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Results for “Drinking Behavior”

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PubMed1987

Extroversion, anxiety and the perceived effects of alcohol.

To test the hypothesis that personality characteristics are related to alcohol-effect expectancies, 256 (115 men) college students were divided into groups on the basis of self-reported alcohol consumption and anxiety and introversion scores on the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Three-way multivariate analyses of variance were conducted to determine expectancy differences by drinking behavior, personality characteristics and sex. Alcohol expectancy scores were found to vary with drinking behavior and personality measures. Elevated expectancy scores were associated with higher quantity-frequency measures of drinking; however, no significant sex differences were obtained. Extroverted students expected more social and physical pleasure, more relaxation and less arousal with drinking. Students with higher levels of trait anxiety expected more global positive changes, sexual enhancement, social assertion and arousal. The association of drinking behavior and personality with expectancies appears to be independent and additive.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

Does alcohol use mediate the association between alcohol evaluations and alcohol-related problems in adolescents?

Alcohol use becomes more frequent during adolescence, with the percentage of youth who drink doubling from 8th grade to 12th grade. The escalation in drinking behavior during adolescence is often associated with increased problems and other risk behavior, such as drunk driving. In this study, adolescents (N = 557) were recruited from an emergency department to assess their alcohol use, positive and negative evaluations about alcohol, driving after drinking, and problems experienced from drinking. Analyses explored the mediational role of drinking behavior between adolescents' evaluations and problems from drinking and between evaluations and driving after drinking. The findings indicated that drinking behavior partially mediated the association between positive evaluations and problems experienced from drinking but did not mediate the association between evaluations and drunk driving.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Who is the typical college student? Implications for personalized normative feedback interventions.

Personalized normative feedback approaches focus on correcting overestimated peer drinking norms in order to reduce problematic drinking among college students. Generally, personalized normative feedback utilizes the "typical college student" as a normative referent. Prior research has found these interventions to be less effective for women and has suggested the implementation of the typical student referent as one possible explanation. The current research explored how the typical college student is perceived when estimating peer drinking norms. Participants included 182 (98 women, 84 men) students who reported consuming 5/4 or more drinks for men/women on at least one occasion in the previous month. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires on computers located in small private rooms assessing their drinking behavior, perceptions of "typical student" drinking behavior, and demographics of the perceived "typical college student." Overall, the majority of students perceived the typical student to be male. More specifically, the vast majority of men and about half of women perceived the typical student as male when estimating drinking norms. These findings provide empirical corroboration for previous researchers' suggestions that both men and women tend to think of the typical college student as male when estimating peer drinking norms. Results are discussed in terms of implications for personalized normative feedback interventions.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Personality characteristic of the female alcoholic.

Utilized the Personal Reaction Inventory (PRI-100) on a sample of 47 hospitalized female alcoholics and a control group of 47 individually matched nonalcoholic Ss. A measure of drinking behavior was established by the Volume Variability Index (V/V) administered to each S immediately prior to the administration of the PRI-100. A test-retest experimental design over a 2-week period yielded an average reliability coefficient of .88 for the PRI-100. The findings show that the personality characteristics associated with Assertive Antisocial Behavior, one of the factors of the PRI-100, are valuable predictors of drinking behavior. The two other personality factors of the PRI-100, Lack of Order and Lively Social Presence, were found to be unrelated to drinking behavior and therefore inadequate predictors.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed1993

[An investigation on public awareness, attitude and behavior toward drinking water quality in Taiwan].

The objective of this study was to investigate the public awareness, attitude and behavior toward drinking water quality. The results showed that (1) Overall, 80.6% of those responding to the survey rated their local drinking water quality as above average or better. (2) Even though most people were happy with the present quality of their drinking water, 79.2% of the public characterized themselves as concerned about encountering substances in drinking water in their lifetime that could lead to bad health effect or death. (3) 73.8% of the survey respondents never examined the water facilities for their own use.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Alcohol outcome expectancies and coping styles as predictors of alcohol use in young adults.

This study was designed to examine the pattern and strength of relationships among coping styles and alcohol outcome expectancies with regard to drinking behavior in young adult social drinkers. Quantity and frequency of weekly consumption were used as criterion measures, and alcohol outcome expectancies/valences (CEOA: Fromme, Stroot & Kaplan, 1993) and coping styles (COPE: Carver, Scheier, & Weintraub, 1989) were used as predictor variables. For males, the expectancy of risk and aggression, and the valence of cognitive and behavioral impairment, were predictive of drinking behavior. For females, sociability valence and the expectancy of negative self-evaluation positively predicted the alcohol-use measures. With regards to coping styles, alcohol and drug disengagement and suppression of competing activities uniquely predicted alcohol use in males, whereas alcohol and drug disengagement, turning to religion, and behavioral disengagement were predictive of female alcohol use. In general, coping styles were more predictive of the alcohol-use measures than were alcohol-outcome expectancies. Practical implications of these results are highlighted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

PubMed2006

Eating and drinking activity of newly weaned piglets: effects of individual characteristics, social mixing, and addition of extra zinc to the feed.

