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PubMedDate not supplied

Sodium and potassium levels in colostrum.

The sodium and potassium concentrations of serum, urine and breast milk from 40 healthy, lactating mothers aged 18 to 35 years were measured. Nineteen women were primiparous and 26 were delivered prematurely for various reasons. No correlation was found between colostrum and urine sodium and potassium levels, and colostrum and serum potassium levels, however, there was a correlation found between colostrum and serum sodium levels (r: 0.311, p less than 0.05).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

[The effect of metabolic alkalosis on colostrum and milk quality of cows and on the health status of their newborns].

The investigation was carried out on 12 cows and their calves. At the time of 3 months before parturition and 7 days after parturition metabolic alkalosis one provoked with the high protein feed. The laboratory investigations dependent of determinations on the rumen content the pH, NH3, volatile fatty, acids, the protozoa, bacteria, total gas CO2 and CH4. On the arterial and venous blood on determination the pH, BE, sO2, pO2, HCO3 and coefficient of consumption of the oxygen, and on the venous blood the levels of Na, K, Mg, Ca, P, total proteins, albumins and globulins, cholesterol, glucose, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase and urea. In the colostrum and in milk one determined the pH, potential acidosis--degree SH, proper weight, proteins, dried mas of milk, time of coagulation in the presence of rennin, Na, K, Ca, Cl, total fats and their composition with different fatty acids. No existed truly changes of clinical signs, only feces was sickly. The metabolic alkalosis of cows decreased the consumption of oxygen across the tissue, deficient of the energy, disorders of water-electrolyte and acid-base balances. The calves form cows with metabolic alkalosis delivered also with metabolic alkalosis, with the symptoms of achondroplasia and degeneration of the liver and other organs. Metabolic alkalosis of cows influenced on the quality of colostrum and milk. The colostrum gained from cows with alkalosis caused of disturbance of gastrointestinal tract and diarrhea presence.

Alkalosis↗

PubMed1991

Use of adult dog serum as a substitute for colostrum in the neonatal dog.

Failure to obtain passive transfer of immunity via colostrum can be detrimental to the health and survival of a young pup. It has been stated that pups that do not receive colostrum in the first 2 days after birth, be given adult dog serum as a source of protective immunoglobulins. Twenty-five Beagle pups were obtained by cesarean section from 6 Beagle bitches. The pups were allotted to 3 groups at birth. Group 1 was a control group and was allowed to suckle colostrum. Group-2 pups received 22 ml of pooled adult dog serum/kg of body weight (10 ml/lb) SC at birth. Group-3 pups were given 22 ml of pooled adult dog serum/kg by stomach tube at birth. Pups from groups 2 and 3 were separated from the bitch for 48 hours to prevent colostral antibody absorption and were fed a commercially available milk replacer by stomach tube. After 48 hours, all pups were returned to the bitch until they were weaned at 6 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected from all of the pups at birth and on days 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. The concentration of IgA, IgG, and IgM in serum was determined by radial immunodiffusion and compared by use of a one-way analysis of variance. The control pups had significantly higher serum concentrations of IgA and IgG, than the pups in groups 2 and 3 on days 1 and 2 and 2 and 7, respectively. Group-2 pups had significantly higher serum IgM concentrations on day 1 than either group 1- or group-3 pups.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Content of essential metals in colostrum of women delivered by cesarean section in early puerperium].

The concentrations of magnesium, iron, copper and zinc were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry in the colostrum of 5 women in puerperium after delivery by Cesarean section. The samples of colostrum were obtained for examination between 11 and 12 hours on puerperium days from 4th to 7th. A significant rise of the concentration between these days was noted only in the case of iron (p less than 0.05). The differences in the levels of other metals over time period were random. The daily supply of these elements with milk to the breast-fed newborn increased evidently in that time period. Statistically significant differences were noted between days 4 and 6 (p less than 0.05) and the successive days (p less than 0.01). The daily supply of magnesium estimated on the 8th day of puerperium was not exceeding 50% of the lower limit of the recommended daily supply of this metal for newborns and infants. The contents of iron and copper in the daily portion of colostrum were at the borderline of the recommended values, and only in the case of zinc they fell within the range of these values.

Cesarean Section↗

PubMed1985

[Protein metabolism in the newborn lamb. I. Impact of the ingestion of colostrum on blood glucose, blood levels of gammaglobulin and free amino acids in tissues].

