SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Hamstring Muscles”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources

PubMed2004

[A case of myeloradiculitis as a complication of visceral larva migrans due to Ascaris suum].

A 35-year-old man noticed a tingling sensation and subsequent slight weakness in the distal part of the left lower extremities, which extended to the left thigh over the following 8 months, when he developed a urinary disturbance. He was admitted to a local hospital and diagnosed as having myelitis, because of the presence of a gadolinium (Gd)-enhanced lesion in the lumbar spinal cord corresponding to the tenth thoracic vertebra (Th10) level. The symptoms disappeared along with some residual sensory disturbance following intravenous administration of 1 g of methylprednisolone (IVMP) for 3 days. However, 4 months later, the patient gradually developed gait disturbance, dysuria, impotence, and fecal incontinence, and was admitted to our hospital in May 2001. A neurological examination revealed the presence of myeloradiculopathy causing a slight weakness in the left hamstring muscles, with positive Babinski and Lasegue signs on the same side. In addition, deep tendon reflexes were absent in the 4 extremities and vibration sense was moderately decreased in the lower extremities, though the results of electrophysiological tests of motor and sensory nerves were normal. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study showed a Gd-enhanced lesion in the spinal cord at the Th8-9 vertebrae level, which was 1 to 2 vertebrae above the initially detected lesion. A lumbar puncture yielded cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing mononuclear cells at 7/mm3 that were comprised of an increasd number of CD4+CD25+ activated helper T cells; however, no myelin basic protein or oligoclonal IgG band was present. Serological examinations were negative for the presence of collagen/vascular disorders as well as viral infection due to CMV, EBV, HSV, VZV, and HTLV-1, however, positive for specific antibodies against Ascaris suum in both serum and the CSF, confirming the diagnosis of chronic myeloradiculitis due to visceral larva migrans. The patient was first treated with a single course of a daily 600-mg dose of oral albendazole for 4 weeks, which was resulted in restoration of muscle weakness, as well as disappearance of the Lasègue sign. However, in contrast to the clinical improvement, the CSF sample obtained immediately after completing the treatment showed a worsening trend, as the CSF cell count had increased with a manifestation of marked eosinophilia and CD4+CD25+ cells were also increased. Thereafter, 3-day IVMP treatment was performed twice in cojunction with 3 courses of oral albendazole therapy for the subsequent 4 months, which resulted in normalization of all laboratory measurements concerning the CSF along with a decrement trend in serum and CSF antibody titers specific to Ascaris suum. Our results suggest that neurological involvement due to visceral larva migrans can be efficaciously treated with not only helminthic drugs but also intravenous corticosteroids.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

[Clinical application of biomechanic and functional anatomical findings of the knee joint].

In order to study the functional anatomy of the knee joint, careful anatomical dissections were conducted on over 130 fresh-frozen cadaveric knee specimens. We found no evidence to support the two-bundle and three-bundle theories of cruciate ligament fiber patterns. The longest fibers in the anterior cruciate ligaments (ACL) measured 37 mm, and the longest in the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), 41 mm. Cruciate ligament insertions follow a transition line on tibia and femur. Usually not all the fibers of the cruciate ligaments are taut at the same time. They are progressively recruited according to the biomechanical demands placed on them. Fibre recruitment in the ACL is from knee flexion to extension and in the PCL from extension to flexion. The concept of fiber recruitment was recently evaluated mathematically. As a working hypothesis, the knee joint can be looked upon as a biological realization of the crossed four-bar linkage, even in three dimensions. In vitro measurements have shown that correct graft placement in cruciate reconstructions is critical for knee biomechanics. Incorrect placement of grafts may lead to decreased range of motion and/or increased laxity. Distance changes of 3 mm between femoral origin and tibial insertion of a graft may lead to a 400% increase of graft preload and will thus easily reach published pull-out forces for some of the graft fixation methods (button = 248 N). Precise drill guides and isometers may be helpful in any operative technique (open, arthroscopic). Using the IKDC evaluation form and the KT-1000 arthrometer, our studies on 25 patients demonstrated a direct correlation between intraoperative graft tracking and the clinical outcome 2 years after operation. Biomechanical studies to investigate in vivo strain patterns of the anterior cruciate ligament and in vitro strain patterns of isometrically placed cruciate graft reconstructions showed that they did not reach critical fixation failure or graft rupture loads. The highest values were measured in Lachman and anterior drawer testing. In the 20-kg Lachman test the maximum load was 96 +/- 6 N. This was twice the maximum loads of any of the quadriceps exercises (40-50 N). With an isometrically placed graft, full active range of motion postoperatively and exercises with isolated or combined contractions of quadriceps and hamstring muscles will result in small graft loads. Postoperative immobilization with plaster and/or protection with braces may therefore become obsolete.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament↗

