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PubMed2005

Osteoporosis knowledge, beliefs, and practices among adolescent females.

PURPOSE: To assess knowledge, beliefs, and practices of osteoporosis risk factors (physical activity, smoking, and nutrition) among adolescent girls. METHODS: Questionnaires consisting of items assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices regarding physical activity, calcium intake, and cigarette smoking were administered to 227 girls aged 12-16 years. The adolescent girls were attending public and separate schools in a small-sized Canadian city. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and Chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Female adolescents believed that physical inactivity, smoking, and inadequate calcium were health-risking behaviors and osteoporosis risk factors, however, specific in-depth knowledge regarding these risk factors was lacking. Findings further showed that health-risking behaviors were evident, as 25% were current smokers, 58% consumed less than the adequate intake for calcium, and 52% had scores that reflected low to moderate physical activity levels. CONCLUSION: These results highlight the need for educational interventions to promote specific osteo-protective practices among adolescent girls.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Vaginal thrush: perceptions and experiences of women of south Asian descent.

It is estimated that 75% of all women will, at some time in their lives, experience at least one episode of vaginal thrush. This paper reports the perceptions and experiences of women of South Asian descent living in England, who were suffering or had suffered from thrush. The paper draws upon data collected during 20 semi-structured interviews. The women reported that thrush sometimes had a considerable impact on their lives, making some of them feel 'dirty', embarrassed, depressed and stigmatized. Some women delayed seeking professional help even if they had access to a female General Practitioner. Access to professional care was sometimes hampered by language barriers, but more often by structural factors of gender and social class. Although almost all the women came originally from Gujarat (or had parents who were born in Gujarat), they reported a wide range of experiences. Since vaginal thrush causes much distress and since it is often preventable, the findings presented here have implications for clinical practice. The paper concludes with suggestions for future developments.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Sociocultural barriers to the use of complementary and alternative medicine for HIV.

The author investigated sociocultural barriers that constrain use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the lives of people with HIV. Qualitative interviews with 62 persons with HIV revealed that 73% (n = 45) of interviewees were classified as potential users of CAM. These included both users and nonusers who expressed interests in using CAM or specific modalities but did not use. The demand for CAM was constrained to the extent that participants were unable to incorporate CAM into their health strategies. Three main CAM constraints dealt with obstacles stemming from the Culture of Medicine, the Social Organization of Alternative Medicine, and Everyday Life. From these constraints, the author drew conclusions about sociocultural factors that slow the diffusion of CAM into mainstream health practices.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

What women say about antenatal care in St Petersburg, Russian Federation.

A capacity building program for professionals in maternal and child health care in St Petersburg, Russian Federation, commenced in 1994. The program was designed to provide 12 workshops in evidence-based antenatal and intrapartum care, as well as appropriate preparation of parents for pregnancy, birth and parenthood, for health care professionals in the city. As part of this program women's observations on the quality of their maternity care services during their transition to parenthood were explored. These reports reflect maternity care practices in the former Soviet Union.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Barriers to cervical screening in older women.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the reasons why some older women do not have regular Papanicolaou smear tests. SETTING: The Ballarat region of Victoria. DESIGN AND METHOD: Cross-sectional survey administered by telephone interview. SAMPLE: Three hundred and forty-seven women aged 40 to 70. RESULTS: 1. 41% of women had not had a Papanicolaou smear test within the preceding 2 years. 2. Women who agreed with the statement that healthy women do not need to have Papanicolaou tests were six times more likely to be overdue for a Papanicolaou test than women who did not agree. 3. Being over 60 significantly increased the likelihood that a woman would be overdue for a Papanicolaou test, compared with younger women. 4. Women who thought that the test is only needed at intervals of 3 years or more were over six times more likely to be overdue than women who believed the interval to be 2 years or less. 5. Women who perceived themselves as being too embarrassed were nearly seven times more likely to be overdue than women who claimed no embarrassment. 6. Women who saw themselves as being too busy to have the test were three times more likely to be overdue than women who did not see themselves this way. 7. Women with a spouse were less likely to be overdue than other women. 8. Women who knew to start having Papanicolaou tests when they were sexually active were less likely to be overdue than women who did not know this. CONCLUSION: Many of these barriers can be overcome by the clinician in routine practice.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Insights on immunizations from caregivers of children receiving Medicaid-funded services.

ISSUES AND PURPOSE: Despite numerous programs aimed at improving immunization rates among American children, under-immunization remains a significant problem. This study was conducted to gain insight into parents'/guardians' knowledge and attitudes regarding childhood immunizations. DESIGN AND METHODS: Thirteen African-American mothers and grandmothers participated in semistructured, audiotaped focus-group interviews. RESULTS: Four major themes emerged: health knowledge and beliefs about immunizations, system barriers that impede obtaining immunizations, facilitators that enhance obtaining immunizations, and suggestions for change. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Immunizations are one of the most important health advantages available to children. Therefore, nurses must become aware of the problem of underimmunization and work to address some of the concerns caregivers have identified in this study. The health and lives of the nation's children depend on it.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Attitudes of teachers to evidence based medicine.

