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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Commonplace use of "H"].

OBJECTIVES: Describe characteristic use of cannabis and tobacco. CASE REPORT: A young couple were nicotine-dependent smokers who also regularly used cannabis. After treatment for nicotine withdrawal they no longer had a craving for cigarettes but use of hashish increased. DISCUSSION: Although illegal in France, consumption of cannabis has become commonplace. Short-term risk may be low but the liposolubility of hallucinogenic tetrahydrocannabinol retards elimination leading to the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders after chronic, or even episodic use.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Infertility caused by ejaculation disturbances and anorgasmy].

Recent progress in andrology, reproduction biology and medical sexuology have led to a substantial increase of the proportions of pregnancy achieved by males with ejaculation disorders or anorgasmy. Impairment in libido and excitement usually has a psychic cause, apart from rare endocrinological abnormalities such as hyperprolactinaemia and androgen depletion. Another possible cause is chronic use of certain drugs. Causes of erection disorders can be classified on the basis of psychogenous, vascular and neurogenous factors. Ejaculation disorders are caused by embryonal anomalies, neurological disorders and use of certain (psychoactive) pharmaceutical agents. Collecting sperm proves to be virtually always possible. According to current views, the treatment of infertility in ejaculation disorders or anorgasmy should be if possible, elimination of the primary cause or else: in-vitro fertilisation (IVF)/intracytoplasmatic sperm injection (ICSI) with semen obtained after processing a retrograde ejaculate or by means of vibro-ejaculation or electro-ejaculation.

Ejaculation↗
PubMed1997

Inflammation and apoptosis.

Apoptosis is a highly regulated form of programmed cell death defined by distinct morphological and biochemical features; it plays an important role in embryogenesis and the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis in multicellular organisms. Its perturbation has been implicated in a wide range of patho-physiological stages, including autoimmune, bacterial, and viral disease, and degenerative disorders. The critical role of apoptosis in eliminating harmful or injured cells from tissues suggests its participation in inflammatory processes and in the resolution of inflammatory reactions. In this article, we briefly review the molecular mechanism of apoptosis and the role of apoptosis in inflammation.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Health effects of cassava consumption in south Ethiopia.

Health problems associated with cassava consumption was studied in three villages (Kodowono, Lotte and Woidewashe) of Gamo-Gofa, South Ethiopia. Total goitre rate (% TGR) increased with increasing rate of cassava consumption while, urinary iodine excretion (UIE) was found to be in the normal value range for the three villages. In both males and females incidence of goitre after the introduction of cassava to Kodowono village was significantly higher than before introduction of cassava (p < 0.001). This may indicate that the high rate of goitre is attributed to the frequency of cassava consumption. Of 450 individuals interviewed for health problems associated with cassava meal consumption, 50% reported that they were suffering from epigastric burning pain and dizziness while 38.7% reported abdominal distention and vomiting. Vomiting was relatively higher in the age group 20 years and below than it was in those above 20 years of age. These problems may be attributed to cassava consumption because, cassava contains cyanide which results in intoxication when poorly processed cassava meal is taken. Goitre prevalence and health problems attributed to cassava consumption therefore, necessitate an intervention programme to control iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), develop appropriate processing techniques to eliminate cassava toxicity and educate villagers on how to prepare safer meals from cassava.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Exercise tests and respiratory gas analysis in cardiology. Testing procedure and selected parameters needed for evaluation of cardiopulmonary system function].

The analysis of data obtained during cardiopulmonary test at rest and during progressively increasing work rate exercise testing can be used to determine accurately cardiac functioning and cell respiration. The cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) should be carried out according to the detailed description of testing procedures. The pre-test provides the patient with practical trials and instruction. The next stages of the testing are: the rest (preparing the patients, resting spirometry), warm-up (resting metabolism), exercise of incremental work rate, recovery. The aim of the paper is to present the main parameters: maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic threshold (AT), threshold of the decompensated metabolic acidosis (TDMA), heart rate reserve, oxygen pulse (O2-puls), tidal volume (VT), breathing reserve, physiologic dead space and tidal volume ratio (VD/VT). Our objective is to familiarize the reader with the most modern examination methods which allow for evaluation of disorders in cardiovascular and pulmonary systems. CPX eliminates subjective evaluation which makes easy the diagnosis and estimation of the results of the treatment of many diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Disorders of mitochondrial protein synthesis.