Ten newborn lambs were divided into two groups at birth. Five of them were fed hourly with cow colostrum; the others (unfed lambs) were given saline. Jugular blood levels of glucose, urea, free amino acids and IgG1 were measured during the 10-hour period following birth. The lambs were then exsanguinated under pentobarbital anaesthesia. Free amino acid levels were determined in liver, muscle (longissimus dorsi) and skin. The glycogen contents of the liver and whole body were measured. The IgG1 levels were determined in the intestinal wall and in the contents of the abomasum and small intestine. The blood glucose levels increased after birth in both groups and did not differ significantly in either group. After colostrum feeding, hepatic glycogen and blood urea concentrations were higher in fed than in unfed lambs. Blood free essential amino acid levels which increased after birth in the fed group, were higher in that group than in the unfed one. Nonessential free amino acid levels remained nearly constant throughout the experimental period and did not differ significantly in either group (fig. 2). Free threonine and valine in the liver, skin and muscle were higher in the colostrum-fed lambs than in the others. IgG1 levels increased after birth in the blood of the fed lambs and seemed to be closely related to the intestinal contents of these compounds (fig. 3). The amount of blood free essential amino acids provided by the hydrolysis of colostral proteins was estimated at about 43% of the amount entering the small intestine.

Aging↗

PubMed1989

[Effect of various energy sources on the fermentation process of bovine colostrum].

The present work consisted in evaluating the feasibility of utilizing different energy sources--corn, nixtamalized corn, sorghum and corn starch--in colostrum fermentation, by incorporating them in two different percentages, with and without the addition of acetic acid. The crude and true protein, ammonia, and dry matter content, as well as pH, total sugars, lactic acid, starches, dry matter digestibility, bacteriological count and gross energy, were studied. Results revealed that up to 10 days of fermentation, the most viable energy source was nixtamalized corn, and that the addition of acetic acid was not useful in colostrum preservation. The incorporation level of nixtamalized corn added to colostrum which rendered the best results, was that of 6.33%.

Acetates↗

PubMed1989

[Bacteriological comparison of colostrum and mature human milk].

15 colostrum and 15 mature milk were examined in bacteriology laboratory in Ankara Numune Hospital. The number of colonies cultured at "0" hour, 6-24 after at room temperature 24 after refrigeration were evaluated. It was noticed that the cultures obtained at 0 and 6 hours and after refrigeration did not reveal much bacteria. But cultures obtained from Colostrum and mature milk after 24 hours at room temperature revealed colonies. The colonisation in mature milk was significantly higher than the colostrum.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

Efficacy of hyperimmune bovine colostrum for prophylaxis of cryptosporidiosis in neonatal calves.

Twelve neonatal calves were experimentally infected with oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum. Six calves in group A fed hyperimmune colostrum at birth had significantly less diarrhea and shed oocysts for less time than did 6 calves in group B fed colostrum from cows that were not hyperimmune. Calves in group A had diarrhea for 0-4 days (means = 2.3 days), whereas calves in group B had diarrhea for 4-6 days (means = 5.0 days). Calves in group A shed oocysts for 4-9 days (means = 6.2 days), whereas calves in group B shed oocysts for 7-11 days (means = 8.5 days). These findings indicate that passive lacteal immunity conferred partial protection against cryptosporidiosis. Whether such protection was provided by the immunoglobulins that were highly elevated in the colostrum (greater than 1:200,000 for IgG1, IgM, and IgA) and constituted a large part of the circulating antibody in the calves, or by other biologically active factors, such as cytokines, is undetermined.

Animals↗

PubMed1989

[The health status and metabolic indicators in calves fed colostrum and first milk preserved with potassium sorbate and milk replacements].

The aim of the experiments was to investigate the effects of the preservation of colostrum and unripe milk with potassium sorbate at a concentration of 0.5% and of its storage for three to five days at normal environmental temperatures on the calf health condition. A set of 30 calves divided into two groups was included in the trial. Calves belonging to the experimental group were fed preserved colostrum and unripe milk from day 9 to day 30 of their life (the first experimental period), and from day 31 to day 50 (the second experimental period) milk replacer. Calves belonging to the control group were fed milk replacer from day 9 to day 50 of their life. One calf from the experimental group died from a respiratory disease. In the control group, one calf died and another had to be slaughtered; in both cases digestive tract diseases were diagnosed. The number of calves which had to be treated medically was also lower in the experimental group--in the calves fed preserved colostrum--one case of periodic tympany was recorded in comparison with four cases in the control group. When haematological and biochemical characteristics were examined, significantly lower haemoglobin levels were found in experimental calves at the end of the first experimental period (105.4 g.l-1 when compared with 112 g.l-1 in the control group) and significantly higher values of proteinaemia were found in the blood plasma of these calves at the same period (59.6 g.l-1 and 53.8 g.l-1, respectively). Similar differences were also found during a single haematological and biochemical examination.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1989

[The importance of immunologic properties of colostrum in the nutrition of neonates].

