 0.50), and bruxism (R = 0.43). As adults (n = 8567), the results are similar (R = 0.56, 0.43, and 0.39, respectively). The analyses of shared genetic effects included 815 monozygotic and 1442 dizygotic twin pairs with complete responses on four parasomnias as adults. The strongest genetic covariation was found in sleeptalking with sleepwalking, sleeptalking with bruxism, and in sleeptalking with nightmares. The estimated proportions of shared genetic effects were 50, 30, and 26%, respectively. The present results indicate that parasomnias share some common genetic background.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Exposure to maternal depression and marital conflict: gender differences in children's later mental health symptoms.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of the timing of initial exposure to maternal depression and marital conflict on kindergarten children's mental health symptoms. METHOD: For 406 families (of 570 originally recruited), mothers reported on major depression and marital conflict on multiple occasions in the child's infancy and toddler/preschool periods. Mothers and teachers completed the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire when children were in kindergarten. RESULTS: Children evidenced co-occurring internalizing and externalizing symptoms, although the mix was more toward internalizing for girls and externalizing for boys. Symptoms were more severe among children exposed to either adversity, and these effects were additive. Boys exposed to maternal depression in infancy had a preponderance of internalizing behaviors, but if subsequently exposed to marital conflict, the mix toward externalizing behaviors increased to match levels of clinic-referred children. For girls, the preponderance of internalizing symptoms increased to match levels of clinic-referred children when initial exposure to marital conflict occurred in the toddler/preschool period. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider both adversities across developmental periods, to distinguish the symptom severity from directionality, and to consider child gender. Prevention and intervention efforts that consider these findings are warranted.

Child↗

PubMed1999

Identifying patterns of disruptive behavior in long-term care residents.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the frequency, timing, and pattern of 45 operationalized disruptive behaviors (DB) in older people in long-term care units. DESIGN: Nursing staff collected prospective descriptive data over 21 consecutive shifts for each patient to document prevalence, frequency, and co-occurrences of DBs. SETTING: All of the eight long-term care units and one acute/admission unit of a large Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC). Each 40-bed unit had patients with varying levels of cognitive impairment and skilled nursing needs. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 240 hospitalized VA patients with a mean age of 72.8 (SD = 8.6) years and mean length of stay of 4.02 (SD = 8.6) years. Residents had dementia, a psychiatric diagnosis, or mixed dementia and psychiatric diagnoses. MEASUREMENTS: The Disruptive Behavior Scale (DBS), an instrument designed for collecting patient-level data on 45 separate DBs. RESULTS: In a 24-hour period, the average frequency was 3.6 DBs per subject. We found that 41.2% of DB occurred during the day shift, 39.2% during the evening shift, and 19.6% during the night shift. In 32% of observed occurrences, only one DB occurred within the hour. In the remaining 68% of observations, two or more DBs occurred within the same hour. We found two behaviors, Does Not Follow Directions and Excessive Motor Activity, to occur with multiple behaviors in multiple categories. Several characteristic patterns were noted; e.g., physically aggressive behaviors rarely co-occurred with verbal DBs. Physically nonaggressive behaviors seemed to occur most frequently with other physically nonaggressive behaviors and, to a lesser extent, with verbal DBs. CONCLUSIONS: These findings lend support to the existence of patterns of DBs in long-term care patients, a useful step toward targeting interventions early in the behavioral sequence.

Aged↗

PubMed2026

Exploring cross-category relationships between symptoms in people with hypermobile EDS (hEDS) to identify disability patterns.

BACKGROUND: Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) is a connective tissue disorder with variable symptom presentation across multiple organ systems and significant morbidity. Little is known about hEDS etiology and identifying patterns of symptom co-occurrence can reveal previously unidentified relationships between phenotypes and inform studies of underlying disease pathophysiology for symptoms that may share functional biological pathways. In this exploratory analysis, we specifically assessed the distribution of symptoms in case and controls to identify clusters of co-occurring symptoms. METHODS: We have interrogated clinically relevant symptom areas in 47 females with hEDS, 36 age-matched female controls and 8 hypermobile patients without chronic pain. Studied symptoms include general health, mental health, body pain, vitality and energy, autonomic symptoms, bleeding, and gastrointestinal symptoms. We conducted hierarchal clustering on principle components (HCPC) to identify groups and compared the groups for the previously described symptoms. Radial plots were used to identify relationships between severe symptom categories. RESULTS: Our analysis reveals statistically significantly more severe symptoms in all categories in people with hEDS compared with age- and sex-matched controls and asymptomatic hypermobile patients. HCPC identified clearly separated Low, Moderate, and High symptom groups within participants. The Low dysfunction groups include nearly all controls and hypermobile patients without chronic pain. The High dysfunction group includes ~60% of people with hEDS, while around 40% are in the Moderate dysfunction cluster. Cluster solutions for all participants were stable with moderate fit (silhouette 0.64; Jaccard boot mean 0.91). Group level radial plots showed high bleeding severity across all symptom clusters, while disproportional severity of general health, physical function, limitation of role due to physical symptoms, pain, and social functioning deficits differentiates the High from Moderate and Low Dysfunction clusters. CONCLUSION: Using this analysis at the group level has revealed patterns suggesting a progression of disease symptoms. People with hypermobility do not uniformly have severe symptoms but instead have some symptoms that differentiate from non-hypermobile individuals. While exploratory, using a radar multi-symptom analysis may be used to evaluate disproportionately severe symptoms contributing to the patterns of global symptom severity. These include pain but also ability to perform roles, suggesting strong utility of physical and occupational therapies to emphasize coping. This may also allow better targeting of etiological studies and may have additional utility at an individual level to develop symptom management strategies.

