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Results for “Immunophenotyping”

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PubMed1999

Prognostic and predictive evaluation of DNA content, S-phase fraction and immunophenotyping in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in adults. A prospective study.

In non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, prognostic significance of S-phase fraction (SPF) is well known, however the significance of DNA ploidy status and antigen expressions is still unclear. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the prognostic and predictive impact of SPF, immunophenotype and DNA ploidy in prospectively analysed NHL patients. The study was performed on lymph node biopsies of 117 nodal NHL patients. The median follow-up of patients was 25 months (range 1-64 months). All histologically verified lesions were considered according to the Working Formulation and Kiel classification. SPF, immunophenotype and ploidy were determined by flow cytometry. The rate of 2-year overall survival was 56%. SPF and DNA ploidy status were found to be independent prognostic factors in low and high grade lymphomas, respectively. Patients with near-tetraploid lymphomas were characterised by unfavourable clinical outcome, whereas hypertetraploidy was a favourable prognostic indicator. Among B-cell lymphomas CD5 expression seems to be of prognostic significance.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Cellular origin and clonality of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma: immunophenotypic and molecular studies.

The cellular origin of Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells, the neoplastic cells of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL), resisted clarification until the second half of this decade. One major obstacle to successful experimental investigations was the rarity of the HRS cells in the tissue affected by HL. Immunophenotypical studies using monoclonal antibodies already pointed in the early 1980s towards a lymphocytic origin for HRS cells, but were not definitive because of the usually variable expression of B-cell and/or T-cell antigens, and the additional expression of markers typical for other cell lineages, especially dendritic cells. Attempts to elucidate the cellular derivation of HRS cells by demonstrating the clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin (Ig) or T-cell receptor (TCR) genes in the DNA of whole-tissue extracts also remained inconclusive due to inconsistent results. In frustration with whole-tissue DNA studies, genetic approaches were turned to the single cell level. Among the techniques developed for the isolation of HRS cells, the extraction of single CD30+ HRS cells from immunostained frozen sections by means of hydraulic micromanipulation proved to be the most suitable. Using this method, monoclonal Ig gene rearrangements were detected in the HRS cells in 36 of 38 (95%) HL cases. Sequence analysis demonstrated high loads of somatic mutation in the rearranged variable regions. Molecular investigation of three cases of HL occurring in association with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) showed that all of the lymphoma lesions had an identical precursor with the molecular features of a germinal center B cell. In summary, these findings indicate that (1) approximately 95% of classic HLs originate from B cells; (2) the direct cellular precursors of the HRS cells are germinal center B cells; (3) the transforming event that causes HL leads to the complete morphologic and immunophenotypical change of the HRS cell precursors; and (4) the HRS cell population of a given case exclusively arises from a single transformed cell and expands by clonal growth. It remains to be shown whether the 5% of HLs for which a B-cell derivation could not be demonstrated are T-cell related.

Cell Lineage↗

PubMed1999

The differential diagnosis of early gastric mucosa-associated lymphoma: polymerase chain reaction and paraffin section immunophenotyping.

The distinction between benign florid lymphoid hyperplasia and low-grade gastric mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma may be a challenge. The presence of monoclonal B cells in Helicobacter pylori-chronic active gastritis has suggested that polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data should be viewed with caution. We investigated the reliability of PCR versus immunophenotyping in diagnosing early gastric MALT lymphoma. We studied 1511 biopsies from eight patients with high-grade primary gastric lymphoma, 25 with low-grade MALT lymphoma, 32 with atypical lymphoid infiltrates, and 39 with Helicobacter pylori-chronic active gastritis. Paraffin sections from all cases were stained with antibodies to CD20, CD3, AE1/AE3, kappa and lambda. PCR was performed on paraffin sections using the primer set VH-FR3/J(H). Using histopathology as the gold standard in diagnosis, we confirmed monoclonality in 22 of 25 MALT lymphomas (88%); a clonal band was found in 38% (15 of 39) of patients with chronic active gastritis. An immunophenotype pattern with predominance of CD20-positive cells in lymphocytic infiltrates was associated with monoclonality in 92% of cases. The presence of an enlarged irregular mantle zone was found in both monoclonal and polyclonal areas. An equal prevalence of B and T cells in lymphocytic infiltrates was associated with a polyclonal pattern in 24 of 31 cases (77%). Immunostaining of sIg (kappa and lambda) was difficult in paraffin sections and convincing proof of monoclonality was not obtained. Lymphoepithelial lesions were infrequent in gastric biopsies and their presence was highlighted with keratin stains. Because monoclonal B cells are observed in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, the correct interpretation of clonality by PCR remains unclear. Paraffin section IHC using CD20 and CD3 is especially useful to confirm the diagnosis of gastric MALT lymphoma.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

