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PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual spread of liposarcoma.

BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to investigate the unusual pattern of metastatic spread of liposarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied thirty-two patients with liposarcoma (in seventeen located in the retroperitoneum and in fifteen in the extremities) who were managed at our institution over a ten-year period. Six patients with extremity liposarcoma developed local recurrence and or distal metastases and in three the site of the distal spread was other than the lungs. In only one patient with retroperitoneal liposarcoma we observed extra-pulmonary spread. The histologic type of all four cases with unusual spread was myxoid, with small areas of round cell differentiation in two cases. RESULTS: The survival of the patients after the initial recurrence was relatively prolonged (6, 1.5, 8 and 3 years with the last patient alive and well). CONCLUSION: Physicians should maintain a low threshold for initiating evaluation of relatively minor symptoms in patients with liposarcoma, as these symptoms may reflect the first manifestation of an extrapulmonary metastasis. Such an approach should result in earlier detection and hopefully improve survival for patients with liposarcoma.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed2003

Transcriptional silencing of zinc finger protein 185 identified by expression profiling is associated with prostate cancer progression.

We profiled the expression of genes in benign and untreated human prostate cancer tissues using oligonucleotide microarrays. We report here 50 genes with distinct expression patterns in metastatic and confined tumors (Gleason score 6 and 9; lymph node invasive and noninvasive). Validation of expression profiles of 6 genes by quantitative PCR revealed a strong inverse correlation in the expression of zinc finger protein 185 (ZNF185), bullous pemphigoid antigen gene (BPAG1), and prostate secretory protein (PSP94) with progression of prostate cancer. Treatment of prostate cancer cell lines with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, restored ZNF185 expression levels. Moreover, methylation-specific PCR confirmed methylation of the 5'CpG islands of the ZNF185 gene in all of the metastatic tissues and 44% of the localized tumor tissues, as well as in the prostate cancer cell lines tested. Thus, transcriptional silencing of ZNF185 by methylation in prostate tumor tissues implicates the ZNF185 gene in prostate tumorigenesis.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Bone scan patterns of patients with diffuse metastatic carcinoma of the axial skeleton.

Bone scan findings (using 99mTc-stannous pyrophosphate) in five patients with diffuse metastatic carcinoma of the axial skeleton are reviewed. Although there were few visually recognizable asymmetries of tracer localization, the diffuse involvement was diagnosed through abnormally elevated counting rates in the axial skeleton, decreased visualization of the kidneys, and faint or absent visualization of the appendicular skeleton.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1991

[The metastasis of rectal cancer].

Eight hundred and eighty-six cases of rectal cancer diagnosed and reported to the National Cancer Registry in 1980 were submitted to obduction. Metastases were identified in 46.8%. Liver, lung and bones were affected in 38.7%, 16.1 and 3.5% of cases, respectively. Pattern of metastatic spread was determined by histology, with adenocarcinoma giving rise to blood-borne metastases, mucinous adenocarcinoma producing mostly lymphogenic metastases and signet-ring cell carcinoma spreading in either way. Isolated liver involvement was established in 9% of patients showing liver metastases at radical surgery. The parameter reached 22% when cases of presacral recurrence were excluded. A histologically oriented scheme is suggested to assure complete diagnostic coverage of metastases and to develop a concept for the treatment of liver secondaries. Targeted intraperitoneal and endolymphatic application of cytotoxic agents for the treatment of liver metastases aimed at reduction of extrahepatic dissemination is discussed.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1985

[Patterns in the metastasis of malignant ovarian tumors based on autopsy data].

The results of post-mortem examination of 532 cases of ovarian malignancies are presented. A certain pattern of metastatic spread was established. Tumors most frequently disseminated into the parietal and visceral peritoneum (93.9%), greater omentum (73.6), lymph nodes (48.2), pleura (31.5) and liver (25.4%). Implantation was shown to be the most common mode of spread. Lymphogenous and hematogenous metastases were of low clinical significance since they did not develop so fast as implantation metastases did which advanced rapidly and determined the clinical course.

Carcinoma↗
PubMed1987

Evidence by cellular mosaicism for monoclonal metastasis of spontaneous mouse mammary tumors.

Female (SHN X C3H/He)F1 mice carrying spontaneous mammary tumors with cellular mosaicism with respect to isozymes of phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) showed a high incidence of lung metastases. On resection of successively appearing mammary tumors, mice survived a maximum of 8 tumors. In these mice with multiple primary mammary tumors and multiple metastases, not only each individual metastasis but also all the metastases in the same lung had the same pattern of PGK isozymes and the same histologic type in the PGK-mosaic background of the host, indicating the monoclonal origin of these metastases. In several cases, this single pattern of metastatic colonies coincided with that of only one of several primary tumors, indicating that this tumor had metastasized. In these cases, these tumors were not necessarily the earliest of the primary tumors, and they were not located in any particular site.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Neuroblastoma].