PubMed2004

Eccentric Training and Static Stretching Improve Hamstring Flexibility of High School Males.

OBJECTIVE: To determine if the flexibility of high-school-aged males would improve after a 6-week eccentric exercise program. In addition, the changes in hamstring flexibility that occurred after the eccentric program were compared with a 6-week program of static stretching and with a control group (no stretching). DESIGN AND SETTING: We used a test-retest control group design in a laboratory setting. Subjects were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: eccentric training, static stretching, or control. SUBJECTS: A total of 69 subjects, with a mean age of 16.45 +/- 0.96 years and with limited hamstring flexibility (defined as 20 degrees loss of knee extension measured with the thigh held at 90 degrees of hip flexion) were recruited for this study. MEASUREMENTS: Hamstring flexibility was measured using the passive 90/90 test before and after the 6-week program. RESULTS: Differences were significant for test and for the test-by-group interaction. Follow-up analysis indicated significant differences between the control group (gain = 1.67 degrees ) and both the eccentric-training (gain = 12.79 degrees ) and static-stretching (gain = 12.05 degrees ) groups. No difference was found between the eccentric and static-stretching groups. CONCLUSIONS: The gains achieved in range of motion of knee extension (indicating improvement in hamstring flexibility) with eccentric training were equal to those made by statically stretching the hamstring muscles.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2004

[Quadriceps and hamstring atrophy and weakness after knee trauma and treatment].

158 patients after the knee trauma and operational treatment were evaluated. Quadriceps and hamstring isometric strength and thigh circumference 10 cm above the patella were measured. Injured leg was compared to non-injured. PATIENT GROUPS: Group 1 - 43 patients with isolated ACL injury treated non-operatively. Group 2 - 29 patients after ACL reconstruction using Leeds-Keio prosthesis. Group 3 - 29 patients after subtotal arthroscopic meniscectomy. Group 4 - 13 patients with patellar fractures treated operatively and 6 weeks in long leg cast, Group 5 - 31 patients with proximal articular tibial fractures treated operatively and immobilized 6 weeks in long leg cast. Group 6 - 13 patients with distal femoral articular fractures treated operatively without immobilization. Group 7 - 10 patients with habitual dislocation of the patella after the Campbell-Goldwaith operation and 6 weeks in a long leg cast. CONCLUSIONS: 1) No significant correlation between the quadriceps and hamstring strength deficit and thigh atrophy was found. 2) Strength deficits concerns both quadriceps and hamstring muscles. 3) Strength deficits are higher in patients treated in the long leg casts than in non-immobilized.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Strength and fatigability of the dominant and nondominant hip abductors.