[Immunophenotypic analysis in the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma].

Immunophenotypic analysis is capable of distinguishing benign and malignant or determining the lineage of neoplastic cells in most of lymphoproliferative disorders. The methodological approaches can be divided into two major categories; immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Both of these techniques can be important adjuncts to histological diagnosis although flow cytometry is not yet common in Japan. The basic features to be checked by immunophenotyping are as follows. IPT-I: Light chain restriction of immunoglobulin. IPT-II: Loss or stronger expression of one or more antigens normally expressed in reactive lymphocytes. IPT-III: Significant increase of a particular cell population that is quite rare or absent from normal tissue at the biopsy site. While IPT-I could be taken as direct evidence of a clonal proliferation of B-lineage cell, IPT-II and -III are the only strong suggestions of a malignant lymphoid proliferation.

Flow Cytometry↗

PubMed2000

The "typical" immunophenotype of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL-M3): does it prove true for the M3-variant?

The immunophenotypes of 12 acute promyelocytic leukemias (APL-M3; eight hypergranular, four microgranular) with documented PML-RAR-alpha fusion gene are presented. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were immunophenotyped using a panel of 20 monoclonal antibodies. The hypergranular APLs exhibited a mature myeloid phenotype as it has been described to be typical for M3. No lineage infidelity was detectable in classic M3 cases. In contrast, among the four cases of M3 variant, all leukemias showed marked expression of CD34 and two of four cases expressed the HLA-DR antigen. The CD2 antigen was expressed in three of four cases. Furthermore, one case showed expression of the CD56 antigen, and one case was positive for the blood group H antigen. The data suggest that microgranular APL is a heterogeneous entity with regard to the immunologic phenotype.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

The immunophenotype of 177 adults with acute myeloid leukemia: proposal of a prognostic score.

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, a variety of clinical and biologic parameters, including phenotype, have been examined for potential value in predicting treatment response and survival. The European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukaemias (EGIL) has proposed that AML be defined immunologically by the expression of 2 or more of the following myeloid markers: myeloperoxidase, CD13, CD33, CDw65, and CD117. With regard to this classification, the prognostic significance of 21 antigens taken separately and with immunophenotypic subgroups were evaluated and compared with other clinical and biological variables in 177 adult AML patients. None of the antigens tested were associated with treatment outcome. In contrast, patients with blasts disclosing a full expression of panmyeloid phenotype (defined by the expression of all 5 myeloid markers) had a higher complete remission rate (P <. 0001) and differed significantly in disease-free survival (P =.02) and overall survival (P =.008) than patients whose cells expressed fewer than 5 of these markers. In multivariate analysis, only age, panmyeloid phenotype, performance status, and permeability glycoprotein activity influence treatment outcome. Cytogenetics was significant in univariate analysis but not in multivariate analysis, most likely because of the redundancy with panmyeloid phenotype and a higher sensitivity of immunophenotyping. Patients whose cells exhibit the panmyeloid phenotype appear to define a relatively homogeneous biological subset of AML. The 4 independent prognostic factors were used to create a prognostic score, defined by the number of factors present. This score permitted a stratification of patients with AML, thereby allowing for the consideration of innovative therapies to improve outcome in the poorer outcome groups.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1998

[The clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features of 162 cases of gastrointestinal stromal tumor].