AIM: To describe the attitudes of general practitioners and specialist clinical teachers toward teaching evidence based medicine (EBM). PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: Questionnaire survey of 114 general practitioner and 162 specialist university teachers teaching EBM. RESULTS: Two hundred and six (80%) teachers responded; 196 regularly consulted with patients, 21% had received training, and 40% taught EBM. Those with formal training (68%) taught more often than without (32%) (p = 0.0001), 27% had taught EBM for over 5 years. More GPs (57%) than specialists (40%) asked students to assist in finding evidence (p = 0.036). Most welcomed EBM and were confident in teaching it. Barriers included antagonism to EBM philosophy, shortage of time, and a need for training in teaching EBM. DISCUSSION: Although not all trained, GPs and specialists teach EBM, enjoy doing so, and want to increase their ability to teach it.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Protection from cancer and early diagnosis applications in Izmir, Turkey: a pilot study.

Research was planned as a descriptive and cross-sectional study in order to explore knowledge and practices of individuals residing in the Bornova District about protection from and early diagnosis of cancer. The individuals residing in the Bornova District in Izmir constituted the population of research. A total of 195 persons, who were selected by convenience sampling method, participated in the study. Results show that 89.2% of the individuals knew what cancer was, 50.3% were alcohol consumers, 45.6% knew the relationship between cancer and being overweight, and 41.5% were exercising regularly. Of the individuals enrolled, 75.4% knew that some ingredients in ready-made foods contain substances causing cancer, but only 10.8% paid attention to the ingredients while buying a food, and 26.7% did not pay any attention at all. Of the women, 53.9% knew how to do breast self-examination and 29.2% thought that to have pap smear performed regularly was essential for protection from cancer. Although 14.2% of the men knew how to do testis examination, 76.4% did not know the importance of testis examination. A statistically significant correlation was found between the research participants who knew what cancer was and those who knew the signs of cancer (chi2 = 8.077, SD = 1, P = .004 < .05). The levels of knowledge and practices related to protection from and early diagnosis of cancer among the individuals enrolled in the research were not sufficient.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Survey of smoking knowledge, attitudes and practice in school children in Honduras.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to survey Honduran pre-adolescent knowledge, perceptions and experience regarding smoking. METHODS: A 12-item survey was administered in the classroom to fifth and sixth grade students. The main outcome measures were a description of demographic factors, personal smoking experience, knowledge of health risks, attitudes about tobacco use and perceived sources of information. RESULTS: A total of 225 students were surveyed. The majority were aware that smoking is bad for health, and most reported never having smoked. Most viewed smoking as ugly. Friends and family were selected as the major source of information. CONCLUSIONS: School children in this area of Honduras are aware of the health risks of smoking and view smoking as unattractive.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Using action research in nursing practice with older people: democratizing knowledge.

AIM: This paper reports on an action research study which raised some questions about the processes of developing a sense of shared ownership in action research in a research environment which does not always have the appropriate mechanisms to support and sustain action research. BACKGROUND: Action research has gained popularity in nursing and healthcare research, offering a way of developing practice-based knowledge, which can assist in changing practice and democratizing inquiry. METHODS: There are other organizational constraints on action research which arise at different levels, and which also require discussion. These can be issues about communication and ownership at a practice level and issues of funding and project management procedures. This paper reports on a study in which these issues came to the fore, and offers some thoughts on how they can affect the processes of action research. CONCLUSION: While the principles of action research appear to offer much towards the development of a practice-rooted body of knowledge for nursing, unless some of the issues of ownership are resolved, it is unlikely to move beyond academic rhetoric. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: If nursing is to engage in action research, this must be done critically and reflectively and careful attention paid to developing an inclusive and collaborative approach to knowledge and practice development. Furthermore, to develop in nursing and health care research, it must find ways to meet the requirements of funding bodies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2000

Acute-care nurses' attitudes towards older patients: a literature review.

With increases in life expectancy and increasing numbers of older patients utilising the acute setting, attitudes of registered nurses caring for older people may affect the quality of care provided. This paper reviews recent research on positive and negative attitudes of acute-care nurses towards older people. Many negative attitudes reflect ageist streotypes and knowledge deficits that significantly influence registered nurses' practice and older patients' quality of care. In the acute setting, older patients experience reduced independence, limited decision-making opportunities, increased probability of developing complications, little consideration of their ageing-related needs, limited health education and social isolation. Available instruments to measure attitudes towards and knowledge about older people, although reliable and valid, are outdated, country-specific and do not include either a patient-focus or a caring perspective. This paper argues for the development and utilisation of a research instrument that includes both a patient focus and a caring dimension.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Knowledge and attitudes towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among elementary school teachers.

OBJECTIVE: Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders in child and adolescent psychiatry. ADHD children are at risk for academic and psychological difficulties. Lack of cooperation between schools, parents and therapeutic institutions inhibits a multimodal treatment program. This study surveys teachers' knowledge and attitudes towards attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. METHOD: One hundred and ninety six elementary school teachers in Shiraz, Iran, anonymously completed a self-report questionnaire on ADHD. RESULTS: Knowledge about ADHD was relatively low. 46.9% of respondents agreed that ADHD is due to biological and genetic vulnerabilities and causation. 53.1%of all the teachers considered ADHD to be the result of parental spoiling. The attitude score towards ADHD children was also low. 64.8% agree that the same disciplinary rules used for all students should also be applied to ADHD children. 77.6% believe that ADHD students experience difficulties in their relations with their classmates. There was a significant correlation between teachers' knowledge of ADHD and their attitude. The main sources of knowledge about ADHD were: Television and radio; friends and relatives; periodical, newspapers and magazines. CONCLUSION: Knowledge about ADHD was sound to be very low. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Health and/or Educational Ministry should promote a special course on ADHD for teachers and education should be part of the curriculum in faculty training. Providing these educational programs on television and radio may be highly effective as they were the most common source of information.

Adult↗