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PubMed1979

[Voluntary description of drug effects as a method in clinical trials. Presented using the example of pentobarbital, promazine and their combination].

Free description of drug effects is suggested as a method in which subjects or patients describe spontaneously the effects of psychotropic drugs from their own experience with their own verbal concepts. The method is exposed in detail and examplified by examination of pentobarbitone, promazine and their combination (Norkotral). The results of the free description method have psychological as well as psychopharmacological plausibility. It is suggested to implement the method as a new means of clinical research in psychopharmacology.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed2002

Ask staff to help choose the right nurse manager.

If staff are involved in selecting a new ED nurse manager, it improves satisfaction and morale. Applicants can be interviewed by a panel of staff members. Invite staff to give input on the questions you ask candidates. Allow staff to choose the top candidates, but have administration make the final selection.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1991

Midwife/client relationship: midwives' perspectives.

This study set out to explore midwives' understanding of the factors which affected the development of a therapeutic relationship with clients. A qualitative approach was adopted for the study to avoid placing predetermined categories upon midwives' perceptions. Because of the qualitative nature of the study in-depth interviews were conducted to allow midwives to explore in depth their perceptions of the research topic. Themes identified within the interview data indicated conflicting needs/interests which in turn seemed to cause dilemmas for the midwives interviewed. It seemed appropriate therefore to take the data analysis one step further by utilising dilemma analysis. Consideration of the situations in which the midwives experienced 'good' or 'poor' relationships revealed a complex picture of the factors affecting relationships with clients. Four main issues were identified: the nature and value of the midwives' role; recognition of authority/autonomy in practising this role; emotional involvement with clients; and maintaining personal integrity. From dilemma analysis of the data it appears that when midwives were successful in managing these issues then the relationship became 'special' and therapeutic for clients. Mismanagement of these issues in contrast led to dilemmas which then inhibited development of meaningful relationships between the midwives and clients. In view of the fact that clients and midwives value this 'special' relationship a case is made for midwives to be prepared educationally to manage effectively issues which are raised in their everyday practice. Only then will the midwife/client relationship become therapeutic.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1981

Interviewing and counseling functions of the dietetic technician in nutritional care. Evaluation of identified competencies.

The study was designed to identify and to evaluate the interviewing and diet counseling functions of the dietetic technician. Detailed comparisons and analyses were made of data collected from dietetic practitioners and educators and of data from the literature, curriculums, and job descriptions. Competencies were identified for further study. The videotaped performances of dietetic technician students were compared to defined criteria. The interviewing and patient education skills were satisfactory. A majority of the students lacked the counseling skills required for a client-centered approach. Curriculum inferences are presented.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed2006

Medical school admissions: enhancing the reliability and validity of an autobiographical screening tool.

BACKGROUND: Most medical school applicants are screened out preinterview. Some cognitive scores available preinterview and some noncognitive scores available at interview demonstrate reasonable reliability and predictive validity. A reliable preinterview noncognitive measure would relax dependence upon screening based entirely on cognitive tendencies. METHOD: In 2005, applicants interviewing at McMaster University's Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine completed an offsite, noninvigilated, Autobiographical Submission (ABS) preinterview and another onsite, invigilated, ABS at interview. Traditional and new ABS scoring methods were compared, with raters either evaluating all ABS questions for each candidate in turn (vertical scoring-traditional method) or evaluating all candidates for each question in turn (horizontal scoring-new method). RESULTS: The new scoring method revealed lower internal consistency and higher interrater reliability relative to the traditional method. More importantly, the new scoring method correlated better with the Multiple Mini-Interview (MMI) relative to the traditional method. CONCLUSIONS: The new ABS scoring method revealed greater interrater reliability and predictive capacity, thus increasing its potential as a screen for noncognitive characteristics.

Autobiographies as Topic↗
PubMed2000

[Focus group interviews: a qualitative research approach to nursing].

Focus Group interviews have become a popular technique for nursing research. This article introduces basic guidelines for the application of the methodology through a literature review and an example from nursing research. General and specific study design issues are covered.

Clinical Nursing Research↗
PubMed1984

Measuring adequacy of physician performance. A preliminary comparison of four methods in ambulatory care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Issues that arise in the development of methods for measuring adequacy of physician performance (MAPP) are discussed. The comparative content validity, scorability, cost, and acceptability of four MAPP strategies are assessed using a sample of clinic-based physicians treating 30 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Criteria for adequate care are contained in a "criteria map." No one of the four methods (physician interview, patient interview, videotaped observation, and chart audit) was best at capturing all aspects of the management of COPD. The relative content validity of a method depended on the aspect of care evaluated. The interviews provided the broadest range of information and the chart audit the most limited. The patient interview yielded the largest proportion of encounters upon which physician performance could be scored, although specific criteria map subscales were differentially scorable depending on the method used. Relative cost and acceptability are also discussed.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1992

Telephone versus face-to-face interviewing for household drug use surveys.

This research investigated the use of telephone versus face-to-face interviewing to gather data on the use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs. Telephone and personal drug use surveys of the 18-34 year-old household population were conducted in the state of New Jersey in 1986-1987. Survey modes were compared in terms of unit and item nonresponse rates, sample coverage, and levels of self-reported drug use. Results showed that the telephone survey achieved response rates lower than the personal survey, but comparable to telephone surveys of less threatening topics. Item nonresponse to sensitive drug questions was lower by phone than with the self-administered answer sheets in the personal mode. The exclusion of households without telephones in the telephone survey is a potential source of bias, and may lead to underestimation of alcohol and drug use for minority populations. After controlling for telephone status, the telephone survey furnished significantly lower drug use estimates on several indicators than the personal survey, with the largest mode differences found for Blacks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Market research to recruit graduate students in dietetics.

In this study we conducted market research to develop a recruitment plan for the master's degree program in nutrition and dietetics at Louisiana Tech University. When individualized experience routes to dietetics registration were eliminated by The American Dietetic Association's Standards of Education in 1988, graduate student enrollment could not be predicted. The steps of the Baron graduate recruitment model were followed to develop and implement a recruitment plan for the master's degree program in nutrition and dietetics. The steps included (a) assessment, (b) developing recruitment and enrollment objectives, (c) developing a recruitment plan and recruitment strategies to meet the objectives, (d) implementing a recruitment program, and (e) monitoring and evaluating the recruitment program. The assessment step involved institutional, student, competitive, and job market analyses. Written questionnaires, telephone surveys, and focus group interviews completed the student analysis. Of the 92 respondents surveyed, 42 were interested in taking graduate classes. Career advancement, specialization, and personal growth were cited as reasons to pursue graduate study. The Baron model provided a useful guide for developing and implementing the graduate recruitment plan.

Certification↗