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Results for “IODINE, RADIOACTIVE”

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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Comparison of administration of recombinant human thyrotropin with withdrawal of thyroid hormone for radioactive iodine scanning in patients with thyroid carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: To detect recurrent disease in patients who have had differentiated thyroid cancer, periodic withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy may be required to raise serum thyrotropin concentrations to stimulate thyroid tissue so that radioiodine (iodine-131) scanning can be performed. However, withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy causes hypothyroidism. Administration of recombinant human thyrotropin stimulates thyroid tissue without requiring the discontinuation of thyroid hormone therapy. METHODS: One hundred twenty-seven patients with thyroid cancer underwent whole-body radioiodine scanning by two techniques: first after receiving two doses of thyrotropin while thyroid hormone therapy was continued, and second after the withdrawal of thyroid hormone therapy. The scans were evaluated by reviewers unaware of the conditions of scanning. The serum thyroglobulin concentrations and the prevalence of symptoms of hypothyroidism and mood disorders were also determined. RESULTS: Sixty-two of the 127 patients had positive whole-body radioiodine scans by one or both techniques. The scans obtained after stimulation with thyrotropin were equivalent to the scans obtained after withdrawal of thyroid hormone in 41 of these patients (66 percent), superior in 3 (5 percent), and inferior in 18 (29 percent). When the 65 patients with concordant negative scans were included, the two scans were equivalent in 106 patients (83 percent). Eight patients (13 percent of those with at least one positive scan) were treated with radioiodine on the basis of superior scans done after withdrawal of thyroid hormone. Serum thyroglobulin concentrations increased in 15 of 35 tested patients: 14 after withdrawal of thyroid hormone and 13 after administration of thyrotropin. Patients had more symptoms of hypothyroidism (P<0.001) and dysphoric mood states (P<0.001) after withdrawal of thyroid hormone than after administration of thyrotropin. CONCLUSIONS: Thyrotropin stimulates radioiodine uptake for scanning in patients with thyroid cancer, but the sensitivity of scanning after the administration of thyrotropin is less than that after the withdrawal of thyroid hormone. Thyrotropin scanning is associated with fewer symptoms and dysphoric mood states.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Radioactive iodine lobe ablation as an alternative to completion thyroidectomy for follicular carcinoma of the thyroid.

We performed a retrospective record review of patients who received large lobar remnant ablation after surgery for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma including 30 with papillary carcinoma, 14 with follicular carcinoma, and 6 with Hürthle cell carcinoma. We compared these 50 patients to a group of patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The ablation group was treated with single outpatient doses of 29.9 mCi (131)I to prepare for whole-body radioiodine scanning. Subsequent serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration during thyroid hormone withdrawal was greater than 25 microU/mL in 94% of patients. The mean TSH in this population (76 microU/mL) was not statistically different from a group of 50 patients who underwent total or near-total thyroidectomy (mean, TSH 71 microU/ml p = 0.84). Twenty-four hour radioiodine uptake post-29.9 mCi (131)I ablation was less than 1% in 80% of patients. The mean radioiodine uptake (0.8%) in the lobe ablation population was significantly lower than in patients treated with total thyroidectomy (mean, 2.4%, p < 0.001). There was minimal morbidity after 29.9 mCi (131)I ablation of large lobar remnants. Outpatient 29.9 mCi (131)I ablation is a safe, effective, and less costly alternative to completion thyroidectomy in selected patients. Although we included patients with both papillary and follicular carcinoma in our review, we recommend this method for patients with minimally invasive follicular carcinoma requiring whole body scanning, even with large postsurgical remnants in place.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Ablation of thyroid function with radioactive iodine after recurrent episodes of silent thyroiditis.

We report the history of a 44-year-old woman, who had four episodes of thyrotoxicosis in 4 years. The clinical findings and laboratory results were all indicative of recurrent silent thyroiditis. Because silent thyroiditis is self-limiting, treatment is usually symptomatic. In this patient radioiodine therapy was eventually prescribed to obviate further recurrences. We were unable to find reports of this number of recurrences.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Radioactive iodine induces clastogenic and age-dependent aneugenic effects in lymphocytes of thyroid cancer patients as revealed by interphase FISH.

After the Chernobyl nuclear accident, a dramatic 131I-related increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer has been reported in exposed children. However, little is known about the eventual genotoxic effects of 131I in exposed humans. Thyroid cancer patients are usually treated with 131I and, therefore, they provide us with an opportunity to study cytogenetic damage induced by known doses of this radionuclide. FISH techniques have been employed to study the origin of micronuclei as well as X chromosome non-disjunction and X chromosome numerical abnormalities in lymphocytes from 131I-treated women suffering from thyroid cancer. Blood was sampled before and 1 week after 131I treatment. Cells were analysed with either pancentromeric FISH to classify micronuclei or X chromosome centromere-specific FISH in mononucleated and binucleated cells to evaluate X chromosome numerical abnormalities and non-disjunction respectively. Our data indicate that 131I-induced clastogenic and age-dependent aneugenic effects in the lymphocytes of exposed patients. The X chromosome was not preferentially involved in the aneugenic effect induced by 131I. It is concluded that besides its major clastogenic effect, 131I can also induce an X chromosome-independent aneugenic activity mainly in patients with spontaneous proneness to chromosome loss.

Adolescent↗