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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

Computerised method for acquisition and display of gastrointestinal motility data.

A computerised system is developed for the acquisition and display of gastrointestinal motility data which utilises a purpose developed software program called 'PC-motil', running on an IBM compatible microcomputer. 'PC-motil' displays data during collection, writes data to disk file and compresses all data at the end of a study on to a single monitor screen for convenient overview. Any area of interest, in single or multiple channels, may be selected and expanded for detailed examination. This system is tested by the recording of gastric and jejunal motility patterns of 11 healthy volunteers in fasting and fed states. All antral and jejunal migrating motor complexes (MMCs) in fasting studies, as well as all fed motility patterns were recognisable in both 'compressed' and 'expanded' form. The reproduction of motility patterns by the computer based system was indistinguishable from that of a conventional analogue chart recorder. This computerised system provides a convenient and cost-effective means of acquisition, storage and display of motility data in digital form.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

A note on the low-dimensional display of multivariate data using neural networks.

A novel neural network technique has been proposed (Livingstone et al. J. Mol. Graphics 1991, 9, 115-118) which is useful for a low-dimensional display of multivariate data sets. The method makes use of the activity values of the hidden neurons in a trained three-layer feed-forward network to produce the low-dimensional display. It was claimed that in contrast to conventional techniques, such as principal components analysis or nonlinear mapping, this technique could be used also to reconstruct, from a given point in the low-dimensional display, the corresponding multivariate input vector via the completely known weight matrices of a suitably trained network. We show here that this claim is unjustified in this general form. When previously unknown, grossly different input vectors are presented to the trained network, they can occupy, for example, exactly the same point in the low-dimensional display which is occupied also by a given training vector, if certain linear relationships between the vector components are fulfilled. Thus, an infinite set of different linearly dependent input vectors is projected onto one single point in the low-dimensional display. Reconstruction of a multivariate vector, starting from this point in the low-dimensional display, is able to lead back to only one multivariate vector (in the example given, to the original training vector).

Guanine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Advances in proteomics data analysis and display using an accurate mass and time tag approach.

Proteomics has recently demonstrated utility for increasing the understanding of cellular processes on the molecular level as a component of systems biology approaches and for identifying potential biomarkers of various disease states. The large amount of data generated by utilizing high efficiency (e.g., chromatographic) separations coupled with high mass accuracy mass spectrometry for high-throughput proteomics analyses presents challenges related to data processing, analysis, and display. This review focuses on recent advances in nanoLC-FTICR-MS-based proteomics approaches and the accompanying data processing tools that have been developed to display and interpret the large volumes of data being produced.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Data fusion in medical imaging: merging multimodal and multipatient images, identification of structures and 3D display aspects.

Data fusion in medical imaging can be seen into two ways (i) multisensors fusion of anatomical and functional information and (ii) interpatient data fusion by means of warping models. These two aspects set the methodological framework necessary to perform anatomical modelling especially when concerning the modelling of brain structures. The major relevance of the work presented here concerns the interpretation of multimodal 3D neuro-anatomical data bases. Three types of data fusion problems are considered in this paper. The first one concerns the problem of data combination which includes multimodal registration (multisensor fusion applied to CT, MRI, DSA, PET, SPECT, or MEG). In particular, the problem of warping patient data to an anatomical atlas is reviewed and a solution is proposed. The second problem of data fusion addressed in this paper is the identification of anatomical structures by means of image analysis methods. Two techniques have been developed. The first one deals with the analysis of image geometrical features to end up with the determination of a fuzzy mask to label the structure of interest. The second technique consists of labelling major cerebral structures by means of statistical image features associated with relaxation techniques. Finally, the paper presents a review of up to date 3D display techniques with a special emphasis on volume rendering and 3D display of combined data.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1993

The surgical workstation: surgical planning using generic software.