Mitochondrial tRNA gene mutations, including heteroplasmic deletions that eliminate one or more tRNAs, as well as point mutations that may be either hetero- or homoplasmic, are associated with a wide spectrum of human diseases. These range from rare syndromic disorders to cases of commoner conditions such as sensorineural deafness or cardiomyopathy. The disease spectrum of mutations in a given gene, or even a single mutation, may vary, but some patterns are evident, for example the prominence of cardiomyopathy resulting from tRNAIle defects, or of MERFF-like disease from tRNALys defects. Molecular studies of many laboratories have reached a consensus on molecular mechanisms associated with these mutations. Although precise details vary, loss of translational function of the affected tRNA(s) seems to be the final outcome, whether by impaired pre-tRNA processing, half-life, base-modification or aminoacylation. However, a mechanistic understanding of the consequences of this for the assembly and function of the mitochondrial OXPHOS complexes and for the physiological functions of the affected tissues is still a distant prospect. This review presents some views of possible downstream consequences of specific tRNA deficiencies.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed2002

Immune reconstitution after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation and its influence on respiratory infections.

Hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation has evolved as the best therapeutic option for many patients with hematologic malignancy, and it is becoming more common as a treatment for metabolic and autoimmune disorders. The conditioning regimen given before transplantation virtually eliminates all pre-existing immunity, and the resulting immune deficits leave the host susceptible to a variety of respiratory infections, many of which carry significant morbidity and mortality. These deficits resolve over time with re-constitution of the immune system. However, the major arms of the immune response mature along different, but predictable, patterns depending on the underlying disorder, the source of stem cells used, and the presence of complications such as graft-versus-host disease. The immune deficit present at specific times posttransplant can assist in determining the most likely organisms to cause infection. This article outlines the recovery of immunity posttransplant, the most common pulmonary infectious complications, the noninfectious complications that mimic infection, and outlines appropriate preventive strategies in this group of markedly immunosuppressed patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Can a cutaneous-muscular biopsy be helpful in the diagnosis of vasculitis in the stroke?].

Vasculitis includes a heterogeneous group of multisystemic disorders characterized pathologically by inflammation of blood vessels. The diagnosis of vasculitis is difficult and more often than not, it is made indirectly after eliminating other causes of the stroke. Vasculitis is an infrequent disorder and a rare cause of the stroke. This is a case report of a 41-year-old man who had the first-ever stroke with vasculitis diagnosed histologically in a cutaneous-muscular biopsy from the place not changed by the disease. After corticosteroid therapy the hemiparesis disappeared. The patient has continued the treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Infantile epileptic syndromes and metabolic etiologies.

Inherited metabolic disorders can cause onset of epilepsy in the first year of life. Epilepsy rarely dominates the clinical presentation, which is more frequently associated with other neurologic symptoms, such as mental retardation, hypotonia and/or dystonia, or vigilance disturbances. The pathogenesis of seizures is multifaceted; inherited metabolic disorder can affect the balance between excitatory and inhibitory chemical mediators, eliminate an energetic substrate at the cerebral level, cause in utero brain malformation, or provoke acute brain lesions. Some clinical disorders that strongly suggest particular metabolic etiologies can be identified. For example, specific clinical signs and findings on electroencephalogram (EEG) are characteristic of pyridoxine-dependent seizures, and inherited metabolic disorders associated with early myoclonic encephalopathy are well defined. In most cases, however, epilepsy secondary to inherited metabolic disorders presents with polymorphic clinical and EEG features that are difficult to classify into precise epileptic syndromes. Common characteristics of these seizures include onset in the first months of life; usually partial, multifocal; simple partial motor semiology; successive appearance of tonic seizures, spasms, and massive myoclonus; and resistance to antiepilepsy drugs. Inherited metabolic disorders must be considered in patients presenting with epilepsy and progressive neurologic worsening.