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the clinicopathological and immunophenotypical features of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). METHODS: One hundred and sixty-two cases of GIST were retrospectively studied. Among them, forty-six cases were immunostained using antibodies against vimentin, CD34, muscle specific actin (MSA), smooth muscle actin (SMA), neuron specific enolase(NSE), S-100 protein, synaptophysin (SYN), cytokeratin(CK), CEA, LCA. RESULTS: Clinically, male patients predominated with a male to female ratio of 3.8:1. The average age was 50 (range 6-74). The most common symptoms were gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal mass in 45% and 39% of the cases, respectively. The common anatomical locations were stomach (43%), ileum (20%), jejunum (18%). Pathologically, all the tumor arose from the muscular layer. The tumor diameter varied from 0.5 to 43 cm. In 55% of the cases, the tumor was malignant. The main component cell types were spindle and epithelioid in appearance. Immunophenotypically, percentage of positivity for the 10 antibodies was as follows: vimentin, 100% (39/39), CD34, 64% (23/36), MSA, 47% (16/34), SMA, 41% (14/34), NSE, 61% (17/28), S-100 protein, 19% (4/21), SYN, 15% (3/20), CK, CEA, and LCA were negative. CONCLUSION: GIST is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Immunostaining confirms that only some of the GIST shows partial differentiation toward smooth muscle, neuron, or both.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2000

Gene product immunophenotyping of neuroendocrine lung tumors. No linking evidence between carcinoids and small-cell lung carcinomas suggested by multivariate statistical analysis.

Fifty-three neuroendocrine lung tumors (24 carcinoids, one atypical carcinoid, five large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, and 23 small-cell lung carcinomas) were investigated for immunocytochemical expression of several gene products, i.e., p53, Rb, bcl-2, c-kit, mdm-2, cdk-4, p21 proteins, and proliferation index as assessed by MIB-1. The goal of the study was to explore the relationships between histotypes in light of their own gene product-based immunophenotypical profiles. To this aim we applied the multiple correspondence analysis, which is an exploratory statistical multivariate technique that converts a data matrix into a particular type of graphic display in which the rows and columns are depicted as points. Such statistical analysis displayed that some categories of the gene product-based immunophenotyping variables are grouped in the plot identifying three groups: the first group related to carcinoids, the second to small-cell carcinomas, and the third to large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas. These data support the evidence that carcinoids and small-cell carcinomas are two distinct, apparently immunogenotypically unrelated entities among neuroendocrine lung tumors and that atypical carcinoids and large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas seem not to represent intermediate steps between them.

Antigens, Nuclear↗

PubMed2000

Immunophenotypic and genotypic characteristics of chronic myelogenous leukemia in blast crisis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) may transform into blast crisis (BC) if not properly treated. Among patients with transformation, 20% to 30% will develop BC with lymphoid-associated antigens (Ly-BC), and the remaining cases with myeloid-associated antigens (My-BC) or with both (Mix-BC). In this study, we investigated the lineage of blast cells in CML-BC using immunophenotypic and genetic analyses and analyzed the prognostic significance of genotypic change in CML-BC. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with CML-BC diagnosed at the Taipei Veterans General Hospital from 1982 to 1992 were included. Immunophenotyping was done by using the avidin-biotin immunoperoxidase technique. Genetic analyses were carried out by using Southern Blot hybridization. The prognostic influence of genotypic change was analyzed. RESULTS: Thirteen patients (61.9%) expressed myeloid-associated antigens, one patient (4.8%) expressed megakaryoblast-associated antigens, four patients (19%) expressed B lymphoid-associated antigens and three patients (14.3%) expressed both myeloid and B lymphoid antigens. Clonal rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene was found in six cases. Among them, four expressed B lymphoid markers only and two expressed both myeloid and B lymphoid markers. Patients with clonal IgH gene rearrangement tended to have a better response to chemotherapy (50% vs 8.3%, p = 0.08) and significantly longer survival (median survival, 5 months vs 3 months, p < 0.05) than did those with a germline configuration. CONCLUSIONS: Clonal rearrangement of the IgH gene was found mostly in cases of Ly-BC and Mix-BC. We found that CML-BC with clonal rearrangement of the IgH gene had a more favorable prognosis than in cases with a germline configuration.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

TCR and immunophenotype changes in dimethyl sulfoxide-dependent programmed cell death.