Computer software for rendering and display of three-dimensional data is becoming readily available for all types of computers. Such programs typically accept data from any source, compute a three-dimensional volume of data, and display it with a variety of rendering options. Although not specifically designed for medical image processing, these programs can provide very detailed and finely rendered images that are useful for surgical planning. We use one such program to display data from standard computed tomography scans, which gives us a photorealistic three-dimensional view of patient anatomy. This view can be modified to render tissues transparent, translucent, or opaque, and thus allows the surgeon to selectively enhance bony architecture, tumors, or other details. Images can be rotated, sliced, and displayed in the surgical position. Image animation can be added to facilitate the display of complex anatomic relationships. Our experience with this technology suggests that such programs can provide the basis for personal surgical workstations for medical image analysis and surgical planning. Further development of such generic imaging systems should allow this useful technology to become widely available for surgical planning and education. We discuss our experience with a typical generic imaging workstation.

Brain Neoplasms↗
PubMed1991

An ASSEMBLER routine for on-line graphic display and averaging of data acquired on a personal microcomputer.

An ASSEMBLER routine is described for data acquisition and "on-line" averaging, artefact rejection and graphic display of data on a personal microcomputer (IBM compatible). The user determines the number of input channels, sampling frequency, number of samples, input range, stimulation frequency (epoch frequency) and the number of epochs to be acquired and averaged. Data from each epoch are scanned in search of saturating artefacts and will be added to previous epochs if none is found. Data are then graphically displayed as voltage versus time before acquiring next epoch. Display options can be defined by the user at run time by means of the keyboard and include: display of last epoch, display of the average, storage screen and refreshing screen after every epoch. High data transfer rates and program speed allows for high stimulation rates in the presence of on line graphic display. The computer then behaves as a multichannel digital oscilloscope with access to large memory buffers, disk storage, high averaging capabilities, artefact rejection and wide potential for data analysis. Its applications to the recording of magnetic and electric evoked responses are illustrated. The program is available from the authors.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1986

An anesthesia information system for monitoring and record keeping during surgical anesthesia.

We have developed an anesthesia information system (AIS) that supports the anesthesiologist in monitoring and recording during a surgical operation. In development of the system, emphasis was placed on providing an anesthesiologist-computer interface that can be adapted to typical situations during anesthesia and to individual user behavior. One main feature of this interface is the integration of the input and output of information. The only device for interaction between the anesthesiologist and the AIS is a touch-sensitive, high-resolution color display screen. The anesthesiologist enters information by touching virtual function keys displayed on the screen. A data window displays all data generated over time, such as automatically recorded vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and rectal and esophageal temperatures, and manually entered variables, such as administered drugs, and ventilator settings. The information gathered by the AIS is presented on the cathode ray tube in several pages. A main distributor page gives an overall view of the content of every work page. A one-page record of the anesthesia is automatically plotted on a multicolor digital plotter during the operation. An example of the use of the AIS is presented from a field test of the system during which it was evaluated in the operating room without interfering with the ongoing operation. Medical staff who used the AIS imitated the anesthesiologist's recording and information search behavior but did not have responsibility for the conduct of the anesthetic.

Anesthesia Department, Hospital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IVE (Image Visualization Environment): a software platform for all three-dimensional microscopy applications.

IVE (Image Visualization Environment) is a software platform designed from the outset to handle all aspects of modern computerized multidimensional microscopy. This platform provides users with an execution environment in which 5D data (XYZ, wavelength, and time) can be easily manipulated for the purpose of data collection, processing, display, and analysis. During the entire process, powerful data display functions are readily available for extracting complicated three-dimensional information through data visualization. By employing both the shared memory and multitasking features of the UNIX operation system, individual functions can be implemented as separate programs, and multiple programs can access the same data pool simultaneously. This enables users to combine the functionalities of different programs to facilitate each unique data analysis task. Furthermore, by defining an appropriate program execution model, commonly shared functional components such as data display, data I/O and user interface, etc. can be implemented using simple IVE library calls. This dramatically reduces the program development time and ensures consistency throughout the entire software system. As a result, users can quickly master the microscopy software system and new functions can be easily integrated, as different functional requirements arise for different research projects.

