PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Eye Protective Devices”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Radiation dose to the eyes using a "German helmet" field with the 4-MV linear accelerator.

A "German helmet" field defined by depleted uranium or Asarcola blocks was used to reduce the dose to the lens. With the uranium blocks, the lenticular dose was reduced to about 60% of the central axis dose (CAD). The Asarcola blocks reduced the lenticular dose to about 43% of the CAD. Even further reduction (15% CAD) was achieved by tilting the gantry 5 degrees or 10 degrees.

Eye↗
PubMed2000

Increase in peripheral blood flow due to extraocular direct irradiation of visible light in rats.

We have conducted experiments to clarify the existence of extraretinal photosensitivity in mammals through the measurements of skin blood flow variation due to light irradiation. We found that blood flow shows a synchronized transient increase with a irradiation-nonirradiation sequence. The action spectrum of the phenomenon was found to show peaks at approximately 410-420 nm, 540-550 nm, and 570- 580 nm. These peaks coincide with the specific optical absorption peaks of B and Q (alpha,beta) bands in sixfold coordinated ferruos-heme complexes such as nitric oxide (NO)-Hb. The blood flow increase in the irradiated duration disappears when the rats are intraperitoneally injected with 1H-[1,2,3]oxydiazolo[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), which is an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, and N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate and N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, which are inhibitors of NO synthase. On the basis of the present results, we propose a photochemical model of the photosensitivity mechanism where optical absorption of the sixfold coordinated ferrous heme-NO complex plays a main role.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Eye deviation in patients with one-and-a-half syndrome.

To understand malalignments of the visual axes in one-and-a-half syndrome, we measured eye positions in 4 patients with this syndrome under two conditions: with Frenzel goggles to prevent eye fixation and without Frenzel goggles. When fixation was prevented with the Frenzel goggles, all patients showed mild outward deviation in both eyes. Removal of the Frenzel goggles elicited adduction of the eye ipsilateral to the side of the lesion for fixation, with greater outward deviation of the contralateral eye (acute stage), or adduction of both eyes to midposition for biocular fixation (convalescent stage). In 3 patients whose outward eye deviation with Frenzel goggles was greater on the ipsilateral side, a transition from one-and-a-half syndrome to ipsilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia was noted, whereas a transition to ipsilateral gaze palsy was seen in the one patient whose deviation was greater on the contralateral side. These findings suggest that in one-and-a-half syndrome patients, the eyes tend to be in divergent positions when fixation is prevented; ipsilateral eye deviation may result from medial longitudinal fasciculus involvement, and contralateral eye deviation may result from paramedian pontine reticular formation involvement. Viewing a target may lead to a secondary deviation or adaptation of eye positions for fixation.

Aged↗
PubMed1999

Changes in the epidemiology of ruptured globe eye injuries due to societal changes.

We studied 208 records of patients, who had undergone primary repair of a ruptured globe. A comparison of the periods 1987-1989 and 1993-1995 suggests epidemiological changes as a result of broad changes in occupational and social conditions after the German reunification in 1989. The rate of ruptured globe injuries caused by occupational accidents decreased from 38.8% in the first period to 31.4% in the second. We found an increase in comparable eye injuries as a consequence of leisure activities. Within the years from 1993 to 1995, in occupational accidents, we found a significant decrease in eye injuries in industry while accidents in small companies (e.g. garages, builders and constructors) increased significantly compared to 1987-1989.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2002

Studies on ultraviolet radiation and health effects: ocular exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

A wide variety of studies were conducted over the last 10 years to more carefully determine the exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the natural environment, which are especially concerned with the UV exposure to the eye. Careful measurements of global UV radiation and personal exposure were performed. A mannequin head model was developed that monitors the UV radiation to different locations on the face including at the eye. The effectiveness of hat and glasses and/or sunglasses was studied. Furthermore, models of estimating UV exposure were tested in field trials with schoolchildren, and the results were applied to the participants of epidemiological studies. In this article, these studies are briefly reviewed.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2002

The effects of protective eyewear on glare and crystalline lens transparency.

PURPOSE: Sunglasses have generally been used to protect against glare. Various kinds of sunglasses which correspond to the visual environment are on the market (e.g. for driving, fishing, skiing, etc.). As for the spectral transmission factor of sunglasses, the differences that occur in user's eyes with aging have not been fully considered. We investigated the relationship between different levels of crystalline lens transparence and the effects of glare protection using two kinds of filters. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A Tri-Blocker filter (TB) and general driving filter (ActiveDrive, ADR) were used. The TB absorbs three spectral wavelengths (below 400 nm, blue light, 575 nm) and can be transparent for other visible light. The ADR reduces the light below 650 nm. TB and ADR transmit 52.5 and 29.0% of the visible light, respectively. Twenty-five normal volunteers with transparent lenses (n = 48 eyes, aged from 22 to 68 years) and 10 cortical cataract patients (n = 18 eyes, aged from 48 to 71 years) were selected. The visual acuity of all subjects was 1.0 or better with the best correction. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was measured in four simulated light conditions (daylight, daylight with peripheral glare, twilight, twilight with central glare) by MCT8000 (Vistech). The light scattering intensity of the crystalline lens was measured by EAS-1000 (Nidek). RESULTS: The TB improved the CSF of the elderly volunteers under daylight conditions and of 1 of the cataract patients under all conditions. In the younger group, the CSF did not change under daylight conditions and deteriorated under twilight conditions. Although the ADR was effective for glare protection in the young volunteers, the protective effects of the TB were better than those of ADR for the middle-aged group. CONCLUSION: Sunglasses not only protect against glare but also stabilize visual quality under various light conditions (e.g. passing through a tunnel while driving). Aging changes in lens transparency should be specially considered when developing protective eyewear.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Ice hockey injuries.

OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the distribution and determinants of injuries reported in the pediatric ice hockey literature, and suggests potential injury prevention strategies and directions for further research. DATA SOURCES: Thirteen electronic databases, the ISI Web of Science, and 'grey literature' databases were searched using a combination of Medical Subject Headings and text words to identify potentially relevant articles. The bibliographies of selected studies were searched to identify additional articles. Studies were selected for review based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. MAIN RESULTS: A comparison between studies on this topic area was difficult due to the variability in research designs, definition of injury, study populations, and measurements used to assess injury. The majority of injuries were sustained during games compared with practices. The two most commonly reported injuries were sprains/strains and contusions. Players competing at the Minor hockey, High School, and Junior levels of competition sustained most of their injuries to the upper extremity, head, and lower extremity, respectively. The primary mechanism of injury was body checking, followed by stick and puck contact. The frequency of catastrophic eye injuries has been significantly reduced with the world-wide mandation of full facial protection for all Minor hockey players. CONCLUSIONS: Specific hockey-related injury risk factors are poorly delineated and rarely studied among pediatric ice hockey players leaving large gaps in the knowledge of appropriate prevention strategies. Risk management strategies should be focused at avoiding unnecessary foreseeable risk, and controlling the risks inherent to the sport. Suggestions for injury prevention and future research are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of different ways of covering the eyes on behavior of jaundiced infants treated with phototherapy.

This study was performed to determine whether covering the eyes with an opaque screen over the head end of the bassinet instead of the normal patch would improve the behavioral organization of jaundiced, but otherwise healthy, term infants treated with phototherapy. 38 matched infants were randomly assigned to have a patch or a screen. Serum bilirubin at the time of observation was 11.2-17.5 mg/100 ml (mean = 13.7, patch) and 9.4-16.4 mg/100 ml (mean = 13.4, screen). 19 infants, of whom 11 were jaundiced (6.2-14.3 mg/100 ml, mean = 10.3), served as control subjects. The infants were examined with the Brazelton scale on the 3rd day after birth, when the patch subjects had been under blue light from 6 to 45 h (mean = 23.9), and the screen subjects from 6 to 61.5 h (mean = 22.6). The control subjects scored better (all differences, p less than 0.05) than the patch subjects on inanimate visual, animate visual, visual and auditory, alertness. The control subjects also did better than the screen subjects on inanimate visual, animate visual, animate auditory, visual and auditory, alertness, but poorer on motor maturity and consolability. The screen subjects did poorer than the patch subjects only on skin color lability. At 1 month of age, 9 sets of matched infants were examined. The only difference was that the control subjects did better than the patch subjects on animate visual and lability of state. Our data confirm the poorer short-term orientation performance of jaundiced infants treated with phototherapy but do not indicate that covering the eyes with an opaque screen improves behavioral organization.

Child Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Visual deprivation myopia with translucent and black goggles.

To study how different visual deprivation conditions influence the degree of myopia, chicks were reared under conditions of unilateral and bilateral visual deprivation with translucent and black goggles in environments of a 12-hour light/dark cycle and complete darkness. Two weeks after hatching, the refractive errors and axial lengths of the eyes were measured. The deprived eyes of the light/dark-reared chicks exhibited severe myopia both unilaterally and bilaterally as well as axial elongations. The dark-reared chicks exhibited slight myopia in the eyes with goggles and no significant axial elongation. The experiments suggest that different degrees of visual deprivation can also cause severe myopia, that myopia develops independently in each eye, and that a light/dark environment is required for severe myopia to develop.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Compications in acoustic neuroma surgery.

The findings in a series of 80 cerebellopontine angle tumors are presented. Complications and results are covered in detail. A new method of controlling postoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is presented. Care of the eye in postoperative facial paralysis is emphasized, and a new type of moisture chamber is introduced.

Brain Edema↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Racquetball. A game with preventable injuries.

One hundred fifty-seven racquetball injuries were identified. Eighty-two involved the face, but ocular injuries were probably underrepresented as a result of patient triage protocols. Facial trauma occurred more frequently among novice players. Only 9.9% of the players wore protective facial equipment and 23.1% had taken lessons before being injured. We propose that injuries could be reduced with proper player education, including the wearing of protective facial equipment. A modification in the design of conventional facial equipment is suggested to further reduce injury.

Athletic Injuries↗