In production systems, piglets usually fast for a period after weaning, thereby increasing the risk of diarrhea and a reduction in growth. The low level of eating may relate to insufficient drinking activity, as solid feed intake must be accompanied by water intake. Mixing of newly weaned piglets is a well-known stressor and a common procedure in pig production. The effect of mixing on the temporal development of eating and drinking activity in newly weaned piglets has not been elucidated. High concentrations of zinc (Zn) in the feed improve the health and performance of piglets after weaning, but the underlying mechanisms are still obscure. One possibility is that Zn affects eating and drinking behavior. The effects of mixing 4 littermates from each of 2 litters and adding zinc oxide (ZnO; 2,500 ppm of Zn) to the feed were studied in a 2 x 2 factorial experiment using 123 piglets weaned at 27 d of age. Individual eating and drinking times during the initial 48 h after weaning were analyzed on 2 levels of aggregation, day and hour. The piglets spent less time eating on the first day after weaning compared with the second day (20 +/- 5 vs. 98 +/- 10 min, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas they spent more time drinking on the first day compared with the second day (13 +/- 1 vs. 9 +/- 0.5 min, respectively; P < 0.001). Eating and drinking times were positively associated (P < 0.001). Females ate for longer than males (61 +/- 8 vs. 44 +/- 7 min/24 h, respectively, P = 0.002), whereas sex did not affect drinking time. Drinking time increased (P = 0.003) and eating time decreased (P = 0.001) with increasing preweaning growth rate and weaning weight. Neither mixing nor addition of ZnO affected the daily eating time. However, nonmixed piglets given 2,500 ppm of Zn as ZnO in the feed spent more time drinking per day (12 +/- 1 min) than did nonmixed piglets offered 100 ppm of Zn as ZnO (10 +/- 1 min; P = 0.002). Mixing also affected the hourly distribution of the drinking activity (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the drinking behavior of newly weaned piglets was more affected by the external factors, mixing and addition of ZnO to the feed, than the eating behavior. As eating and drinking are strongly associated, more focus should be paid to the water intake and the interplay between eating and drinking behavior in future studies aiming to reduce weaning problems.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed2001

Training-related harassment and drinking outcomes in medical residents versus graduate students.

This study examined the prevalence of sexual harassment and generalized workplace abuse, and their differential effects on drinking behaviors in medical residents and graduate students at an urban American university. While medical residents had greater odds of experiencing harassment and abuse in their training programs, it was found that in most cases their deleterious drinking behaviors decreased, whereas graduate student drinking behaviors increased as a consequence of these experiences. The drinking outcomes of men were more affected by harassment and abuse than those of women.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Exposure to nicotine enhances acquisition of ethanol drinking by laboratory rats in a limited access paradigm.

Observations in humans suggest that the initial use of tobacco occurs in close temporal proximity to experimentation with alcohol. There have been relatively few research reports, however, examining possible interactions between these two agents. The present experiments examined the effect of nicotine exposure on the acquisition of ethanol drinking behavior in a limited access procedure. In experiment 1, rats were presented with 1-h access to ethanol solutions of increasing concentration for a period of 20 days. Subcutaneous injections of nicotine (0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg salt) or vehicle were administered 30 min prior to each ethanol presentation. Experiment 2 used a similar method, but rats were presented with water along with ethanol during the 1-h test session. Mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, was administered 30 min prior to the nicotine treatment. Nicotine was seen to produce a dose-dependent increase in ethanol drinking behavior which commenced at the 5% ethanol concentration and continued at 8% and again at 10%. In the second experiment, mecamylamine was observed to block completely the nicotine-induced increase in ethanol drinking behavior. The findings suggest that exposure to nicotine can facilitate the acquisition of ethanol drinking behavior in naive rats and that this effect is mediated by nicotine's interaction at the nicotinic-cholinergic receptor.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2001

[Behavior of drinking alcoholic beverages among junior and senior high school students in the area covered with Wakkanai Health Center of Hokkaido, Japan].