Chromosomes↗
PubMed2005

Statistical Viewer: a tool to upload and integrate linkage and association data as plots displayed within the Ensembl genome browser.

BACKGROUND: To facilitate efficient selection and the prioritization of candidate complex disease susceptibility genes for association analysis, increasingly comprehensive annotation tools are essential to integrate, visualize and analyze vast quantities of disparate data generated by genomic screens, public human genome sequence annotation and ancillary biological databases. We have developed a plug-in package for Ensembl called "Statistical Viewer" that facilitates the analysis of genomic features and annotation in the regions of interest defined by linkage analysis. RESULTS: Statistical Viewer is an add-on package to the open-source Ensembl Genome Browser and Annotation System that displays disease study-specific linkage and/or association data as 2 dimensional plots in new panels in the context of Ensembl's Contig View and Cyto View pages. An enhanced upload server facilitates the upload of statistical data, as well as additional feature annotation to be displayed in DAS tracts, in the form of Excel Files. The Statistical View panel, drawn directly under the ideogram, illustrates lod score values for markers from a study of interest that are plotted against their position in base pairs. A module called "Get Map" easily converts the genetic locations of markers to genomic coordinates. The graph is placed under the corresponding ideogram features a synchronized vertical sliding selection box that is seamlessly integrated into Ensembl's Contig- and Cyto- View pages to choose the region to be displayed in Ensembl's "Overview" and "Detailed View" panels. To resolve Association and Fine mapping data plots, a "Detailed Statistic View" plot corresponding to the "Detailed View" may be displayed underneath. CONCLUSION: Features mapping to regions of linkage are accentuated when Statistic View is used in conjunction with the Distributed Annotation System (DAS) to display supplemental laboratory information such as differentially expressed disease genes in private data tracks. Statistic View is a novel and powerful visual feature that enhances Ensembl's utility as valuable resource for integrative genomic-based approaches to the identification of candidate disease susceptibility genes. At present there are no other tools that provide for the visualization of 2-dimensional plots of quantitative data scores against genomic coordinates in the context of a primary public genome annotation browser.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1990

Interactive multidimensional display of magnetic resonance imaging data.

Acquisition of multiparametric images in multiple planes often requires unacceptably long scanning times. The ability to display high quality planar cuts in arbitrary planes from single plane (eg, transaxial, coronal, or sagittal plane) images would alleviate the need to acquire images in multiple planes. The need to display data from three-dimensional volume acquisitions also poses a problem to the radiologist. We have developed an interactive multidimensional display tool for magnetic resonance data. The tool presents three orthogonal planes (such as transaxial, coronal, and sagittal) simultaneously and allows the user to interactively roam through the data set. The user can select any arbitrary oblique plane and obtain the corresponding reformations. Additionally the tool allows the correlated display of sets of differently acquired data. This tool offers an effective means for the display of isotropic data and reformated planar data. The ability to interact directly with the data allows increased transference of information to the radiologist and referring physician.

Brain↗
PubMed1994

Shape preserving three-dimensional display of myocardial scintigraphic data.

A three-dimensional display has been developed which is specifically suited to the visualization of myocardial single photon emission tomographic (SPET) data. A set of radial maxima voxels, representative of the whole left ventricle uptake and shape is first extracted by cylindrical and spherical sampling of the short axis slices. A three-dimensional representation of these voxels is then obtained, with hues depicting the uptake amount and shades (i.e. intensity and saturation) depicting the shape. This technique is suitable for 201Tl and 99TCm-hexakis-2-methoxyisobutyl isonitrile (99TCm-sestamibi) myocardial images. It is proposed as an aid to interpreting myocardial SPET as it enables the physician to distinguish simultaneously the actual shape, the extent and the severity of perfusion defects on a single frame.

