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PubMed1989

Health-promoting behaviors, perceived social support, and self-reported health of Appalachian elderly.

The purpose of this descriptive correlational study was to examine the relationships among health-promoting behaviors, perceived social support, and self-reported health of 113 persons age 55 years and over, who were attending nutrition sites in northern West Virginia. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) health-promoting behaviors are positively related to perceived social support; (2) health-promoting behaviors are positively related to self-reported health, and (3) perceived social support is positively related to self-reported health. Only the first two were supported by our findings. Data analysis revealed positive correlations between the average health-promoting lifestyle profile (HPLP) score and education, and frequency of attending the nutrition site screening clinics for high blood pressure and diabetes. Better-educated subjects scored higher on selected subscales of the HPLP (self-actualization and health responsibility). Age was negatively correlated with the HPLP subscales of health responsibility and exercise. Nurses and support personnel at nutrition sites should focus increased attention on the older participants and those who are less well-educated. Expanding the variety and frequency of health services available to nutrition site participants merits attention.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Current trends in Canadian health care: disease prevention and health promotion.

The Canadian national health insurance plan has not extended to disease prevention in any comprehensive way, and to this extent is incomplete. The Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination has done outstanding work, but no provincial insurance plan has systematically adjusted the benefit schedule to reflect its recommendations. Thus, the place of disease prevention under the Canadian system of universal health insurance is remarkably similar to that in the United States. Health promotion has a somewhat different meaning in Canada from that in the United States, emphasizing intervention at the population level more than health education of individuals. The health promotion movement now enjoys considerable support in Canada, especially in the public health sector, in voluntary agencies, and in the policies of the federal and several provincial departments of health. The movement is almost completely separate from mainstream health services, and is unrelated to the insurance program. To date, there has been mostly talk, but several structures are in place which should lead to action.

Canada↗
PubMed2002

Evaluating new health information technologies: expanding the frontiers of health care delivery and health promotion.

The modern health care system is being irrevocably changed by the development and introduction of new health information technologies (such as health information systems, decision-support tools, specialized websites, and innovative communication devices). While many of these new technologies hold the promise of revolutionizing the modern health system and facilitating improvements in health care delivery, health education, and health promotion, it is imperative to carefully examine and assess the effectiveness of these technological tools to determine which products are most useful to apply in specific contexts, as well as to learn how to best utilize these products and processes. Without good evaluative information about new technologies, we are unlikely to reap the greatest benefits from these powerful new tools. This chapter examines the demand for evaluating health information technologies and suggests several strategies for conducting rigorous and relevant evaluation research.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed2001

Health knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP)--a basis for health promotion policy in Israel.

OBJECTIVE: To review how health promotion policy can be based on research data. DATA SOURCES: The Department of Health Promotion, Ministry of Health, Israel, in collaboration with Midgam Research and Consultation Company and the Israel Center for Disease Control have conducted ongoing research on health knowledge, attitudes, and practice in Israel as a basis for health policy. MAIN FINDINGS: Based on data from 1995 to 2000: 1. There is a positive trend in healthy dietary habits. 2. There is no decrease in smoking rates. 3. There is an increase in drinking rates of wine. 4. There is an increase in aerobic exercise. More Israelis declare they eat healthy foods, but currently this is only for 50% of the population. There is a need for health promotion efforts to further increase positive dietary habits. There is an immediate need for extensive health promotion efforts to decrease smoking rates in Israel. Also, there is a need for health promotion campaigns to decrease drinking in Israel. Although more people are participating in aerobic physical exercise, there is a need to further increase this number. CONCLUSION: Data on health knowledge, attitudes, and practice is an important source for health promotion policy. By trends seen in a national survey of health knowledge, attitudes, and practice conducted every two years, additional health promotion policy can be shaped.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

A framework for health promoting emergency departments.

Since 1986, the World Health Organization (WHO) has been advocating for the health sector to move increasingly in a health promotion direction, beyond its responsibility for providing clinical and curative services (WHO, 1986). Some Emergency Departments (EDs) have partially achieved this through providing patient health information, screening and early intervention programs, injury prevention and asthma education. While EDs are a suitable setting for health promotion, they are grounded in a medical paradigm where most of the staff are educated to think exclusively of relation care. As such, a significant organizational shift is required for EDs to be more inclusive of health promotion principles. Following a comprehensive literature review, a theoretical framework was developed for the Health Promoting Emergency Departments Program (HPEDP). It describes the opportunities for health promotion in EDs through combining the 'strategies for health promotion' with the 'spectrum of health and disease'. This forms a matrix to enable health development, primary prevention and secondary prevention interventions to be planned in EDs. The framework is a tool to support the development of coordinate and comprehensive health promotion programs and to avoid the use of isolated victim-blaming strategies. Beyond EDs, planners in other health care institutions may also find the framework useful-particularly those settings where staff health promotion training and experience is limited.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1990

[Health promotion and the role of the health services].

The author analyzes the basic principles of the programme of Health Promotion in relation to health problems in the CSSR. She discusses urgent task of improvement of the health status and their association with the WHO programme Health for All by the Year 2000. She specifies the role of the department of health and in particular the discipline of public health for fulfilling the programme and the importance of a socio-medical approach to the solution of health problems of the population.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1987

A new world with AIDS--health promotion as a catalyst for change.

