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At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed1994

[Immunotherapy in the combined treatment of chronic destructive pulmonary tuberculosis].

The paper provides the results of treatment of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis patients by using immunoactive drugs (thymalin and T-activin) and prednisolone, which has been performed by monitoring immunological parameters. The patients with fibrous and cavernous tuberculosis display a combination of antituberculous antibody hyperproduction and specific cell-mediated response inhibition. Immunological hormone therapy allows normalization of the immunological status (an increase in the count and functional activity of T-lymphocytes) and relative stabilization of the process with cessation of bacterial isolation in shorter periods than in the controls, which is favourable to the reduction in hospital treatment periods.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[T-lymphocyte sensitivity to specific antibodies in hepatitis B].

The study has revealed that in cases of an extremely severe course of viral hepatitis B and in persons susceptible to the development of renal encephalopathy resistance to specific antibodies of antilymphocytic gamma-globulin develops. This is manifested by a decrease in the titer of antilymphocytic gamma-globulin in the test of the specific inhibition of E-rosette formation with the patient's lymphocytes, previously incubated with antibodies. The test is of prognostic importance and can be recommended for immunological monitoring with a view to controlling the course of the disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Microsurgical allotransplantation of fetal bone on a vascular peduncle: immunological aspects].

The authors studied the immunological profile of three patients after transplantation of bone allobrephotransplants with their microsurgical revascularization in the recipient zone. A reaction of rejection of the transplanted brephobone did not occur in any of the three cases. In transplantation of a complex brephobone the soft tissues overlying it, rejection of the soft tissues was encountered but there were no signs of bone rejection. The data of immunological monitoring correlate with the results of the clinicolaboratory and histological studies.

Bone Transplantation↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Polyclonal antithymocyte serum: immune prophylaxis and rejection therapy in pediatric heart transplantation patients.

Antithymocyte serum (ATS), a polyclonal antibody preparation raised in rabbits, has been used as rescue therapy for severe rejection and induction of immune prophylaxis in our pediatric patients with heart transplants. To evaluate the customized pediatric ATS dosages, circulating plasma levels of unbound ATS were measured by an indirect flow cytometric analysis. ATS blood levels and their effects on in vitro lymphocyte function (mixed lymphocyte culture), peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets (immunophenotyping), and in vivo response, as measured by echocardiographic or biopsy data, were studied in three pediatric transplant patient groups. Detectable levels of circulating ATS were present 24 hours after infusion and correlated with the decrease in CD2+ peripheral blood lymphocytes. As expected, detectable ATS levels were measured only in the ATS treatment groups. Significant differences in lymphocyte subsets were seen between patients receiving ATS and those never receiving ATS (p < 0.01), with the non-ATS patients having normal lymphocyte subset percentages (CD2 = 60% +/- 29%). The mixed lymphocyte culture response was suppressed to a greater degree in the ATS therapy groups (86% vs 75%, p < 0.02), although these results were confounded by the use of high-dose steroids in all groups, which inhibit allogeneic responses. We conclude that effective immunologic monitoring of ATS therapy can be accomplished by peripheral blood lymphocyte subset determinations and ATS serum levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Follow-up study of the development of autoantibodies in patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease under anti-CD4 therapy].

7 of 22 patients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis) were treated with an anti-CD4-mAb. In the immunological monitoring the amounts of autoantibodies to pancreatic acini cells, to intestinal goblet cells, to granulocytes with perinuclear fluorescence pattern were examined and human anti-mouse-antibodies were measured. After anti-CD4 therapy the production of autoantibodies was widely unchanged. Therefore its use as parameter in the follow-up is restricted.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1995

Isolation of ERp72 from guinea pig term placentae using heparin Sepharose affinity chromatography.

