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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Nonspecific plasma proteins during sublingual immunotherapy.

Usually, specific allergy-related plasma proteins such as immunoglobulin E (IgE) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are used for estimating the grade of sensitization and follow-up of immunotherapy. In recent years, several nonspecific inflammatory markers, such as sICAM-1 and sIL-2R, have been shown as being suitable for therapy control in allergy. In our investigation of patients under sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT), plasma from 42 healthy controls and 133 children with single inhalation allergies to grass pollen, birch pollen or house dust mites was obtained during the symptom-free period. Patients showed symptoms including allergic rhinitis, dermatitis and allergic asthma with one single RAST class 3 or higher. Plasma concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), sE-selectin, interleukin-12 (IL-12) and specific IgG4 were analyzed with the ELISA technique. After 1 year of SLIT, concentrations of sICAM-1, sIL-2R and sE-selectin declined significantly when results from all patients were taken as one group. Regarding the single allergen groups, the sICAM-1 and sIL-2R decrease was significant in the grass and mite group, but not in the birch group, while the sE-selectin decline was only significant in the birch group after 1 year of SLIT, but not in the grass and the mite group. No difference was observed in IL-12 and IgG4 expression. In two groups of controls with a mean age of 9.5 versus 17.5 years, the analyzed parameters were not age-dependent. The increased proteins may be useful as additional markers for the evaluation of immunological effects and follow-up investigations of allergy therapies.

Administration, Sublingual↗
PubMed2005

Future of allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) has been used for almost a century as a desensitising therapy for allergic diseases. Administration of appropriate concentrations of allergen extracts has been shown to be reproducibly effective when patients are carefully selected. The disadvantage with allergen extracts is that they consist of nonallergenic or even toxic proteins, and can induce severe side effects including anaphylaxis and death. Several strategies have been developed to tackle this issue. With the introduction of recombinant DNA technology and peptide chemistry, it became possible to produce SIT vaccines with reduced allergenic activity. In addition, current understanding of immunological mechanisms of SIT, particularly the role of regulatory T cells in allergen-specific peripheral tolerance, may enable novel treatment strategies.

Allergens↗
PubMed1979

[Current concepts in the treatment of insect venom allergies].

Since standardised insect venom extracts have become available, the value of whole body extract hyposensitization has been questioned. Measurement of specific IgG antibodies serve as evidence of the immunological potency of the applied hyposensitization solution. The clinical success can be tested by exposition to insect sting.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1979

[Immunological mechanisms of specific hyposensitization in allergic diseases of an infectious nature.. I. Hyposensitization with autovaccine].

Immunological processes in 17 patients with infectious allergic bronchial asthma accompanied by chronic respiratory tract infection were studied in dynamics resulting from the hyposensitization of the patients with autovaccine. Specific sensitization was shown to produce stable clinical remission. The therapeutic effect of this method was ensured by a simultaneous hange in non-specific cellular and humoral immunity. A stable therapeutic effect was observed gainst the background of activated immunological processes and weakened sensitization.

Antibody Specificity↗
PubMed1985

Advances in the diagnosis and management of penicillin allergy.

IgE-mediated acute systemic reactions to penicillin continue to be an important clinical problem. Advances in our understanding of the immunochemistry of penicillin allergy have improved our ability to predict and to avoid these reactions. Immunodiagnostic techniques can identify patients at risk for anaphylaxis to beta-lactam antibiotics with a high degree of precision. Clinical and immunologic studies have demonstrated that penicillin allergic subjects may have allergic reactions to cephalosporins although the absolute frequency of clinical cross-reactions is not clear. If beta-lactam drugs are needed for treatment of penicillin allergic patients, acute desensitization appears to be an acceptably safe procedure for avoiding anaphylaxis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed2001

Can HLA typing predict the outcome of grass pollen immunotherapy?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between HLA molecules and the positive or negative response of atopic patients to specific immunotherapy (SIT). METHODS: We studied 42 atopic multisensitive patients undergoing grass pollen immunotherapy, 42 parents of patients (30 mothers and 12 fathers) and 173 control individuals. HLA class I and class II antigens were typed by a microlymphocytotoxicity test. The typing of DRB1* alleles for atopic patients and their parents was based on the reverse hybridization principle, while for the control group, DNA-RFLP and PCR-SSP methods were used. RESULTS: The frequency of B14 and DRB1*1101-4 antigens/alleles, as well as the A2B5DR11 haplotype, showed a statistically significant difference in those patients who responded to immunotherapy. On the other hand, HLA-A28, B8 and DRB1*0301 antigens/alleles, as well as the frequency of the A1B8 and A1B8DR3 haplotypes, were found to be significantly higher in patients who responded poorly to SIT. DISCUSSION: Our findings support the hypothesis that treatment responsiveness may show an association to HLA molecules, which could thus play a role in the immunological selection and monitoring of atopic patient candidacy for SIT.

Adolescent↗