CONTEXT: Contralateral muscular imbalances have been suggested to increase the risk of lower extremity injury. Previous groups have assessed strength of the quadriceps and hamstring muscle groups; however, no previous authors have compared bilateral hip-abductor muscular performance. OBJECTIVE: To examine the strength and fatigability of the hip abductors in the dominant and nondominant legs. DESIGN: Single-group, repeated-measures design. SETTING: Musculoskeletal laboratory. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two healthy subjects (23 males, 19 females; age = 24.3 +/- 2.7 years, height = 173.4 +/- 9.8 cm, mass = 73.7 +/- 11.6 kg). INTERVENTION(S): Subjects performed three 5-second maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) trials of the hip abductors with the dominant and nondominant legs. Following the maximal strength trials, subjects performed a submaximal (50% of MVIC) 30-second fatigue trial with each leg. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Peak torque (PT) was recorded from each MVIC trial. Surface electromyography was used to record muscle activity during the fatigue trials. Power spectral analysis was used to determine the median frequency of each 0.512-second portion of the fatigue trials. Median frequencies were plotted against time, and linear regression was used to determine the median frequency slope (MF(slope)). Data were analyzed using 2-tailed, paired t tests. RESULTS: Hip-abduction PT of the dominant leg (81.0 +/- 23.7 Nm) was significantly larger than that of the nondominant leg (76.1 +/- 9.9 Nm, P = 0.02). There was no difference in MF(slope) between the dominant (-0.37 +/- 0.29) and nondominant limbs (-0.35 +/- 0.34, P = 0.84). The PT and MF(slope) were not significantly correlated (r = -0.07, P = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Hip-abduction strength differences exist between the dominant and nondominant legs. Measures of strength and fatigability were poorly related; therefore, clinicians may opt to assess hip strength and fatigability independent of each another.

Journal Article↗

PubMed2006

[Observation on therapeutic effect of blood-letting puncture combined with electroacupuncture on muscular pulling injury].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the role of blood-letting puncture in the treatment of muscular injury. Methods One hundred and six cases with pulling injury of hamstring muscles were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group (n=55) were treated by electroacupuncture combined with blood-letting puncture at Ashi points on the injury part. The control group (n=51) were treated with simple electroacupuncture. RESULTS: Both the 2 groups were effective. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in the therapeutic effect for the patient with a duration of illness of 1-14 days; but for the patient with the duration of illness of over 14 days, the treatment group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). For the patient with simple injury of the belly of muscle, the treatment group was better than the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Blood-letting puncture combined with electroacupuncture in the therapeutic effect on muscular pulling injury is superior to the control group, with treatment advantages for the patient with longer duration of illness and simple injury of belly of muscle.

Acupuncture Points↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Trypanosoma cruzi: induction of changes in the peripheral nervous system in different strains of mice].

This study has been designed to find an easy method to evaluate the motor unit alterations induced during experimental T. cruzi infections. Different mouse strains infected with three strains of T. cruzi were used to perform conventional needle electromyography, in one of the lower limb hamstring muscles; amplitude, duration and number of phases of single motor unit potentials were measured. The following parasite strain to mouse strain relationship was investigated, in mice inoculated intraperitoneally with bloodstream forms of T. cruzi: Tulahuen and C3H/HeN, C57Bl, Balb/c, Swiss; CA-I and C3H/HeN, Rockland, NIH; RA and C3H/HeN, Rockland. T. cruzi-induced denervating alterations were found in both C3H/HeN and C57Bl mice infected with the Tulahuen strain, as well as in C3H/HeN mice inoculated with the CA-I strain. Moreover, CA-I trypomastigotes could produce primary muscle changes in C3H/HeN and NIH mice. The technique employed in this investigation proved to be an easy and adequate way to detect changes within the motor unit during T. cruzi infection in mice.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

[Covering of ischial pressure sores using a fasciocutaneous flap from the posterior surface of thigh (modified Griffith method) after mattressing with the biceps femoris. Apropos of 11 cases].