We conducted a survey on behavior of drinking alcoholic beverages among students in November, 2000 in the area covered with Wakkanai Health Center of Hokkaido, Japan. A questionnaire was completed by 743 junior high school students (88.9% of the study subjects) and 791 senior high school students (76.3% of the study subjects). As a result, the proportion of the students who drank more than once per month was higher in this area than in other places of Japan. For example, 90.2% and 87.9% in the male and female senior high school students of the third grade drank more than once per month. Their frequent drinking was not related to their early onset of drinking. They often drank alone or only with their friends. Frequent drinkers among the students tended to get alcohol beverages from various roots, including face-to-face salespersons in package stores, convenience stores, or bars. Frequent drinkers among the students tended to have more experienced the problems associated with drinking such as blackout and vomiting. A large proportion of the students in this area had relatively poor knowledge about harmfulness of drinking. It has been suggested that people in this area are permissive to drinking among youngsters, as compared to other places in Japan. We think that it is indispensable to communicate or educate harmfulness of drinking during adolescence for students as well as for their parents, especially, in this area.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Seasonal variation in self-reports of recent alcohol consumption: racial and ethnic differences.

OBJECTIVE: This study considered whether monthly variation in self-reports of recent alcohol consumption differs systematically by race. METHOD: Telephone survey data collected by the Centers for Disease Control's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) were used to measure self-reports of drinking and heavy episodic drinking in the 30 days before the interview. The sample (N = 1,087,813) comprises adults over the years 1985-2000. Monthly variation in self-reports of any drinking and heavy episodic use were evaluatedusing logistic regression, controlling for demographic characteristics, year effects and state clustering. RESULTS: The previously documented "January effect" in past month alcohol consumption--that people interviewed in January are much more likely to report drinking behavior relative to the overall odds--is found to exist for every racial group. Seasonal variation in reports of heavy episodic use, however, differs substantially by race. Black and white respondents are more likely to report this behavior when interviewed in January, whereas the associated peak for Hispanic men is in June. Asians reveal no significantly different heavy episodic drinking behavior in any month relative to the overall odds. Cultural specific factors may contribute to this racial variation in heavy episodic drinking behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic characteristics, such as race and ethnicity are important determinants of seasonal variation in self-reports of recent alcohol consumption and should be taken into account by researchers and policymakers.

Alcohol Drinking↗

PubMed2003

Protein-peptide complexes of angiotensins in the mechanisms of thirst motivation.

A comparative analysis of the physiological actions of native angiotensin I and angiotensin II and protein-peptide complexes of angiotensin I and angiotensin II on drinking behavior in rats was performed. The protein-peptide complexes of angiotensin I and angiotensin II had wider spectra of physiological activity than the native peptides. Protein-conjugated angiotensin I, unlike the motivationally neutral native angiotensin I, produced marked activation of innate drinking behavior in mice. The protein-peptide complex of angiotensin II showed selective effects on acquired drinking behavior. These data are assessed with respect to the specific involvement of protein-peptide complexes of angiotensin I and angiotensin II in the mechanisms of thirst motivation during the performance of innate and acquired habits.

Angiotensin I↗

PubMed1981

Effect of coverage on use of an HMO alcoholism treatment program, outcome, and medical care utilization.

Two-hundred-fifty alcoholics were randomly assigned to a full benefit of 50 per cent copayment group before entering an HMO (health maintenance organization) alcoholism treatment program. Data on use of treatment services, use of medical care services, and drinking behavior were collected for one year after intake. The medical care utilization and drinking behavior data were compared to data for the year before intake. The two coverage groups were comparable on sociodemographic characteristics and baseline drinking behavior, but the full benefit group tended to have higher utilization rates for the year prior to intake and significantly more treatment contracts than those having the 50 per cent copayment requirement. Changes in use of medical care services were similar in both groups. Both payment groups improved, but the full benefit group tended to be somewhat more improved. Regression analysis supported the relative unimportance of extent of alcoholism coverage in affecting outcome and subsequent medical care utilization.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of aliphatic diamines on ingestive behavior in the rat.

We examined the pharmacological effects of intracerebroventricularly administered aliphatic diamines on ingestive behavior in male rats adapted to a 4 hr per day feeding and drinking schedule. 1,2-Ethanediamine (ETD), 1,3-propanediamine (PRD), 1,4-butanediamine (putrescine, PUT), 1,5-pentanediamine (cadaverine, CAD) and 1,6-hexanediamine (HED) suppressed feeding and drinking behavior in a dose-dependent manner, but not unless a relatively high dose (over 80 micrograms) was given. The approximate anorectic potency was HED greater than CAD divided by PUT greater than ETD greater than PRD. A sedation was also produced in fairly good parallel to these alterations in feeding and drinking behavior. Thus, there appears to be a relationship between the length of the carbon chain and the potency of the pharmacological action, and these inhibitory effects on feeding and drinking behavior are probably not due to a specific action on the regulatory system for ingestive behavior, but rather to a nonspecific action.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Opiate regulation of angiotensin-induced drinking and vasopressin release.