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a common tumor of childhood, presenting "unique" characteristics: i.e., different prognosis in relation to age, high rate of metastases at diagnosis, capacity of spontaneous regression, strong immunogenicity. The embryologic derivation of NB has been recently clarified: NB derives from the embrional sympathetic nervous tissue; its enzymatic activity is determined mainly by environmental factors. A number of clinical and laboratory aspects influence the fate of children with NB: extention of disease and age are the most important, followed by site of primary, histology, pattern of metastatic spread, immunologic characteristics. Among laboratory tests, many are correlated with the clinical course: urinary excretion of sympathetic amines, serum levels of ferritin, C3 complement fraction, LDH, IgM, neurono-specific enolase. In the recent years the development of monoclonal antibodies techniques has greatly improved. In NB, a number of membrane molecule determinants have been discovered, against which specific monoclonal antibodies can be profitably directed for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. NB cells grow in vitro in the soft agar system; in this assay resistance and sensitivity of tumor cells can be tested with sufficient accuracy and may predict drug effect in vivo. Therapy of disseminated neuroblastoma is unsatisfactory till now. Promising techniques include autologous or allogeneic bone marrow infusion following supralethal chemotherapy, and administration of substances, such as retnoids, able to promote neuroblastoma cells differentiation in vivo.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1982

"Early" carcinoma of the breast: evaluation of regional therapy and features influencing prognosis.

Between 1944 and 1969, 192 women with carcinoma of the breast were treated at The University of Texas System Cancer Center M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute by standard radical mastectomy for small outer quadrant lesions and pathologically negative axillary lymph nodes. Twenty percent of these patients with "localized disease" eventually had disseminated breast cancer. Various patient, hormonal, genetic, and pathologic factors were found to have little influence on the prognosis. Patterns of metastatic disease revealed that these patients did not have a unique form of breast cancer, but apparently an earlier stage in the spectrum of advancing disease. The results of this study appear to represent the best that can be obtained with regional therapy for carcinoma of the breast and emphasize the need for reliable adjuvant therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Cycloheximide treatment modifies the pattern of "metastasis" following intravenous injection of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells.

Cyclohexamide treatment of recipient mice at various times in relation to an intravenous injection of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells alters the pattern of consequent "metastatic" disease as compared with the pattern in untreated, tumour-injected animals. Analysis of the results suggests the existence of a cycloheximide-sensitive host mechanism for eliminating arrested tumour cells. This mechanism could play an important role in determining the ultimate localisation pattern of neoplastic disease following an intravenous injection of Ehrlich tumour cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Surgery for bronchial carcinoma with mediastinal lymph node involvement].

Or the 3000 patients analyzed in the prospective bronchial carcinoma field study, 1086 were operated between 1984 and 1989. Complete systematic mediastinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 661 patients to assess the PTNM stage as exactly as possible, and to improve prognosis. Lymphadenectomy removes all hylarand mediastinal lymph nodes. Although the operation is technically quite easy on the clearly structured right side, it is more difficult on the left side due to the aortic arch and its branches. The lymph nodes of the upper mediastinum of the left and right side can be completely dissected by mobilizing the aortic arch with the left subclavian artery. In contrast to what is frequently assumed, the histological findings indicate that there is no general pattern of metastatic spread in the lymph nodes. The metastases can leave out varying numbers of lymph nodes craniad as well as caudad. For this reason, the lymph nodes have to be completely resected to ensure a real R0-resection.

Female↗
PubMed1996

Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in lymph node melanoma metastases: a histopathologic prognostic indicator and an expression of local immune response.

In lymph node melanoma metastases, the expansive proliferation of tumor cells may be compared, structurally and cytologically, to the vertical growth phase (VGP) observed in primary melanoma. Both in VGP and in nodal metastases, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) may be present with different patterns. In the evaluation of the primary tumor, these patterns have been defined as brisk, non-brisk, and absent. The histologic slides of regional lymph node metastases, the site of first recurrence in 99 consecutive melanoma patients, were reviewed. Disease-free survival of these cases and whether or not they were treated with rIFN alpha-2A was recorded to identify any relationship among different patterns of TILs, therapy, and prognosis. Of 99 cases, 16 were classified as brisk, 37 as non-brisk, and 46 as absent. At 30 months of follow-up the disease-free survival was 81.3% for brisk cases, 46.8% for non-brisk cases, and 29.3% for absent groups (p = .007). Multivariate analysis confirmed the prognostic value of TILs in predicting disease-free survival in patients with regional node metastases. The difference according to the presence or absence of relapse is particularly evident when comparison is made between treated and untreated patients. In conclusion the evaluation of first-recurrence regional node melanoma metastases for TILs, using the same histopathologic criteria as in VGP of primary melanoma, subdivides the cases in brisk, non-brisk, and absent groups. Also, the presence of these patterns in metastatic node melanoma deposits is correlatable to disease-free survival. Our results further stress the difference of prognosis patients treated with rIFN alpha-2A compared to the untreated group. The TILs evaluation may prove useful in selecting those melanoma stage II patients who will best respond to therapy with biologic response modifiers, because the TILs may be the local immune effector cell targets of rIFN alpha-2A or of other biologic agents.

Humans↗
PubMed1996

[Bronchoscopic diagnosis of central peribronchial lung cancer in silicosis and silicotuberculosis].

