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PubMed1975

Perinatal haemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal gland. A clinical and radiological evaluation of 24 consecutive cases.

Up to 1970 only13 fully verified and successfully treated cases of neonatal adrenal haemorrhage were on record. As uniform diagnostic and therapeutic guiding principles are still lacking, our experience of 24 consecutive cases appears worth presentation.--The most frequent clinical signs were a palpable mass in 21 cases, jaundice in 14 patients and urinary infection or sepsis in 10 neonates.--Intravenous urography revealed the diagnosis with a reasonable degree of reliability in all our cases. No additional information of significance was obtained at aortography, employed in 2 of our cases.--Surgical exploration with drainage of the haematoma or adrenalectomy was performed in 18 cases, 6 were treated conservatively.--Recovery was uneventful in all but for one conservatively treated patient. In this case death was caused by a second profuse bleeding, which proved fatal in spite of all life saving efforts.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1986

Cerebrospinal fluid glutamine in intracranial hemorrhage in the newborn.

Cerebrospinal fluid concentration of glutamine was measured in 43 premature and mature babies suffering from intracranial hemorrhage. Compared with a control group of 38 infants we found elevated levels in all infants with intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhages. Two out of ten children with subependymal hemorrhages and approximately half of the children with intraventricular hemorrhages also had elevated levels. Elevated levels of cerebrospinal fluid glutamine persisted for up to three weeks and maximum levels were reached two days to two weeks after birth. The analysis of cerebrospinal fluid glutamine concentration might be useful in the early diagnosis of intraparenchymal and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the newborn infant.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1976

An early rim sign in neonatal adrenal hemorrhage.

Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage can usually be diagnosed on excretory urography without resorting to surgical exploration or invasive diagnostic procedures. In the typical case an avascular mass is seen between the liver and kidney. A case is presented in which a vascular rim surrounded the avascular mass, giving an appearance similar to that of an obstructed upper pole renal duplication. This early vascular rim, not as well known as the calcified rim which develops days to weeks after the acute hemorrhage, is probably created by compression and displacement of adrenal tissue by the central hemorrhage.

Adrenal Gland Diseases↗
PubMed1981

Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants: accuracy in sonographic evaluation.

The real-time high resolution mechanical sonographic sector scanner is a convenient and useful instrument for the detection of intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants. Experience with 27 infants with intracranial hemorrhage detected by sonography and confirmed by computed tomography (CT) or by autopsy is analyzed. The severity of the hemorrhage shown by those methods was graded by an accepted classification for standardized reporting. The extent of intraparenchymal and intraventricular hemorrhage was accurately assessed by sonography in all cases except for small amounts of blood in normal sized ventricles in five of 12 instances. Sonography also failed to detect subarachnoid hemorrhage in each of 13 cases. There were no known false-positive sonograms. From this experience the authors believe sonographic sector scanning should be the initial examination in all infants at high risk for intracranial hemorrhage. When the ventricles are of normal size, CT scanning is recommended to search for small intraventricular hemorrhage that may not be detected by sonography. For subarachnoid bleeding, CT is preferable to sonography.

Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
PubMed1987

The animal models for hemorrhage and thrombosis in the neonate.

Animal models have added significantly to our understanding of adult hemorrhagic and thrombotic diseases. Few models, however, have been developed for studies of the hemostatic disorders in the fetus and newborn. This report reviews the current information on animal models of fetal and neonatal hemostasis. The requirements of a relevant model are addressed and previous studies using fetal and neonatal animal models are reviewed. A recommendation of a single animal for all studies of fetal and neonatal hemostasis is not possible. However, the lamb has been the most frequently studied and appears to provide relevant information regarding normal development and the factors which may adversely influence hemostasis in the fetus and newborn. Animal models, in contrast to in vitro experiments, provide a means of studying the entire spectrum of biologic consequences that results from a single experimentally induced alteration. In the "Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine" Claude Bernard commented "I not only conclude that experiments made on animals from the physiological, pathological, and therapeutic points of view have results that are applicable to theoretic medicine, but I think that without such comparative study of animals, practical medicine can never acquire a scientific character". In the area of blood coagulation, animal models have added significantly to our understanding of the pathophysiology of hemorrhage and thrombosis. There are animal models for both congenital and acquired bleeding disorders including factor VII, VIII, IX, X, XI, and fibrinogen deficiency; as well as von Willebrand's disease and disorders of platelet function.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Trends in perinatal mortality at a Hong Kong hospital.

Causes of perinatal mortality at Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong, were classified into 14 categories from the "P" list of stillbirths and neonatal mortality in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries and Causes of Death. Trends for each category over the period 1970-1979 were examined by regression analysis. Overall perinatal mortality fell from 17.80 in 1970 to 10.94 in 1979. A low incidence of deaths from congenital abnormality and medical complication in the mother was observed. Significant statistical correlations were obtained in the trends in mortality associated with placental hemorrhage, pre-eclampsia, difficult labor, hemolytic disease of the newborn, and prematurity. Improvements in perinatal mortality in these areas as well as inadequacies in perinatal care in other areas, are discussed.

Female↗
PubMed1981

Neonatal infection.

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Adrenal Gland Diseases↗