The mammalian placenta synthesises many varied antigens, including proteins, such as hormones, enzymes and protease inhibitors. In this report, we isolated and purified the two protein isomerase-related protein precursor ERp72 isoforms from aqueous extracts of guinea pig placenta, by four (4) chromatographic procedures; i) affinity chromatography on immobilised heparin, ii) gel filtration (Ultrogel AcA-54), iii) anion exchange chromatography (Mono-Q), and, iv) negative immunoaffinity chromatography. From 20 term placentae, the final yield of ERp72 isoforms was 2.4mg (Mr 71.5 kDa) and 1.5mg (Mr 75.8 kDa). Identity was confirmed by NH2-terminal amino acid sequencing which demonstrated 85% homology to human ERp72. By indirect immunofluorecence. ER p72 expression was demonstrated in tunicamycin stressed pre-implantation embryos and unfertilised oocytes. These findings demonstrate the potential for immunological monitoring of ERp72 expression, by cultured oocytes and embryos, during manipulation by assisted reproductive technologies.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1995

[Systematization in the Central Clinical Laboratory of Kyoto University Hospital].

Recently, computer systems including several delivery systems have been installed in the Central Clinical Laboratory of Kyoto University Hospital. As for the physiological examination system, we have introduced PRINS (Physiological-examination Result Information Network System) using an NEC computer and LAN. Utilizing Windows, this PRINS is connected to individual systems and equipment, and the data are sent to the host computer system (KING: Kyoto University Hospital Information Network Galaxy, which utilizes IBM). This system enabled us to greatly improve (1) the efficacy of examinations, (2) management and data-stock of huge volumes, (3) rapid data analyses and simplicity in handling, and (4) facility of reception and reservation business. As for the sample analysis system, we formerly developed computer systems using MUMPS independently in the subdivisions. At the time of delivery system installation, we decided to unify them and newly establish a general managing system using MUMPS Sumitomo Electric Industries. The purpose of these installations are briefly as follows; (1) to reduce human power and to simplify delivery of samples and related business, (2) to report the assay results rapidly, (3) to improve and automate the quality controls, (4) to prevent from infections, and (5) to make handling and work easier. This system is comprised of biochemistry, immunology, hematology and emergency examination subdivisions, and connects each part in a network system using LAN. This is further connected to KING, the host. Actually, 4 sample delivery lines from 3 industries were introduced: Hitachi for biochemistry, Sysmex for hematology, and Toshiba-IDS for coagulation and immunology. Monitoring and data analyses including quality controls are performed by a host system or individual systems (biochemistry and hematology). At present, such heterogeneous installations were considered to be most suitable for our purpose and these made it possible to continue assays of other lines even when trouble occurred in one of the lines. In addition to the general systems, we have introduced various software programs for statistical analyses. These have been effectively utilized already for detailed setting of the clinical reference values for hematology data, and also for a computer diagnosis trial for anemia related diseases. When effective operations of these newly installed systems is achieved, we would like to extend our efforts to establish an ideal laboratory which is able to assist the intensive medi-care system in the university hospital.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Augmentation of CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes subsets in AIDS infected children after treatment with a non-toxic chelating agents compound--Rodilemid.

Twelve children were included into the protocol, 5 in March 1989 and 7 in April 1993. All of them were HIV 1 positive and had diarrhoea, important adenopathy and opportunistic infections. Seven out of 12 patients had an immunological monitoring. One out of 12 children with B hepatitis died with liver cirrhosis. Eleven children had a clear improvement in their clinical course, during the treatment. Five out of 7 patients had a significant increase of the CD4 lymphocytes at 4 and 7 months follow-up. Four patients had an important and significant increase of the CD8 count at 4 months and 6 out of 7 patients at 7 months. Interestingly, in 4 out of 7 patients after 7 months treatment we observed higher than normal value of the CD8 count. Variations observed for CD8 population compared to CD4 were more important.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1996

[Thrombomatch--an ELISA test for detection of antibodies to HLA antigens and platelet-specific antigens. Clinical experiences in compatibility testing of platelet transfusions].

We tested a new ELISA--called thrombomatch--for antibody detection against HLA- and platelet-specific antigens in comparison with MAIPA, Capture-P-Modified an lymphocytotoxicity. Sensitivity of the thrombomatch ist a little lower than the MAIPA, higher than lymphocytotoxicity and Capture-PM in the alloantibody detection. The thrombomatch is very helpful for a immunological monitoring of the antibody formation while long-term blood substitution in hemato-oncological patients. An antibody screening should be done in the lymphocytotoxicity and in the Elisa thrombomatch.

