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PubMedDate not supplied

Personality and dental care utilization: findings from the VA longitudinal study.

The personality traits of introversion/extraversion and neuroticism were investigated as determinants of the utilization of restorative dental care, controlling for socioeconomic status and restorative need. The VA Dental Longitudinal Study (DLS) provided information on the restorative treatment received by 593 healthy adult males during a 10-year period. Utilization of restorative services was measured by calculating the percentage of surfaces that needed and received treatment, as identified by the DLS examiners by clinical and radiographic examination. Oral examinations were initiated in 1969 with subsequent examinations occurring at approximately 3-year intervals. Personality measures for these individuals were obtained using the EPI-Q, a shortened form of the Eysenck Personality Inventory. A plot of neuroticism versus the utilization measure yielded a curvilinear relationship suggesting that participants seeking the most dental care scored moderately on the neuroticism scale while those scoring lowest and highest on this scale sought less treatment. In contrast, the introversion/extraversion scale showed no apparent relationship with dental care utilization. Results from the regression analysis suggest that dentition and socioeconomic status are strong determinants of utilization and that need for restorative treatment influences utilization.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Personality and the subjective assessment of hearing aids.

Relatively little is known about the influence of patients' personality features on the responses they make to self-assessment items used to measure the outcome of a hearing aid fitting. If the personality of the hearing aid wearer has a significant influence on self-report outcome data, it would be important to explore the relevant personality variables and to be cognizant of their effects when using subjective outcome data to justify decisions about clinical services or other matters. This investigation explored the relationship between several personality attributes and responses to the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB). It found that more extroverted patients tend to report more hearing aid benefit in all speech communication situations. In addition, patients with a more external locus of control tend to have more negative reactions to loud environmental sounds, both with and without amplification. Anxiety also played a small additional role in determining APHAB responses. Although personality variables were found to explain a relatively small amount of the variance in APHAB responses (usually around 10%), these outcomes should alert practitioners and researchers to the potential effects of personality variables in all self-report data.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Development and validation of a multidimensional quality-of-life scale for myopia.

BACKGROUND: Five dimensions of health-related quality of life in myopia were hypothesized to affect satisfaction with visual correction modality. Items on these dimensions reflected the frequency of visual compromise and ocular symptoms; individual tolerance of these compromises and symptoms; cosmesis; psychological constructs (including situation-dependent characteristics such as adaptability, self-efficacy, and subjective well-being); and personality traits such as extraversion and introversion. METHODS: Psychologically oriented items and visually oriented items were developed in two stages involving 1,647 participants. Item development was based on a comprehensive literature review, interviews with experts, myopic subjects, and graduate students, and written feedback. Items were selected through factor analysis and the examination of their ability to discriminate between treatment conditions (spectacle wear, daily use of contact lenses, continuous use of contact lenses, or laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis for myopia). After development, selection, and validation of the psychological items and then the vision items, a final multidimensional scale combining both types of items was designed. The scale was administered to 124 subjects whose myopia was corrected by one of several treatment modalities to determine final construct validity. RESULTS: Using principal axis factoring and oblimin with Kaiser normalization rotation methods, five factors with strong item loadings evolved as hypothesized. The final multidimensional scale consisted of 13 items related to specific aspects of frequency of visual compromise and ocular symptoms with 13 corresponding items for level of tolerance for these problems; three items related to cosmesis; 10 items related to psychological characteristics; and six items related to personality traits. Good internal consistency in each factor (Cronbach's alpha range, 0.76 to 0.92) for the scale was evident. DISCUSSION: This report describes the development and validation of an easily administered, short, effective multidimensional health-related quality-of-life questionnaire for use in selecting and measuring success of methods for correcting myopia.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Two cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome treated with haloperidol.

Two cases of Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome occurring in Sri Lanka are reported. Both patients had the characteristics of the syndrome as described by Fernando (1967): (1) Childhood onset (below 16 years of age); (2) Multiple motor tics; (3) Unprovoked vocal utterances which may progress to coprolalia. Both responded to haloperidol, withdrawal of medication being followed by relapse, and reintroduction by remission. The literature on the aetiology of the condition has been reviewed. The weight of evidence favours an organic cause, although psychological precipitation cannot be ruled out.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

The interactive effects of instructional set, field dependence, and extraversion on the Holtzman Inkblot Technique.

Studied the interactive effects of examiner, instructional set, field dependence, and extraversion on the reactions of 81 males and 39 females to five Holtzman Inkblot Technique factor scores. Half of the Ss were told that the HIT was a measure of mental health and half that it was experimental in nature, which produced two instructional sets. Field dependence was measured with the Embedded Figures Test and extraversion by the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Subjective anxiety was tapped via the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results revealed no differences among five examiners. However, three of the five HIT factors and the STAI were affected significantly by the instructional set. The effects, while significant, were not massive. Field dependence interacted with instructional set; field dependent Ss reacted with generally more changes in scores than did field independent S. Unlike field dependence, extraversion appeared unrelated to instructional set effects. The results are discussed in terms of how the factor scores interacted with the field dependence and instructional set in psychologically meaningful ways.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Weight loss and psychopathology: a three-cluster MMPI typology.

The present study investigated the effects of a treatment, including diet, exercise, and psychoeducational groups, on the severity of the psychopathology of obese subjects. The 120 subjects (60 male and 60 female), aged 20 to 50 years, were hospitalised for about two months. The mean Body Mass Index (BMI) at the start was 40.9 (SD = 5.3) and at the end 34.3 (SD = 5.5). The MMPI and clinical interview were administered to the subjects. The aims of the study were to see if there was change between the beginning and the end of treatment and to individuate groups of subjects homogeneous for the severity of the psychopathology at the start of treatment and to relate the severity to changes, whether worsening or improving, at the end of treatment. A multivariate analysis of variance showed significant change in scores on the psychological variables after treatment. Cluster analysis divided the patients into three groups with different severity of psychopathology. There were significant decreases on Hypochondriasis, Depression, and Social Introversion. Scores of the subjects with the most severe psychopathological traits changed most.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Is Bradburn's measure of psychological well-being fair to introverts? A study among 16- to 18-yr.-old students.

A sample of 242 students between the ages of 16 and 18 years, attending schools in the North East of England, completed the Bradburn Balanced Affect Scale together with the abbreviated form of the Revised Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. The findings show that scores on the Bradburn scale (indicating psychological well-being as assessed by balanced affect) are correlated significantly and positively with scores for Extraversion (.25), negatively with Neuroticism (.52) and nonsignificantly with Psychoticism. The implications of these findings are discussed for the assessment of psychological well-being among introverts.

Adolescent↗