In 213 specimens of human milk from the first 10 days of lactation after delivery, the concentration of secretory immunoglobin A and its ratio in total milk protein and the lysozyme content were assessed. The dynamics of values were also assessed and a great individual variability was found. Because of the high content of secretory immunoglobulin A, lysozyme and other immune components in colostrum during the first 24 hours after delivery, the authors gave it the name of hyperimmune colostrum. They recommend to include it in the initial nutrition of all neonates as an effective anti-infections protection. They recommend to use this colostrum also in the treatment of enteral infections of all neonates and other infants.

Colostrum↗

PubMed1987

Protection of newborn calves against fatal multisystemic infectious bovine rhinotracheitis by feeding colostrum from vaccinated cows.

To determine whether consumption of colostrum with high levels of serum neutralizing antibody to bovine herpesvirus 1 would protect neonatal calves from the frequently fatal multisystemic form of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, Holstein calves were fed for 48 h after birth with either pooled colostrum from seropositive vaccinated cows or colostrum from seronegative unvaccinated cows. The serum neutralizing antibody achieved in the former calves was between 64 and 256 and the titer in the latter calves was below 8. At 48 h of age the calves were challenged by aerosolization with bovine herpesvirus 1. All five seronegative calves died or were euthanized in a moribund state between days 5 and 7 of the trial, whereas all five seropositive animals remained healthy throughout the study. Twice daily clinical examination revealed significantly lower scores in the seronegative group from 60 h postinfection. Relative lung weights were greater in the seronegative group, associated with a severe acute necrotizing bronchiolitis with fibrin exudation. The seronegative group of calves also demonstrated an acute necrotizing rumenitis, pharyngitis, glossitis, esophagitis, laryngitis and tracheitis. The seropositive animals had only small areas of subacute necrotizing fibrinopurulent rhinitis. Bovine herpesvirus 1 virus was isolated from all nasal passages of all calves but isolation of virus in the seronegative calves was made from the trachea (5/5), lung (4/5), bronchial lymph nodes (4/5), spleen (4/5), thymus (3/5), liver (2/5), rumen (2/5) and brain (1/5).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Administration, Intranasal↗

PubMed1986

Purification and characterization of UDP-N-acetylgalactosamine: polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase from bovine colostrum and murine lymphoma BW5147 cells.

UDP-GalNAc:polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyl-transferase has been purified from two sources. A soluble form, purified 517,000-fold to homogeneity from bovine colostrum, has a molecular mass of 70,000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 69,000 daltons by gel filtration. A membrane-bound form, partially purified 2,500-fold from BW5147 mouse lymphoma cells, has a molecular mass of 70,000 daltons by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 71,500 daltons by gel filtration. The purified colostrum enzyme exhibits specificity for UDP-GalNAc, has its pH optimum between pH 7.2 and 8.6, and requires Mn2+ for activity. The Km is 8 microM for UDP-GalNAc and 2.5 mg/ml for deglycosylated bovine submaxillary mucin. Treatments with endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H and F indicate that the colostrum enzyme is a glycoprotein containing two N-linked oligosaccharides. On most enzyme molecules, both oligosaccharides are of the complex type, but some molecules contain one complex type and one high mannose type. Antibodies raised against homogeneous bovine enzyme cross-react on immunoblots with a single protein of 71,000 daltons in the partially purified preparation and in a crude microsomal extract from BW5147 cells.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1987

Studies on LHRH and physiological fluid amino acids in human colostrum and milk.

Various physiological fluid amino acids including essential, nonessential and neuroinhibitory as well as excitatory entities in human milk, colostrum, and infant formula were determined on a microcolumn ion-exchange analyzer equipped with ninhydrin detection system and integrator. The levels of 6 essential and 6 nonessential amino acids were significantly lower in infant formula than those in milk and colostrum. The neurotransmitter amino acids were also high in milk except taurine. Peptide hormones like LHRH were undetectable in infant formula, but were found in appreciable quantities in milk and colostrum by high pressure liquid chromatography. LHRH levels in milk were 6 to 7 fold higher than the corresponding plasma values as measured by radioimmunoassay. These and other several unique ingredients in human breast milk play a very prominent role in the development of the neonate. The presence of such complex components makes it impossible to humanize cow's milk or any other alternate formulation and to serve as a substitute for human milk. Further extensive work in defining the role of such essential components in milk on the development of the infant is indicated.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1978

Use of polyvalent cow colostrum in the prevention of enteric infections in calves and piglets.