In the thymus most deleted cells are immature thymocytes and the high rate of cell death within the thymus is involved in the development of the initial T-cell receptor repertoire. Functional T-cell receptor recognition units are created by somatic rearrangements of gene segments, and the expression of successfully assembled TCR complex is the key to molecular events that culminate in T-cell activation, growth and differentiation. Previously, we reported that DMSO induces apoptosis in RPMI-8402 human pre-T cells. Here we examine the fate of pre-T cells undergoing negative selection analysing the responsiveness to DMSO-enforced TCR expression and immunophenotype modulation. Our results demonstrate that DMSO induces cell growth inhibition, cell phenotype changes, with down-regulation of CD2 and CD7, and increases in alpha/beta or gamma/delta TCR chains led by TdT, RAG-1 and RAG-2 activity. These modifications are associated with an apoptotic program. Taken together, these data suggest the existence of an early checkpoint that ensures in vivo the effective intrathymic differentiation supported from another point of view, the linkage between immunophenotypes and TCR regulation in T-cell differentiation and programmed cell death.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2001

Impact of CD133 (AC133) and CD90 expression analysis for acute leukemia immunophenotyping.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: AC133 is a novel monoclonal antibody (Moab) reacting with a population of immature/primitive or granulo-monocytic committed CD34+ve cells. Up to now, only few studies with small numbers of cases have examined AC133 (recently designated CD133) expression in acute leukemia. To determine the value of this Moab for acute leukemia immunophenotyping, we investigated a large series of leukemic cell samples for their reactivity with Moab AC133. DESIGN AND METHODS. A total of 298 cell samples from patients with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n=142), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (n=119), CD34+ve biphenotypic acute leukemia (n=13), and CD34+ve CML blast crisis (=BC; 21 myeloid BC/3 lymphoid BC) were investigated by flow cytometry for Moab AC133 reactivity.CD133 expression was compared with CD90(Thy-1) expression, another CD34-associated antigen. RESULTS: Fifteen (5%) samples expressed CD90, whereas 114 (38%) samples were positive for Moab AC133 (20% cut-off level). No significant differences in CD133 and CD90 expression levels between AML and ALL were observed. In AML, but not ALL, CD133 was more often expressed in CD34+ve cases than in CD34-ve ones (p<0.00001). However, CD133 expression was not restricted to CD34+ve leukemic cells in individual cell samples. All 8 pro-B-ALL cell samples with 11q23-anomalies and MLL (mixed lineage leukemia) gene translocations were positive for CD133, whereas only 2 of 9 pro-B-ALL without MLL gene translocations expressed CD133 (p<0.002). In contrast, none of the 5 AML cell samples with a t(9;11) and MLL gene translocation reacted with Moab AC133. CD34+ve CML cells in myeloid BC were less often positive for CD133 than CD34+ve de novo AML cells (p<0.0001). INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: CD133 and CD90 expression analysis is not helpful for lineage determination in acute leukemia immunophenotyping. However, MoabAC133 may be an informative marker for the detection and further characterization of immature AML cells, as well as pro-B-ALL cells with MLL gene translocations, by flow cytometry.

AC133 Antigen↗

PubMed1999

[Immunophenotype and P-glycoprotein expression in CD7 positive adult acute myeloid leukemia].

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunophenotype and P-glycoprotein expression in CD7 positive adult acute myeloid leukemia (CD7+ AML). METHODS: Morphology, P-glycoprotein, cytogenetics and immunophenotype were examined in 30 previously untreated CD7+ AML patients. RESULTS: The CD7 positive rate was 11.4% in 262 AML patients. CD7+ AML patients had a significantly higher incidence of peripheral leukocytosis and blasts and FAB M1 subtype and were associated with CD34 and P-glycoprotein expression. 42.3% of CD7+ AML achieved complete remission with a median remission duration of 4 months, and a median time to CR of 48 days. CONCLUSION: Patients with CD7+ AML are usually CD34 and P-glycoprotein positive. These patients had a lower CR rate and a shorter remission duration.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Mem↗

PubMed2001

[Immunophenotypes on blast cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia].