Anticonvulsants↗
PubMed1995

HPLC analysis of amino acids in inborn errors of metabolism.

Analysis of amino acids in blood or urine is a valuable diagnostic tool in cases of suspected metabolic disorders. The presence of a characteristic pattern of elevated amino acids is very useful in the diagnosis of these rare disorders. The detection of an apparently normal pattern of amino acids is also helpful to the clinician since it will eliminate many inborn errors of metabolism from the list of potential disorders. Methodologies for amino acid analysis in physiological fluids range from the very simple thin layer chromatography to automated low pressure or high pressure chromatography. Low pressure chromatography using a Beckman analyzer or similar instrument is the most common methodology for physiological amino acid analysis. Chromatography (HPLC) systems for amino acid analysis of proteins are available that can be modified for use with physiological samples. Waters makes a system called Picotag(TM) and Applied Biosystems makes an automated analyzer. These HPLC systems have some advantages over LPLC systems, including lower equipment cost, less caustic buffer systems and improved separation of certain amino acids.

Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Invention and mystery in hypotrich DNA.

Hypotrichs have evolved extraordinary ways of organizing, manipulating, and replicating the DNA in their micronuclear and macronuclear genomes. Short macronuclear DNA molecules containing single genes are created by excision from chromosomes, accompanied by massive elimination of the germline DNA sequences between genes. Germline genes themselves are interrupted by multiple noncoding segments called internal eliminated segments, or IESs, that divide genes into multiple macronuclear-destined segments, or MDSs. The functional significance of this organization is unknown. Over evolutionary time IESs accumulate mutations rapidly, are inserted into or excised from genes, and shift position along DNA molecules. MDSs are ligated to create functional genes when IESs are spliced out of micronuclear DNA during macronuclear development. MDSs in some germline genes are in scrambled disorder and become unscrambled in association with IES elimination. Replication of DNA in the macronucleus is accomplished by organization of replication enzymes and factors into a structure that sweeps through the macronucleus to replicate the many millions of gene-sized DNA molecules. The significance of many of the bizarre DNA phenomena in the evolutionary/functional success of hypotrichs is still unclear.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Fatigue in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Fatigue is a frequent complaint during cardiovascular disease and can sometimes constitute the first clinical manifestation of this disease. It is responsible for deterioration of the quality of life and prognosis. Although physical and mental fatigue are often intimately interrelated, these two aspects of fatigue correspond to different pathophysiological mechanisms and different clinical features and the neurobiological links between the two are only just beginning to be studied. Physical fatigue is related to loss of efficacy of the effector muscle, due to multiple causes: mismatch of cardiac output during exercise, muscle and microcirculatory deconditioning, neuroendocrine dysfunction, associated metabolic disorders. Mental fatigue corresponds to predominantly depressive mood disorders with a particular entity, vital exhaustion. The diagnostic approach is designed to eliminate other organic causes of fatigue. Functional tests investigating physical (exercise capacity) and mental dimensions (mood disorders) can be used to analyse their respective roles and to propose personalized management, in which rehabilitation has an essential place due to its global approach. The objective of this reduction of fatigue is threefold: to improve independence, to improve quality of life and to limit morbidity and mortality.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1978

Development of a model for transepidermal elimination.

Transepidermal elimination is a phenomenon which occurs spontaneously in certain skin disorders in which effete connective tissue or foreign materials is expelled via the epidermis to the exterior. In order to learn how this phenomenon is effected and what factors control it, we have attempted to produce an animal model for the process. When charcoal particles are deposited subepidermally in guinea-pig flank skin transepidermal elimination occurs within 4 days and we believe that this mimics the disorder seen in man. The hair follicles became hyperplastic and were intimately involved in the reaction, some of the particles actually being expelled via the follicular lumina. The reaction has some similarities to the wound healing response.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Depot neuroleptic usage in adults with learning disabilities.