The ischial region is the commonest site for pressure sores in paraplegics capable of sitting. The choice of treatment must be guided by two imperatives: the need for a thick tissue cover (mattressing) and perfect trophicity, the risk of recurrence which always remains possible. The association of a modified Griffith fasciocutaneous flap from the posterior surface of the thigh and a hamstring muscle flap (preferably biceps femoris) providing mattressing of the ischial region, appears to satisfy these imperatives. The other repair procedures are discussed in order to ensure the best management of the paraplegic patient's cutaneous capital, due to the continual risk of a new pressure sore or a recurrence of the ischial pressure sore.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

The hamstring syndrome--a new gluteal sciatica.

The condition in which pain is felt over the area at the ischial tuberosity and radiating down the back of the thigh is labelled the hamstring syndrome. The pain is typically incurred by assuming a sitting position, stretching the affected leg or/and running fast. The symptoms are caused by tight, tendinous structures of the hamstring muscle at the area of its insertion into the ischial tuberosity. Following division of these structures, complete relief is obtained.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1991

Knee function after surgical or nonsurgical treatment of acute rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament: a randomized study with a long-term follow-up period.

One hundred fifty-six patients with a total rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were reexamined 41 to 80 months after injury. They were randomized to three treatment groups: (1) repair and augmentation of the ACL with an iliotibial strip, (2) repair without augmentation, and (3) nonsurgical ACL treatment. Associated injuries of menisci and other ligaments were treated in the same way for the three groups. Two-thirds of the patients in the nonsurgically treated group complained of instability and 17% had had a subsequent reconstruction of the ACL at the follow-up examination. The group treated with an augmented repair had a less abnormal laxity measured by a laxity-testing device. Sixty-three percent returned to competitive sports, as compared with 27% in the nonsurgical group and 32% in the only repair group. Relative strength of the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles were similar for all groups. The augmented-repair group had better hop tests, reflecting a superior stability, whereas running was not affected by treatment but was correlated with the activity level.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1979

The passive hamstring stretch test: a comparison of clinical estimates with tension gauge measurements.

A comparison of the clinical estimate of the available passive stretch in the hamstring muscles is made against the changing tension in a spring gauge, as the leg is raised. It was found that the angle at which rotation was palpable in the contralateral anterior superior spine occurred after there was a sharp rise in the tension measurements. The spring gauge was incorporated in a pulley system which allowed the leg to be pulled up and the tension readings were taken at 5 degrees increments of raise. Comparison of the clinical estimates with the tension gauge measurements show the latter to be a more reliable and objective research tool.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed1987

[Dangers of ischiectomy in ulcers in the paraplegic patient. Review of 236 records].

Two hundred and thirty-six paraplegics were operated on for unilateral or bilateral ischial ulceration between 1956 and 1981. A study was made of the long-term results, of the development of recurrences or bilateral involvement in unilateral lesions, of secondary complications and of their treatment and consequences. A distinction was made between procedures involving removal of the ischium and those with preservation of bone. The results, with a follow-up of one to 28 years were less satisfactory after extensive bony resection. Recurrence reached 50 per cent and a contralateral ulcer developed in up to 50 per cent. In contrast, when the ischium was preserved, these figures were respectively 20 per cent and 10 per cent. Complications such as the appearance of other pressure sores, or of perineal or urethral lesions occurred in 50 per cent of cases in which both ischia were resected but did not reach 15 per cent if the ischia were preserved. The analysis of these complications, their etiology and their outcome, with eleven deaths and two disarticulated hips implies the need to treat these ulcerations without removing the ischium. Infection and osteomyelitis can be healed without sacrifice of bone with at most one or two procedures preceding a plastic procedure. Myocutaneous flaps can be used to fill the lesions and to cover the bone with the help of proximal mobilisation of the hamstring muscles.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

[Arthrosis of the knee in chronic anterior laxity].