Immunophenotypes of chronic myelogenous leukemia(CML) in chronic phase and in blastic crisis were reviewed. CML cells in chronic phase show a relatively mature immunophenotypes, such as CD13, CD33, CD15, and MPO, but not positive for CD34, CD117, TdT, and HLA-DR. When a CML transforms into blastic crisis, the blast cells demonstrate an immature myeloid(acute myelogenous leukemia(AML)-like) phenotypes in 60-70% of cases. The blast cells which have myeloid markers show CD13, CD33, MPO. In contrast to de novo AML, these myeloid blast cells often express megakaryocytic, erythroid markers or natural killer cell markers, and in some of the cases, the myeloid blast cells have complex phenotypes, with co-expression of markers from two or three lineages. The blast cells, in 25-30% of cases, demonstrate lymphoid blast phenotype characteristics similar to acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL), common ALL, or pre-B-ALL. In 60-80% of cases, the lymphoid blast cells co-express myeloid phenotype, fulfilling the criteria of biphenotypic leukemia.

Blast Crisis↗

PubMed2002

The analogy in cell immunophenotype and parameters of cell cycle of ectopic thymus, normal thymus, and some acute lymphoblastic leukemia of T-phenotype.

In our study we described the immunophenotypic characteristics of an ectopic thymus found in an eight month old male baby. Comparing with the results of normal thymic cells we did not found any difference or abnormalities in the phenotype. A brief discussion of theories of histogenesis and possible differential diagnosis of ectopic thymus is included. The most common immune pattern of both, ectopic and normal thymuses, was expression of TdT,CD7,cCD3,CD1 and dual CD4/CD8. Early results of immunological examination confirmed by histopathology stated the diagnosis of ectopic thymus and excluded other causes (infection, trauma, neoplasm and congenital abnormalities). The study of both, ectopic and normal thymic tissue provides a perfect model for comparative analysis of some T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Both, thymocytes and some cases of our T-ALL (20 of 48 examined T-ALL) had a specific late cortical T-cell phenotype. We observed new qualities of both, thymic cells and T-ALL cells of a late cortical phenotype that resulted in cell populations localized in the so-called "empty spaces", in fluorescence histograms, that might be discriminated from internal T-cell populations with normal antigen expression. An important sign of T-ALL in common is to display aberrant marker combinations and the tendency to drop specific normal T-cell antigens. Aberrant markers were present in our study in a phenotypic group of a late cortical T-ALL in 11 cases (55.0%) of the 20 studied. As aberrant markers we observed mostly CD10, CD34, HLA-DR and CD13. Furthermore, the tendency to drop specific normal T-cell markers could be recognized in one case of a late cortical T-ALL in the form of TCRab and TCRgd absence. DNA analysis did not reveal any changes in proliferation index either in thymocytes (normal or ectopic), or in T-ALL of a late cortical T-cell phenotype. Based on our findings the clinical utility of comparing the results obtained from the immunophenotypic characterization of healthy hematopoietic and leukemia cells can be concluded. An exact and early diagnosis of hematopoietic disorders (ectopic thymus, T-ALL and T-NHL) and identification of identical phenotypic patterns at different times (for more exact minimal residual disease detection during and after therapy) could be obtained.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗

PubMed2002

[Immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma].