Colostrum of cows immunized with a polyvalent vaccine against enteropathogenic strains of Escherichia coli gave good protection to piglets and calves against enteric coli infections. Bovine immunoglobulin (IgG1) and its precipitable fragments persisted in the small intestine of piglets for 6 hours after oral administration. The proteolytic breakdown of porcine colostral IgG2, which occurs predominantly in the small intestine proceeded at a higher rate than that of heterologous bovine colostral IgG1. Colostrum of cows immunized with transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) virus by intramammary administration protected newborn piglets from virulent TGE virus on oral administration. The prevention of enteric coli infections in suckling piglets and calves in Czechoslovakia is based on vaccination of pregnant cows and sows and on additional passive protection of weanlings by oral administration of dried or liquid immune colostrum or serum of cows vaccinated with polyvalent vaccines prepared from enteropathogenic strains of E. Coli.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

Susceptibility of colostrum-deprived swine of various ages to streptococcic lymphadenitis.

The effect of age on susceptibility of young pigs to streptococcic lymphadenitis was investigated. Twenty-nine cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were allotted to 7 groups exposed to type IV group E Streptococcus (GES) at 5, 14, 28, 35, 56, 70, and 84 days of age. Four cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were maintained as nonexposed controls. Six naturally farrowed, susceptible controls were exposed to GES at 63 to 84 days of age. All exposed pigs were killed and necropsied 28 days after exposure. Lesions of streptococcic lymphadenitis were not observed in pigs exposed at 5 or 14 days of age, except for 1 microabscess in a mandibular lymph node in a pig exposed at 14 days, but GES was recovered from 11% of lymph nodes examined from pigs of those age groups. Lesions and GES-positive lymph nodes were frequent in cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs exposed at 28 days and older and in susceptible controls. Serologic response to exposure, as determined by microtitration agglutination test and bactericidal test, was observed only in pigs exposed at 14 days and older. The absence of abscess development in pigs exposed at 5 or 14 days of age was not caused by antibody or failure of infecting organisms to reach the target organs.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

[Lysozyme in the colostrum and blood of calves and dairy cows].

During examination of lysozyme concentration we have found out that 90.3% of calf sera had the lysozyme concentration to 0.5 microgram . ml-1, 5.7% of sera showed zero values and only 4.0% of sera values from 0.5 to 1.4 microgram . ml-1. A higher lysozyme content was recorded in sera of calves up to the age of ten days in comparison with sera of calves after the second week post natum. The lysozyme concentration showed in calves a two-phase increase in the age dynamics up to the seventh to eighth week of life with a peak in second and fifth to eighth week of age. The increase rate in the first phase and the time onset of increase in the second phase were in negative, and/or positive relation to the level of immunity obtained through colostrum. The lysozyme concentration in serum of dairy cows was on fourth day post partum as much as ten times higher than in serum of their progenies 48 hours after parturition. In first colostrum the lysozyme concentration fluctuated within the range of 0.15 to 0.65 microgram X ml-1, with an average of 0.30 microgram X ml-1. The concentration of lysozyme and immunoglobulins of the IgG and IgM class in colostrum showed a contrary trend in first and second milk yield, with a tendency towards increase for lysozyme and towards decrease for immunoglobulins.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Study of colostrum of a patient with selective IgA deficiency.

In a study of immunological factors in colostrum, we detected an 18-year old primipara with selective IgA deficiency and with a history of 3 previous hospitalizations for bronchopneumonia. Peripheral blood studies showed: IgG = 1240 mg%; IgM = 160 mg, and undetectable IgA on two different occasions. B lymphocyte measurement by immunofluorescence for membrane immunoglobulins, T lymphocyte determination by rosette formation with sheep red cells, and T lymphocyte determination with monoclonal antibodies of the Ortho series showed normal results. Salivary IgA was undetectable. The colostrum results were: undetectable IgA (mean, 19.2 g/l); IgM, 22,2 g/l (mean, 2.3 g/l); IgG, 1.3 g/l (mean, 0.7 g/l), and lysozyme, 214.2 mu/ml (mean, 157.1 mu/ml). The very high IgM levels detected in the colostrum of these patients are interpreted to be a compensatory factor for the lack of IgA.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

[Changes in the composition of the colostrum from cows and buffaloes and its significance in the nutrition of newborn calves].

Investigations on the chemical composition of cow and buffalo cow colostrum were carried out with a view of using the latter most rationally as the only nutrition for newborns in the first days of their life. It was established that following calving the chemical composition of cow and buffalo cow colsotrum changes very fast within hours and days. The dry matter of cow colostrum is reduced from 29.05% at the time of calving to 12.26% on the 7th day; organic matter--from 28.01% to 12.50%, respectively; protein--from 15.09% to 6.06%; fats--from 10.0% to 4.3%, etc. In buffalo cows dry matter is reduced from 27.61% 2 h post calving to 16.85% on the 7th day; organic matter--from 26.21% to 15.88%, respectively; protein--from 18.19% to 8.50%; fats--from 10.0% to 7.2%, etc. It is necessary to begin feeding newborn calves and buffalos with colostrum 1--2 h after calving at the latest.

Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena↗