Humans↗

PubMed1997

Profiles of violent youth: substance use and other concurrent problems.

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the prevalence of various violent behaviors among high school-age adolescents, the co-occurrence of teenage violence with other public health problems, and gender differences in violence. METHODS: Longitudinal data for more than 4500 high school seniors and dropouts from California and Oregon were used to develop weighted estimates of the prevalence of violent behavior and its co-occurrence with other emotional and behavioral problems. RESULTS: More than half the sample had engaged in violence during the last year, and one in four had committed predatory violence. Boys were more likely than girls to engage in most types of violence, but both were equally prone to violence within the family. Violent youth were more likely than their peers to have poor mental health, use drugs, drop out of school, and be delinquent. Violent boys were more likely than violent girls to commit nonviolent felonies and sell drugs, but less likely to have poor mental health or become a parent. Prevalence estimates for violence co-occurring with three or more other problems ranged from 4% to 21%. CONCLUSIONS: Teenage violence typically coexists with additional emotional and behavioral problems. Programs must consider the broader public health context in which violence occurs.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

An analysis of the communication tactics used by hearing-impaired adults.

The aim of this study was to establish whether and to what degree certain types of communication strategies (hearing tactics) used by hearing-impaired adults could be shown to co-occur, and to find out which strategies were more likely to be used in which type of communicative situations. A consecutive series of 100 patients attending an audiological rehabilitation clinic was given a questionnaire asking how often they used each of five different hearing tactics in 11 different situations. 'Avoidance' and 'request for repetition' were the tactics used most commonly. 'Pretending to hear/understand' and 'positioning self to improve hearing' were used less frequently, with 'interruption' the least commonly used. There was some association between tactics and situations but no clear picture emerged. In a reassessment of our methodology and results, we suggest that the future research of communication strategies would benefit from a sociolinguistic approach based on the qualitative analysis of naturally occurring discourse (conversation) of hard-of-hearing people, focusing on the use of different strategies in relation to communicators' goals in interaction.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Maternal toxicity of drugs and metabolic disorders--a possible etiologic factor in the intrauterine death and congenital malformation: a critique on human data.

Human data were searched to determine whether an association of metabolically or drug-induced maternal toxicity with congenital malformations and intrauterine death would be valid for the human species. Intrauterine death was found to occur in association with maternal homeostatic alterations resulting from phenylketonuria and diabetes, and with maternal toxicity from toxemia of pregnancy, leukemia, burns, alcohol, aminopterin, isotretinoin, and possibly trimethadione. A pattern of anomalies found similar (except for minor differences) and thus suggestive of a possible common cause, was observed among anomalies to phenylketonuria, diabetes mellitus, aminopterin, alcohol, warfarin, phenytoin, phenobarbital, trimethadione, valproic acid, and isotretinoin. The pattern usually consisted of deficiencies in pre- and postnatal development, mid-facial hypoplasia, cleft palate, atrial or ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, hypospadias, hernias, and other less frequent anomalies. The pattern is tentatively associated with alterations in maternal physiology resulting from phenylketonuria and diabetes; maternal toxicity of aminopterin, alcohol, and diverse factors co-occurring with warfarin use; and therapeutic doses (generally toxic in adults) of phenytoin, phenobarbital, trimethadione, and valproic acid. Whether these fetal malformations and intrauterine deaths would occur at nonmaterno-toxic levels of the above teratogenic agents, and, consequently, the strength of the associations could not be estimated for lack of data. However, human data seem to provide some, though weak, support and not to contradict the previous assumption formulated from animal studies that maternal toxicity may be causally related to fetal malformations and embryo-fetal mortality.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMed1999

In vivo mammillary body volume deficits in amnesic and nonamnesic alcoholics.