OBJECTIVE: To study the immunophenotype and differential diagnosis of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL). METHOD: Fifty six cases originally diagnosed as HL were re-evaluated according to lymphoma classification of WHO 2000 on paraffin sections using SP immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Among the 56 cases, 47 met the WHO criteria for HL, 8 were NHL and 1 metastatic tumor. Of the 47 HL cases, 2 were nodular lymphocyte predominant HL (NLPHL), 43 classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (CHL) and 2 unclassified HL, and of the 8 cases reclassified as NHL, 6 were T-cell rich B-cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) and 2 anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). In NLPHL cases, L&H cells were CD(20)(+), CD(15)(-) and CD(30)(-); CD(57)(+) cells and small B-lymphocytes predominated the background infiltration. Diagnostic R-S cells and other tumor cells in 43 cases of CHL were positive for CD(30) (100%), CD(15) (81%) and CD(20) (7%). Six cases of TCRBCL were negative for CD(15) and CD(30). Two cases of ALCL were positive for CD(30), ALK-1 and CD(3), and negative for CD(15) and CD(20). The reactive inflammatory infiltration in CHL and TCRBCL was rich in TIA-1 positive cytotoxic lymphocytes, and CD(57)(+) cells were rarely encountered. CONCLUSION: Combining the immunophenotype of tumor cells and background cells with morphologic criteria are more helpful for classification of HL, and discrimination between NLPHL, CHL and TCRBCL.

Antigens, CD↗

PubMed2002

[The application of 4-color fluorescence labeling antibodies and its significance in immunophenotyping for leukemia by flow cytometer].

To prove the significance of 4-color fluorescence labeling flow cytometric analysis for leukemia immunophenotyping, bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from 88 cases with acute leukemia were analyzed by means of flow cytometry with 4-color fluorescence labeling monoclonal antibodies (McAbs). More than 90% of cases could be classified into acute myeloid, T- or B-lymphocytic leukemia by staining with 13 different kinds of monoclonal antibodies within 4 tubes of combination of antibodies. AML-M(2) - M(7) could also be identified simultaneously. Another one tube of combination of 4 McAbs could be used for further subtyping of those who were undetermined by the above 4 tubes. Patients with AML-M(0)/M(1) which may be negative of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in cytochemistry can be identified by labeling with both membrane and cytoplasmic antibodies. In conclusion, the accuracy of leukemia immunophenotyping has been improved by 4-color flow cytometry analysis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2002

[Study on the immunophenotypes of bone marrow cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes and its clinical implications].

The phenotypes of the bone marrow cells in various subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and its clinical implication were explored. The antigen expression of a panel of antigens expressed in marrow cells from 30 patients with subtypes of MDS was assayed by alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase method. The results showed that the expression of myeloid antigens appeared abnormality, CD13 and CD33, found on granulocyte and macrophage precursors, increased, and CD15 decreased. There were no significant changes for monocytic antigen CD14 and lymphoid antigens CD7 and CD10. CD34 was increased in RAEB/RAEB-t and was not increased in RA/RAS patients. CD71, expressed by erythroblast and proliferative cells, was higher in all subtypes of MDS than that in control group. It is suggested that the bone marrow cells from MDS patients showed abnormality of more than two series of immunophenotypes, detection of immunophenotype in MDS cells might be contributed to the diagnosis and predicting prognosis.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Immunophenotypic changes and induction of apoptosis of monocytes and tumour cells during their interactions in vitro.

The in vitro model of tumour infiltrating macrophages (TIM)-tumour interactions in which monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) are cultured with cancer cells was used to assess immunophenotypic changes of interacting cells. Following short cocultures, monocytes, MDM and tumour cells were sorted out by FACS and the expression of several determinants was evaluated. Monocytes showed the induction of CD44v6 and v7/8, and up-regulation of CD16 (Fc gamma RIII), CD54 (ICAM-1), CD68 (macrophage maturation marker) and CD86 (costimulatory molecule B7.2). The increased expression of CD11a (LFA-1) and CD58 (LFA-3) was noted on some cancer cells. Up-regulation of TNFRII and HLA-DR was observed on both types of cells. MDM shared similar changes. Contact of monocytes, but not of MDM, with tumour cells led to Fas-FasL-dependent apoptosis of both types of cells. This study suggests that the immunophenotype of monocytes/macrophages and cancer cells may be modified during their bidirectional interactions in the absence of other microenvironmental elements that are present in the tumour stroma.

Adenocarcinoma↗