Antigens, Human Platelet↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The characteristics of the immunity status of people with arterial hypertension who took part in the cleanup of the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl Atomic Electric Power Station].

Clinical and immunological investigations were conducted in 70 patients with arterial hypertension from among those individuals having taken part in the elimination of the aftereffects of the Chernobyl APP breakdown in 1986-1987. The analysis of the results obtained showed the patients with primary and renal hypertension present with pathogenetic heterogeneity of the immune disturbances, which fact necessitates conducting rigorous immunologic monitoring for the methods of immune correction to be objectivized.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical chemistry and post-liver-transplant monitoring.

Liver transplantation is an accepted therapy for end-stage liver disease. After allografting, a variety of clinical problems may require laboratory involvement for accurate and timely diagnosis and intervention. Critical factors in the choice of a laboratory test menu to support a transplant program include turnaround times that support clinical decisionmaking, real diagnostic value, and real value for money. Particular clinical problems, whose early presentation must be anticipated, include graft ischemia, primary nonfunction, and hepatic artery thrombosis. Acute rejection is common at 5-10 days posttransplantation, the principal target being the biliary tree. Longer-term problems are associated with the therapeutic drug measurement of cyclosporin A and, increasingly, tacrolimus (FK506); the side effects of immunosuppressant therapy also require monitoring. A successful liver transplant program can be adequately supported with a simple battery of automated tests that are cheap, fast, and available at all times.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed1997

[The effect of tonsillectomy on the level of circulating immune complexes and urine changes in patients with glomerulonephritis].

The influence of tonsillectomy on circulating immune complexes (C.I.C.) level, proteinuria and erythrocyturia was studied in 42 patients with chronic tonsillitis (Ch.T.) and urine abnormalities. The level of C.I.C. was examined by two methods: the 3.5% polyethyleneglycol (PEG) precipitation method and the 125I-C1q binding method. After tonsillectomy, bacteriological analysis of removes facial tonsilla was performed in 7 patients and morphological analysis in 11. Renal biopsy was done in 28 patients. The control group was consisted of 18 patients with Ch.T. without urine abnormalities. The presence of C.I.C. was established in 48% of patients with urine abnormalities using PEG method and in 33% with 125I-C1q binding method. Mean values of C.I.C. in patients with proteinuria or erythrocyturia were statistically higher than in the control group. After tonsillectomy, transitory increase of C.I.C. level was observed in 60% of patients, accompanied by augmentation in urine changes, especially proteinuria. During one year of observation, significant decrease in C.I.C. levels detected by PEG method, as well as in proteinuria and in erythrocyturia was found. In 10 patients urine abnormalities disappeared. No differences between both groups of patients were found in the results of bacteriological and morphological studies of removed tonsilla. However, the normalisation of urine changes was noticed in patients without hypertension and in whom renal disease did not exceed two years. Renal histology revealed mesangocapillary proliferative Gn in 14, mesangial proliferative Gn in 11, and focal/segmental glomerulosclerosis in 3 patients. In one patient with mesangial proliferative Gn complete retreat of urine changes was observed. We suggest that the presence of Ch.T. influences on the C.I.C. detectability in patients with chronic glomerulonephritis. The tonsillectomy can lead do the decrease of C.I.C. levels, as well as to the decrease of proteinuria and/or erythrocyturia. Serum C.I.C. examination seems to be helpful in qualifying patients with Ch.T. for tonsillectomy, in immunological monitoring after the operation and in later prognosis in case of chronic glomerulonephritis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Mercury compounds and the immune system: a review.