In rats, intracerebroventricular (i.v.t.) administration of endogenous opioid peptides inhibited angiotensin II-stimulated increase in plasma vasopressin concentration and drinking behavior. Naloxone and naltrexone were used to evaluate the effect of opiate receptor blockade on angiotensin drinking behavior. Both antagonists reduced the amount of water consumed and number of animals drinking in response to angiotensin II (i.v.t.). The time to onset of drinking was unaffected. Leucine5-enkephalin inhibition of angiotensin-stimulated release of vasopressin was also studied. Changes in plasma vasopressin concentration with time (5, 45, 90, 150 and 300 sec) were measured after a single i.v.t. injection of angiotensin II (50 ng), with and without pretreatment with leucine5-enkephalin (100 microgram i.v.t.). Vasopressin was measured by radioimmunoassay. The onset of vasopressin release occurred 5 to 45 sec after angiotensin, reaching peak response between 45 to 90 sec. Leucine5-enkephalin did not affect the onset but reduced the peak response to angiotensin (P less than .05). Saralasin, i.v.t., abolished angiotensin-stimulated increase in plasma vasopressin concentration and prevented the residual, but significant, increase in plasma vasopressin concentration in angiotensin-treated rats given enkephalin. It is concluded that angiotensin stimulates release of vasopressin by interaction with specific, saralasin-sensitive, receptors; leucine5-enkephalin inhibits angiotensin release of vasopressin; and an endogenously synthesized opiate ligand(s) may affect angiotensin drinking behavior.

Angiotensin II↗

PubMed1993

Gender, styles of deviance, and drinking problems.

The analyses reported here draw on recent work on gender and deviance to derive hypotheses concerning sex differences in drinking behavior, reactions of significant others to male and female intoxication, and the psychological consequences of drinking experiences. The hypotheses are evaluated in structural equation models with recent national data on drinking behavior and consequences. Consistent with the gendered deviance perspective, the results suggest that sex differences in style as well as frequency of intoxication mitigate the adverse consequences of female drinking commonly presumed on the basis of biological vulnerability or societal disapproval of female drunkenness. Compared to males, females become intoxicated less frequently and are less likely to abandon personal control while drinking (as indicated by aggression, blackouts, and rapid ingestion). As expected, these sex differences in drinking behavior are smaller among adolescents than among adults. Partly as a result of this different drinking style, significant others are no more likely to criticize girls or women for their drinking than they are to criticize boys or men. Two hypotheses concerning the greater psychological vulnerability of females to depression as a result of drinking or criticism of drinking by significant others are supported among youths but not among adults.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Temperament and personality typologies in adult offspring of alcoholics.

OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of the present study was to derive temperament and personality typologies among adult offspring of alcoholics and their controls in two separate samples. Additional aims were to examine the relation between temperament/personality typologies and drinking behaviors, and to explore the effect of antisocial behavior on this relation. METHOD: The first sample assessed consisted of middle-aged adult men and women (82 offspring of alcoholics and 72 controls), whereas the second sample included only young adult men who were oversampled for antisocial personality disorder (44 offspring of alcoholics and 47 controls). RESULTS: Two distinct temperament typologies emerged across both samples. One typology ("Cluster 1") was characterized by high levels of harm avoidance and pessimism, and low levels of sensation and self-esteem whereas the other typology ("Cluster 2") was characterized by the reverse of these characteristics. Cluster 1 individuals also tended to exhibit many characteristics of the "difficult temperament", whereas Cluster 2 individuals did not. In addition, Cluster 1 individuals were found to consume more alcohol and to have higher MAST scores than Cluster 2 individuals. However, when antisocial behavior was considered, the typologies were unrelated to any of the indices of drinking behaviors in both samples. CONCLUSIONS: The temperament typologies that emerged in the present study are consistent with the literature. More importantly, these typologies were found across two separate samples and among both offspring of alcoholics and offspring of nonalcoholics. Finally, the relationship between temperament/personality typologies and drinking behaviors was generally nonsignificant once antisocial behavior was considered.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Patterns of drinking and drinking outcomes among drug misusers. 1-year follow-up results.

This article investigates patterns of drinking and drinking outcomes among 753 drug-misusing clients recruited to the National Treatment Outcome Research Study (NTORS). More than one third of those who were drinking at intake reported problematic or highly problematic patterns of alcohol consumption. About one third of the sample were abstinent from alcohol at intake and at follow-up. Some improvements in drinking behavior were found at 1-year follow-up, especially among the heaviest and most problematic drinkers. Improvements were specifically related to patterns of preintake drinking behavior. The majority of clients made little change to their pattern of pretreatment drinking behavior and the continued heavy drinking of many drinkers at follow-up is a disappointing finding. Drinking problems have been given insufficient attention in the treatment of illicit substance misuse problems, and efforts should be made to develop and strengthen the assessment and treatment of drinking problems among drug misusers.

Alcohol Drinking↗