BACKGROUND: Neuropathological studies use the presence of mammillary body (MB) pathology as a cardinal, diagnostic feature of Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) in neuropsychiatric diseases, most notably alcoholism. Although Korsakoffs Syndrome (KS), which is marked behaviorally by dense global amnesia, is a typical sequela of WE, it remains controversial whether these two conditions necessarily co-occur and whether MB pathology is therefore a diagnostic requisite for KS. METHODS: We investigated these issues by examining, in vivo, 24 nonamnesic alcoholics (ALC), 5 amnesic alcoholics (KS), and 51 normal controls with three-dimensional MRI and memory testing. MB volume was determined from successive, 1 mm thick slices. RESULTS: The ALC group had significantly smaller MB volumes bilaterally (mean = 54.5 +/- 22.0 mm3) than controls (mean = 66.3 +/- 17.1 mm3), and the KS group had even smaller MB volumes than the ALC group (mean = 20.7 +/- 14.8 mm3). Only 2 ALC patients met historical clinical criteria for past WE, and their MB volumes were well within range of the remaining 22 ALC patients. Although all five KS patients met historical clinical criteria for WE, three KS did not have accompanying dementia and had the same degree of MB volume loss as the ALC; the remaining two KS had accompanying dementia and MB volumes half the volume of the ALC group and of KS patients without dementia. CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide volumetric in vivo evidence that: (1) MB volume deficits do occur in alcoholics without amnesia, although these deficits are not present in ail such alcoholics; (2) greater MB volume deficits are present in alcoholics with clinically detectable amnesia or dementia; (3) MB shrinkage is related to severity of cognitive and memory dysfunction, which suggests a continuum of MB pathology in chronic alcoholism to KS; and (4) the presence of WE in all of the KS patients and in the two ALC patients with the greatest long-term declarative memory deficit supports the possibility of an additional and unique pathology distinguishing nonamnesic and amnesic alcoholism.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Diagnostic criteria for dementia with lewy bodies reconsidered.

The validity of the consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) has been questioned. The authors, therefore, performed analyses of 242 published cases with clinicopathological correlation of DLB. The prevalence of specific consensus criteria in 69 patients reported on by the Newcastle and Nottingham groups in England (Group N) were compared with their prevalence in papers from all other investigators (Group O). Analysis of the entire sample (Groups N and O combined) revealed 64% with parkinsonism, 66% with co-occurring parkinsonism and dementia, 39% with visual hallucinations (VH), and 30% with cognitive fluctuations (CF). Group N had significantly more CF and co-occurring parkinsonism and dementia. Dopaminergic drugs were associated with the presence of VH. Although selection factors may have contributed to investigator differences, parkinsonism and co-occurrence with dementia appear to be the most consistent diagnostic criteria for DLB.

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Methods for exploring the semantics of the relationships between co-occurring UMLS concepts.

OBJECTIVE: To characterize the relationships among UMLS concepts that co-occur as MeSH descriptors in MEDLINE citations (1990-1999). DESIGN: 18,485 UMLS concepts involved in 7,928,608 directed pairs of co-occurring concepts were studied. For each directed pair of concepts C1-C2: (i) the "family" of C1 was built, using the UMLS Metathesaurus, and we tested whether or not C2 belonged to C1's family; (ii) we used the semantic categorization of Metathesaurus concepts through the UMLS Semantic Network and Semantic Groups to represent the semantics of the relationships between C1 and C2. RESULTS: In 6.5% of the directed pairs, the co-occurring concept C2 was found within the "family" of C1. Detailed results are given. The most frequent co-occurrences involved "Chemicals and Drugs" and "Chemicals and Drugs", as well as "Disorders" and "Chemicals and Drugs". DISCUSSION: This work takes advantage of both symbolic and statistical information represented in the UMLS, and analyzes their overlap. Further research is suggested.

MEDLINE↗

PubMed2003

The challenge of sexual medicine for women: overcoming cultural and educational limits and gender biases.

Women's sexuality is multifactorial, rooted in biological, psychosexual and context-related factors, correlated not only to the couple concerned, but also to family and socio-cultural issues. Female sexual identity, sexual function and sexual relationship interact to give female sexual health its full meaning or, on the contrary, its problematic profile. Women's sexuality is discontinuous throughout the life cycle and is dependent on personal, current contextual and relationship variables as well as historical factors. Female sexual dysfunctions (FSD) occur along a continuum from dissatisfaction (with or without significant distress) to complete dysfunction (with or without significant distress). Sexual problems reported by women are not discrete and often co-occur, co-morbidity being one of the leading characteristics of female sexual dysfunctions. Socio-cultural factors may modulate the expression and complaining modality, i.e. wording of a sexual disorder. The meaning of sexual intimacy is to be understood, as it is indeed a strong modulator of the sexual response and of the quality of satisfaction the woman experiences, besides being the simple adequacy of the sexual function. Quality of feelings for the partner and the partner's health and sexual problems may further contribute to FSD. To improve women's sexual health, physicians should receive a formal training in sexual medicine both in the general medical training and in the speciality course; should become competent in the first level medical diagnosis of FSD; have an interdisciplinary approach and acknowledge the socio-cultural and context-dependent differences in FSD etiology and wording.

Cultural Characteristics↗