Arthrosis following rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament has been analysed in two series. The first series was derived from a review of 150 cases of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a follow-up of 3 years or more. Arthrosis was seen to have developed in 13.3%. The second series was concerned with 64 cases of unilateral arthrosis treated by upper tibial valgus osteotomy in whom there had been a previous rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament. The "tolerance time"--that is the time between the original ligamentous injury and the time of osteotomy--for the development of arthrosis was very variable, ranging in cases with a "natural history" from 10 to 50 years with a mean of 35 years. It is important to recognise the radiological signs of the onset of arthrosis. These are osteophytosis of the intercondylar notch, osteophyte formation at the posterior part of the medial tibial plateau, and, in particular, narrowing of the medial joint line with posterior subluxation of the medial femoral condyle, well seen in lateral radiographs whilst standing on one lower limb. Early arthroses, appearing after 10 years, may occur as a "natural arthrosis", but it develops much more frequently after surgical treatment that had failed to correct anterior laxity and particularly when it had been performed on knees that were already pre-arthrotic. The main factor in arthrosis is anterior laxity measured radiologically by an "active Lachman" radiograph. Removal of the medial meniscus, which, in itself, is liable to produce arthrosis is even more harmful in anterior cruciate laxity since it doubles the degree of anterior subluxation of the tibia seen on unilateral weight-bearing. The development of varus deformity, which characterises progressive arthrosis, has its origin in wear of the posterior part of the medial tibial plateau caused by anterior cruciate laxity. Other factors play an important part such as associated lateral laxity, constitutional genu varum and weakness of the hamstring muscles which oppose the subluxating action of the quadriceps.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Quadriceps plasty. A case report.

In a case of traumatic loss of the whole of the distal third of the quadriceps mechanism as well as the overlying skin, knee extension was restored by anterior transfer of the lateral and medial hamstring muscles into the patella.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Another look at the sports preparticipation examination of the adolescent athlete.

The sports preparticipation examination can be worthwhile if the musculoskeletal system is examined carefully, with particular regard for the residual disabilities from previous injuries; this can be accomplished in a two-minute orthopedic examination done in addition to the usual physical examination. As many as 10% of young people may have abnormalities such as patellofemoral syndrome, incompletely rehabilitated ankle sprains, or tight hamstring muscles, which may result in further injury unless a rehabilitation exercise program is instituted.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1985

Peritendinous nodules in overlap syndrome.

Peritendinous nodules were observed in 4 patients with overlap syndrome. In all cases they were multiple, minute and located around the flexor tendons of the forearms and the extensor tendons of the hands. Similar nodules were also found on the extensor aspect of elbows, dorsum of the feet, hamstring muscles and Achilles tendons. Common histologic features were inflammatory granuloma with scattered areas of fibrinoid necrosis, mononuclear cell infiltration and occasional vasculitic lesions. Multiple peritendinous nodules should be considered another clinical feature of overlap syndrome.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Semimembranosus insertion syndrome: a treatable and frequent cause of persistent knee pain.

The semimembranosus insertion syndrome causes pain at the medial aspect of the knee. This pain is aggravated by exercise, walking downstairs and sharp bending of the knee. The patient experiences tender, moderately puffy swelling at the lowest part of the medial hamstrings muscles and painful passive rotation of the knee, while finger pressure over the insertion of the semimembranosus tendon elicits sharp pain. One hundred patients with semimembranosus insertion syndrome were treated with local injection of lidocaine hydrochloride and triamcinolone. All experienced temporary relief of pain immediately. Long-lasting relief of signs and symptoms was achieved in 58 patients, 30 of whom required repeat injections in 3 to 5 months. Pain decreased and disability was less severe in 9 other patients. There were 18 treatment failure, and 15 patients were lost to follow-up.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed1978

[Problems of surgical management of old knee joint injuries].

The problems in reconstructive surgery of old ligamentous injuries arise with the claim for restoration of normal function and anatomy. Based on new findings they are achieved by passive stabilization of the injured ligamentous structures as well as by their active reinforcement by the hamstring muscles. Surgical procedures may be traced back to a sort of integrated system; according to our own experiences these can be performed in any combination when reconstructing rotatory instabilities. Procedures eliminating one plain instability should only be applied with special indication.

Humans↗