Preventing the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) requires an unprecedented response from public health professionals, particularly educators and communicators involved with health promotion. Health promotion is defined and discussed in the light of recent experience in a broad range of public health programs. Increased sophistication is needed in the application of social science within health promotion and increased facility in mobilizing cross-sectorial resources to achieve public health objectives and generate confidence in approaching AIDS prevention.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Occupational therapy students' perspectives on occupation as an agent that promotes healthful lifestyles.

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to determine occupational therapy students' perspectives on occupation as an agent that promotes healthful lifestyles, what factors influence these perspectives, and the extent to which formal classroom instruction in occupation as a health-promoting agent influenced their perspective transformation. METHOD: Through a precourse and postcourse survey, weekly log sheets, and audiotaped class discussions, data regarding attitudes and beliefs about health promotion were collected from 23 occupational therapy master's students enrolled in the course Wellness Through Occupation. The data were analyzed with a priori concept coding to determine whether perspective transformation occurred as a result of formal classroom instruction. RESULTS: Participants indicated that family values, previous formal and informal instruction, and personal experience were the major factors that influenced their perspectives on occupation as an agent that promotes a healthful lifestyle. The results demonstrated that participants had a perspective transformation, which is the first step in the behavioral change process. CONCLUSION: Formal classroom instruction can be a factor in promoting healthful lifestyles through occupation. Such instruction can be an important step in empowering people to take responsibility for their own health.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Employee dependents: the future focus of worksite health promotion programs and the potential role of the allied health professional.

The prevalence of health promotion activities has increased in worksites over the last five years. Many companies that have offered health promotion programs in the past have done so primarily for their employees. In the last several years, programs have extended to employee dependents by opening current employee programs to dependents. However, employee health promotion programs may not be relevant or accessible to employee dependents, particularly when children or elderly parents are taken into consideration. This paper outlines several reasons for expanding health promotion benefits to include dependents, suggests a working construct for dependent programs, and discusses the possible roles of allied health professionals in these programs.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The role of the surgical nurse as a health promoter.

This study investigated the role of the hospital nurse as a health promoter, with special reference to surgery. It was hoped to determine whether registered nurses in surgical settings perceived health promotion as part of their role. The findings rejected the null hypothesis and accepted that a role in promoting health exists in surgical settings. After establishing that promoting health is part of every nurse's role and, in particular, that of surgical nurses, the study further investigated whether the role of promoting health was carried out effectively and efficiently while caring for surgical patients. The findings were both positive and encouraging. Although problems and barriers to health promotion exist, the positive attitudes of registered nurses in this survey appear hopeful for the future. The study considers the wider professional context and examines the possibility and feasibility of surgical nurses expanding their role in order to promote health. There is a growing awareness that patients should play a more active role in their treatment and after care. The growing trend towards day surgery usually allows patients to return home within 24 hours. However, in reality, many are kept in hospital for either the morning or the afternoon which means considerably reduced contact time with hospital nurses.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Learning to 'walk our talk': the implications of sociological theory for research methodologies in health promotion.

In recent formulations of the concept of health promotion, such as Achieving Health for All and the Ottawa Charter, emphasis is clearly placed on comprehensivity and the integration of individual and social determinants of health, broadly defined. This paper is premised on the observation that despite evidence of a paradigm shift in the way we talk about health promotion at a conceptual level, we have yet to properly articulate a 'new' research methodology to accompany the 'new' health promotion. The paper has three main sections. First, some of the limitations and contradictions that separate the rhetoric of health promotion from its current operationalization in research practice are discussed. In asserting the inherent links between theory, methodology and method, the need for a new research paradigm is demonstrated. In the second section, seven key issues derived from the literature on sociological theory are identified and discussed in terms of their implications for choosing a new research methodology for health promotion. In the third section it is suggested that using these issue areas as a 'decision map' leads to the selection of a preferred strategy which brings together both interpretive and critical perspectives to bear on our understanding of social reality as it affects health. Elements of both of these approaches and the nature of their potential complimentarity are considered. Throughout these deliberations the reader is encouraged to consider the potentially conservative or activist orientations that alternate methodologies imply, and to critically evaluate how these mesh with the emerging rhetoric of fostering empowerment that is the cornerstone of the 'new' health promotion.

Health Promotion↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children in the context of "Achieving Health for All: a Framework for Health Promotion".

We analyze Achieving Health for All: A Framework for Health Promotion with respect to children. Although the document acknowledges the health needs of children, it depicts them as passive beneficiaries of health care efforts taken by others on their behalf. We believe that, like adults, children should become active participants in all of the health-promoting activities proposed in the framework and that they can do so if taught life skills for health which emphasize decision making, coping and community participation skills.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1993

HIV/AIDS health promotion: a way forward.

Health promotion on HIV/Aids should be integral to the work of health visitors and school nurses, writes Michael Watson. But this work must be fully evaluated to ensure effectiveness. Here he describes the evaluation of HIV/Aids health promotion and looks in particular at approaches and methods suitable for individual professionals and districts.

Community Health Nursing↗