This article reviews the literature data concerning the immunologic monitoring of animals and cell cultures exposed to mercury compounds. Mercury is present in nature as metallic mercury, mono- and bivalent inorganic compounds, and organic alkyl, aryl and alloxy-alkyl compounds. Methylmercury is most important in terms of environmental exposure while metallic mercury is the most common form to which workers are exposed. The database on immune function disturbances in human induced by mercury compounds is limited. Immunotoxicity assessment in animals, mainly in rodents, with subsequent extrapolation to man, is the basis of human risk assessment. The strength of in vitro immunotoxicity testing lies in studies aimed at unravelling mechanisms of immunotoxicity. These experimental investigations show clearly that mercury compounds can have immunomodulating activity. Mercuric chloride and methylmercury inhibit most of animal and human lymphocyte functions including proliferation, expression of cell activation markers on cell surface and cytokine production. These cells exhibit a greater sensitivity to the immunotoxic effects of methylmercury than to mercuric chloride. Repeated administration of mercuric chloride to rats, mice and rabbits can induce autoimmune response and a membranous nephropathy. In contrast, Lewis rats injected with mercuric chloride do not develop autoimmunity but exhibit immunosuppression. The immunosuppressive effects associated with exposure to chemical substances are often accompanied by increased susceptibility to challenge with infectious agents or tumour cells. Only few reports are available on animal studies of increased mortality connected with exposure to mercury compounds and challenge with infectious agents. It is difficult to establish a relationship between the observed immunomodulatory properties of mercury compounds and their possible carcinogenicity. In fact, the epidemiological studies performed so far failed to bring any conclusive evidence of carcinogenicity of mercury in animal experiments. The induction of renal tumours in male rodents by methylmercury was observed only.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation of clinical and immunological parameters of metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients undergoing therapy with interleukin 2, interferon-alpha and retinoic acid.

IFN-gamma production in whole blood cell cultures (WBCC), and TNF-receptor p75 (TNF-R-75) plasma levels were measured as two independent immunological parameters in a group of 67 untreated renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients at different clinical stages, and 40 age matched healthy controls. In the blood cell cultures of the tumor patients the levels of IFN-gamma were significantly lower compared to the controls and the values decreased with increasing tumor mass. In contrast, TNF-R-75 plasma levels were significantly higher in the tumor patients and increased with tumor stage. Additionally serial assessments of these parameters were studied in another group of 15 patients with advanced RCC during treatment with IL-2, IFN-alpha and retinoic acid according to three different protocols in order to search for any correlation between the biological marker values and the clinical response to treatment. During each 5 day cycle of high dose IL-2/IFN-alpha combination therapy (protocol 1) IFN-gamma-levels in the WBCC were markedly decreased, whereas the plasma levels of TNF-R-75 were increased. During low dose, long-term continuous IFN-alpha/IL-2 administration (protocol 2) in two patients a clear increase of the ex vivo leukocyte IFN-gamma production was seen for the first 5 and 6 months of treatment, respectively, which could be correlated to stable disease for this time. When progression was diagnosed, IFN-gamma levels in the WBCC decreased. In the WBCC of the other four patients with progressive IFN-gamma levels were rather low throughout (< 10 ng/ml) and no clear changes were measured. During low does IFN-alpha and 13-cis-retinoic acid therapy in repetitive weekly cycles (protocol 3) two patients had stable disease for 6 and 14 months respectively. In the WBCC cultures of these patients IFN-gamma production was higher during stable than during progressive disease. The other two patients with tumor progression had a very low leukocyte IFN-gamma production and high plasma levels of TNF-R-75. It is concluded that IFN-gamma levels in WBCC and TNF-R-75 plasma levels may be useful parameters for the immunological monitoring of therapies with biological response modifiers. Low IFN-gamma values and high TNF-R-75 levels may be predictive of tumor progression and bad prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Clinical and immune responses in advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody vaccine that mimics the carcinoembryonic antigen.