Computer Graphics↗
PubMed1999

"Conventional" Signals in Avian Agonistic Displays: Integrating Theory, Data and Different Levels of Analysis.

We present an integration of communication theory and data, drawing on examples from titmice (Aves: Paridae). We suggest how display actions such as lifting the head, raising the nape feathers, crest erecting and spreading the wings, act in agonistic communication when physical contact between opponents is rare. We propose that such displays largely act as strategic choice handicap signals. By giving these displays the signaller is believed to incur costs which underwrite the reliability of the signals; it may strategically increase these costs (for example by display repetition or adding additional elements) to signal its condition, motivation and hence the subjective value of a resource. It is shown that linking these ideas with earlier theories on the causation of display components, leads to an explanation of why birds have a greater repertoire of signals associated with aggression/winning, than with submission/losing. It is suggested that modellers of communication systems and those interested in the theory of signal design should pay more attention to the evolutionary constraints imposed by signal origin. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1992

Instrumentation for positron emission tomography: tomographs and data processing and display systems.

The field of positron emission tomography (PET) has evolved over the past 10 to 15 years from a basic research endeavor to a field in which both research and clinical studies are performed at over 100 institutions and medical facilities throughout the world. Most centers now use tomographs supplied by commercial vendors and operate data analysis systems employing identical software packages. PET scanners have advanced from prototypes assembled more than 15 years ago that imaged a single slice with 32 detectors at a resolution of greater than 2.0 cm full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM), to current state-of-the-art instruments that simultaneously image as many as 47 slices using nearly 10,000 detector crystals at resolutions of less than 5 mm FWHM. In addition, specialized research instruments have been developed that have in-plane image resolution of approximately 2.5 mm FWHM. Other PET instrumentation advances include the development of detector block designs with multiple crystals per photomultiplier tube, continuous large position-sensing detectors, and the use of new detector materials having properties particularly suited for PET imaging. Image display and analysis systems have also advanced considerably over this time period. Early scanners typically used analysis stations with dedicated displays of only approximately 256 x 256 pixels and minimal internal processing capabilities. Current systems now offer displays with more than a megabyte (1,024 x 1,024) of image memory and have considerable internal processing capability. Further improvements in the ability to efficiently handle the massive volumes of data generated by the latest generation of scanners in increasingly sophisticated manners are crucial to the continued advancement of the PET field.

Brain↗
PubMed1992

3-D computer animation of electrophysiological responses.

Traditional methods for displaying electrophysiological data, that use time as the axis on a plot, are inadequate for displaying data from simultaneous multi-channel recordings. New methods proposed here plot the instantaneous value of the data on a third axis over a 2-dimensional spatial map of the tissue. The resulting 3-D computer-generated surfaces are animated over time to reveal simultaneous coherent waves of activity over the entire slice. This method was implemented for displaying multi-channel evoked potential data from rat hippocampal and human cortical slices. In rat hippocampal slice, stimulation of the Schaffer collateral-commissural pathway in stratum radiatum (SR) near CA2 elicited evoked extracellular responses along the length of CA1 from the alveus to stratum lacunosum moleculare (SLM). 3-D plotting and subsequent animation of these responses translated differential latencies of activation elicited across the slice into coherent moving patterns. These evoked waves of extracellular activity appeared to propagate along hippocampal laminae and were not readily visible in the individual plots. Human temporal cortical slices were stimulated in the white matter and evoked responses recorded in an array format. Upon plotting and animation, activity was seen to propagate vertically to the pial surface and thereafter move radially away from the stimulation site. Animation of 3-D plots of electrophysiological activity can provide instantaneous visual information on correlated changes in amplitude and latency over an entire brain slice. This means of displaying data can reduce a large number of complex wave forms to simple events and allow the simultaneous visualization of general patterns of activity in a large group of neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