Examination of 315 lung cancer patients with silicosis or silicotuberculosis gave grounds for recognition of 3 variants of bronchial stenosis. The efficacy of bronchoscopic techniques was related both to anatomic variant of the tumor and primary tumor position against the involved bronchus lumen. Central peribronchial cancer in silicosis and silicotuberculosis has specific features: combination of true tumor stenosis with false rigidity of the trachea and large bronchi, advanced scar anthracotic deformity of the bronchi and diffuse atrophy of bronchial mucosa, distinctive pattern of metastatic spreading.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Salivary gland masses: dynamic MR imaging and pathologic correlation].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficiency of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of salivary gland masses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively examined 19 salivary gland masses that were pathologically diagnosed by surgical operation or biopsy. We obtained T1- and T2-weighted images on MRI, performed dynamic studies on each mass and examined the correlation between enhancement patterns and pathological findings. RESULTS: Four enhancement patterns were recognized on contrast-enhanced MRI: type 1 showed marked, homogeneous enhancement; type 2 slight, homogeneous enhancement; type 3 marginal enhancement; and type 4 poor enhancement of the mass. Most pleomorphic adenomas had a type 1 enhancement pattern, but two had a type 2 pattern. Pathologically, each mass enhancement pattern had different tumor cell and matrix components. Warthin's tumor generally showed the type 4 pattern. Primary malignant tumors of the salivary gland all showed the type 3 pattern, and pathological specimens showed many tumor cells along the marginal portion of the tumor. One inflammatory cyst and one Warthin's tumor also showed the type 3 pattern. Except for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the enhancement patterns of late phase images and dynamic study images were the same. CONCLUSIONS: Dynamic MRI added little diagnostic information about salivary gland masses, but the contrast-enhanced MR features correlated well with the pathological findings.

Adenolymphoma↗
PubMed1988

Sugar receptors of different types in human metastases to lung and liver.

Endogenous sugar receptors of human tumors, supposedly involved in recognitive interactions and growth regulation, were comparatively analyzed from human metastases to lung and liver by affinity chromatography and subsequent sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These profiles of sugar receptors including Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent specificities to alpha- and beta-galactosides, alpha-mannosyl and alpha-fucosyl moieties from salt and detergent extracts were found to be significantly different from the profile of the corresponding normal tissue. Metastatic lesions to lung from three different types of primary tumors revealed primarily tumor-associated mannan- and galactoside-binding proteins, whereas different liver metastases showed a tendency towards preferential expression of additional beta-galactoside-binding proteins and, to a reduced extent, fucose-binding proteins. The patterns of two metastatic lesions to lung and liver from a similar primary tumor, a colon carcinoma, disclose significant differences. Each resembles the pattern of other metastases to the same target organ more than it resembles the pattern of metastatic lesions to the other target organ, derived from a similar primary tumor. Further analyses of two primary liver tumors underscore the significance of changes in such a pattern upon malignant transformation.

Calcium↗
PubMed1980

[Prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinoma related to the pattern of metastasis (author's transl)].

Hundred nine unselected patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma have been stratified into 3 groups according to their type of metastasis: 17 patients with sceletal involvement only, 67 patients with visceral metastases, and 21 patients with a mixed type of metastasis. Four patients with a locoregional pattern of recurrence were not included in the analysis. The survival data (evaluated by life table analysis and a modified Wilcoxon-Rang-test) revealed a better prognosis for patients presenting exclusively with osseous metastases compared to the group with visceral metastases. The patients with osseous metastases showed a median survival time from diagnosis of 29.9 months compared to 11.6 months in patients with visceral involvement. Considering only patients whose metastases have been detected after a period of latency post nephrectomy, there is a further increase in the survival in favour of the patients with sceletal metastases and the difference to the group with visceral metastases becomes statistically highly significant.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1992

Metastatic cervical lymph nodes: general practitioner referral patterns.

Premature excision biopsy of a cervical lymph node infiltrated by metastatic carcinoma may compromise patient survival since it is associated with an increased incidence of local wound recurrence and distant metastases. Seventy per cent of such patients have an identifiable head and neck primary, obviating the need for an excision biopsy. It is important therefore that they are examined by surgeons who are experienced in inspecting the upper aerodigestive tract and who are competent in performing definitive head and neck surgery. A questionnaire sent to all general practitioners of an Inner London and a District Health Authority revealed that only 18% and 33% respectively referred patients who they suspected of having a metastatic neck node to a department with an experienced head and neck surgeon. We conclude that greater emphasis on the correct management of these patients at both an undergraduate and postgraduate level may encourage subsequent generations of general practitioners to review their referral patterns.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Demonstration of the organ preference of liver selected 'high metastatic' Lewis lung tumor cell line.

The experimental metastasis patterns of 'low metastatic' Lewis lung tumor (LLT) and liver selected 'high metastatic' LLT-HH were studied following their arterial dissemination. In previous reports it was shown that both tumor lines develop metastases only in the first encountered organ. Here the liver preference of the liver selected cell line is demonstrated. The model of two LLT cell lines can provide experimental evidence for both the 'mechanical' and 'seed and soil' theories of metastasis formation, depending on the site of tumor cell injection.

Animals↗