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is expressed in a wide variety of adenocarcinomas, and it is well recognized that cancer patients are immunologically "tolerant" to CEA. The purpose of this study was to determine whether we could break immune tolerance to CEA by vaccinating patients with a monoclonal anti-idiotype antibody that is the internal image of CEA and to determine what impact this might have on patient survival. Twenty-four patients with advanced CEA-positive colorectal cancer who failed standard therapies except for two were entered into this Phase Ib trial. One patient was considered not assessable, because on the day of entering into the study, she was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia. Patients were treated with 1, 2, or 4 mg of aluminum hydroxide-precipitated 3H1 anti-idiotype antibody every other week for four injections and then monthly until tumor progression was observed. Immunological monitoring included humoral and cellular idiotypic and CEA responses, and all patients were evaluated for toxicity, response, and survival. Hyperimmune sera from 17 of 23 patients demonstrated an anti-anti-idiotypic Ab3 response, and 13 of these responses were demonstrated to be true anti-CEA responses (Ab1'). The antibody response was polyclonal, and 11 mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Ten patients had idiotypic T-cell responses, and five had specific T-cell responses to CEA. None of the patients had objective clinical responses, but overall median survival for the 23 evaluable patients was 11.3 months, with 44% 1-year survival (95% confidence interval, 23-64%). Toxicity was limited to local swelling and minimal pain. Anti-idiotype monoclonal antibody 3H1 that mimics CEA was able to break immune tolerance in the majority of treated patients. Overall survival of 11.3 months was comparable to other phase II data with advanced colorectal cancer patients treated with a variety of chemotherapy agents, including irinotecan, with considerably less toxicity. Although it is not clear that the vaccine itself had an impact on survival, this should be determined in a Phase III randomized trial.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Intracellular markers in acute myeloid leukemia diagnosis.

In our study we used a new proposed system of CD45 monoclonal antibody in combination with the side scatter (SSC) parameter as a very useful gating method allowing myeloblast detection especially in cases with low blasts percentage in examined samples. Immunological demonstration of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the cytoplasm of AML blasts is considered to be a reliable and highly sensitive marker. Using a direct single and double immunofluorescence staining method and flow cytometry we evaluated the intracellular expression of two granular constituents of myeloid cells--MPO and lactoferrin (LF) in leukemia cells from 18 patients at AML diagnosis, two patients in remission after allogenic bone marrow transplantation and in six controls. Two different fixation/permeabilization techniques were used: Fix&Perm, paraformaldehyde and saponin prior to monoclonal antibody staining in order to verify the sensitivity of two labeling methods for MPO. Although both reagents used in this study proved to be efficient tools for the fixation and permeabilization of leukemia cells, the second one was characterized by higher sensitivity in detection of MPO. By double staining of MPO and LF we were able to distinguish undifferentiated cells from the granulomonocytic maturation compartments in bone marrow, since LF is proposed to be selectively expressed from the myelocyte stage of differentiation onward. Cytoplasmic CD13 expression was detectable in AML blasts after their buffered-formaldehyde-acetone fixation/permeabilization. According to our results the detection of MPO and CD13 markers in the cytoplasm of leukemia cells is of great importance in the definition of FAB M0-M1 subtype of AML. Furthermore we described overexpression of CD34 antigen in AML and revealed the characteristic marker combination when CD34 was studied simultaneously with MPO. This finding also coincided with some atypical phenotypic features (CD15/MPO, CD7/cCD13, CD2/cCD13, CD33/cCD13, MPO/cCD13) contributing to the differential diagnosis and allowing the immunologic monitoring of patients for the presence of residual disease.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2004

Monitoring of human immunological responses to vaccinia virus.

For the last 30 yr, interest in vaccinia virus immune monitoring has focused on the use of the vaccinia virus as a recombinant vaccine vector and the potential detrimental effect of antivector immunity on subsequent vaccination with a recombinant vaccinia virus. However, interest in this area has intensified after the publication of reports suggesting that smallpox may be a major pathogen selected for bioterrorist activities. Owing to the unacceptably high incidence of complications induced by previous effective smallpox vaccine strains, alternative safer strains (e.g., modified vaccinia Ankara [MVA]) are being assessed for their antigenicity in clinical trials. The exact immune effector mechanism responsible for vaccine-induced protection to smallpox infection has not been fully elucidated, although it is believed that neutralizing antibody plays a major role. This chapter describes a simple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify vaccinia virus antibody titer. Additionally, to define serum-neutralizing activity, both a classical plaque reduction assay and a high-throughput 96-well plate method based on reduction of recombinant vaccinia virus expressed beta-galactosidase is described. Furthermore, details are given for a T-cell proliferation assay, primarily for monitoring T-helper CD4 activity and an enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay for CD8 analysis. The use of reliable immunological assays is vital in assessing the potential efficacy of new vaccines to protect against smallpox infection.

Antibodies, Viral↗