Most previous surveys of depot neuroleptic usage have monitored the consumption of oral psychoactive medications by heterogeneous mental handicap hospital populations. The present study assessed the prevalence, patient, practice and service delivery factors associated with depot neuroleptic usage in community learning disabilities services. The total of 79 adult subjects receiving depot neuroleptics roughly represented 0-5% of local service users. Several significant differences emerged between the factors associated with usage in the 61 (77%) subjects with psychotic disorders and 18 (23%) other subjects. Fitting backward elimination regression models accounted for 67-75% of the depot dosage variance. Comparison of these results with data from previous depot research studies suggested several methodological, clinical, ethical and research issues for future consideration.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Assessing the population impact of low rates of breast feeding on asthma, coeliac disease and obesity: the use of a new statistical method.

BACKGROUND: Lack of breast feeding has been reported to be associated with a number of chronic childhood disorders. AIM: To use a recently described measure, the population impact number of eliminating a risk factor over a time period (PIN-ER-t), to quantify the burden of low rates of breast feeding in a UK population of babies born in 2002 with regard to asthma, coeliac disease and obesity. METHODS: We performed literature searches for systematic reviews with meta-analyses that had investigated the association between breast feeding and asthma, coeliac disease and obesity. Based on these data, and published data on the prevalence of breast feeding and the prevalence of the disorders, we calculated PIN-ER-t and estimated the number of cases of each disorder which could be prevented by eliminating "no breast feeding" as a risk factor. RESULTS: In the population of the 596 122 babies born in England and Wales in 2002, the number of cases of asthma, coeliac disease and obesity that could be prevented over 7-9 years if "no breast feeding" as a risk factor was eliminated were 33 100 (95% CI 17,710 to 47,543), 2655 (95% CI 1937 to 3343) and 13639 (95% CI 7838 to 19308), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The population burden of low breast feeding rates is high with regard to these chronic disorders. The use of PIN-ER-t allows the population burden of low breast feeding rates to be quantified and communicated in a way that will make it easier for both the general public and decision makers to understand.

Asthma↗
PubMed1986

A clinical and electromyographic study of the long-term effects of an occlusal splint on the temporal and masseter muscles in patients with functional disorders and nocturnal bruxism.

The postural activity of the temporal and masseter muscles in thirty-one patients with signs and symptoms of functional disorders were studied: before, during and after 3-6 months of occlusal splint therapy. The fluctuating signs and symptoms, as well as the postural activity of the temporal and masseter muscles were significantly reduced after treatment. Further, the coefficients of correlation within pairs of postural activity of the right and left muscles increased significantly. After cessation of the splint therapy the signs and symptoms recurred to the pre-treatment level within 1-4 weeks in about 80% of the patients. The results indicate that an occlusal splint can eliminate or diminish signs and symptoms of functional disorders and re-establish symmetric and reduced postural activity in the temporal and masseter muscles, which can facilitate procedures, such as functional analysis and occlusal adjustment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Dilated cardiomyopathy in Kugelberg-Welander disease: coexisting sleep disordered breathing and its treatment with continuous positive airway pressure.

A rare complication of possible secondary dilated cardiomyopathy to Kugelberg-Welander disease was described in a 53-year-old patient with this inherent motor neuron disease, whom we diagnosed after a genetic analysis of the defective survival motor neuron gene. An association of sleep disordered breathing of Cheyne-Stokes respiration was diagnosed, which was virtually eliminated with continuous positive airway pressure via nasal mask. Considering the paucity of therapeutic options in most degenerative neuromuscular disorders, ameliorations in not only sleep quality but also cardiac function with continuous positive airway pressure have clinical implications.

Blood Gas Analysis↗