PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Movement Disorders”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 559 records · Page 31Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

[Vitamin B6 add-on therapy in treatment of schizophrenic patients with psychotic symptoms and movement disorders].

INTRODUCTION: Although there is great progress in the treatment of positive symptoms in schizophrenic patients and movement disorders induced by neuroleptics, it is still a problem for clinicians. In this study vitamin B6 treatment was provided to 15 patients who suffered from schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder with positive psychotic symptoms and tardive dyskinesia. METHODS: This study was a double-blind crossover controlled during 9 weeks. Each patient was treated with up to 400 mg/day vitamin B6 versus placebo. Every week the patients' conditions were evaluated with Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (ESRS) and a blood sample of level pyridoxal was taken. RESULTS: The results did not show any therapeutic effect of psychotic symptoms from vitamin B6 added to antipsychotic agents, which patients received on a constant base. On the other hand, there was significant improvement in tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonian symptoms. There was no direct correlation between pathological symptoms and the serum baseline level of vitamin B6 nor its level during the treatment. CONCLUSION: The authors suggest that vitamin B6 may be efficient as the treatment for tardive dyskinesia and parkinsonism induced by neuroleptic agents. There is a need for further studies with larger samples and higher doses of vitamin B6 in order to examine the possibility of a positive therapeutic effect as an augmentation agent for the treatment of psychotic symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Pharmacological advances in the treatment of neuro-otological and eye movement disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: First, to describe the current pharmacological treatment options for peripheral and central vestibular, cerebellar, and ocular motor disorders. Second, to identify vestibular and ocular motor disorders in which treatment trials are warranted. RECENT FINDINGS: Peripheral vestibular disorders: In vestibular neuritis recovery of the peripheral vestibular function can be improved by treatment with oral corticosteroids. In Ménière's disease treatment strategies range from low-salt diet, diuretics, and betahistine, to intratympanic injection of corticosteroids or gentamicin. Unfortunately most of the trials on Ménière's disease do not have an up-to-date design. In bilateral vestibulopathy steroids do not seem to improve vestibular function.Central vestibular, cerebellar, and ocular motor disorders: The use of aminopyridines introduced a new therapeutic principle in the treatment of downbeat and upbeat nystagmus and episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2). These potassium channel blockers presumably increase the activity and excitability of cerebellar Purkinje cells, thereby augmenting the inhibitory influence of these cells on vestibular and cerebellar nuclei. A few studies showed that baclofen improves periodic alternating nystagmus, and gabapentin and memantine, pendular nystagmus. Many other eye movement disorders, however, such as ocular flutter, opsoclonus, central positioning, or see-saw nystagmus are still difficult to treat. SUMMARY: Although progress has been made in the treatment of vestibular neuritis, downbeat and upbeat nystagmus, as well as EA2, state-of-the-art trials must still be performed on many vestibular and ocular motor disorders, namely Ménière's disease, bilateral vestibulopathy, vestibular paroxysmia, vestibular migraine, and many forms of central eye movement disorders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Movement disorders after head injury: diagnosis and management.

Head injury can cause extrapyramidal movement disorders such as tremors, parkinsonism, dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, and tics. Pure adventitious movements are rare, but combinations with paresis, spasticity, apraxia, or ataxia occur in approximately 20% of cases of severe head injury, in many cases appearing or evolving in the months following the injury. Tremors may improve in time but many of the other syndromes tend to persist. Reversible causes such as medications or metabolic derangements are occasionally identifiable. Some of these adventitious movements can be improved using neuroactive drugs, botulinum toxin injections, or stereotactic brain surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Hyperhomocysteinemia in movement disorders: Current evidence and hypotheses.

Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine (Hcy) are a risk factor for systemic vascular diseases, stroke and vascular dementia. In recent years, increasing Hcy levels have been detected in neurological disorders that are not vascular in origin including Alzheimer's Disease and movement disorders (MD) such as idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD), Huntington's Disease (HD) and primary dystonia. Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) in PD results from L-Dopa administration and its O-methylation dependent from catechol-O-methyltransferase and may be implicated in the development of motor complications and non-motor symptoms, such as dementia. In a recent study, HHcy has been evidenced in HD patients, compared to controls. Because mutated Huntington protein influences Hcy metabolism by modulating cystathionine-beta-synthase activity, Hcy could represent a biological marker of neurodegeneration and could explain the leading role of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as causes of death in HD. Finally, several cases of homocystinuria associated with dystonia, and some recent reports of elevated Hcy in patients with primary adult onset dystonia have been published. Increased Hcy plasma levels may have important implications in patients affected by these basal ganglia disturbances, by exerting neurotoxic effects, contributing to neurotransmitter imbalance in motor circuits, and increasing the risk for vascular insults and cognitive dysfunctions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Surgery insight: Deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.

Over the past two decades, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has supplanted lesioning techniques for the treatment of movement disorders, and has been shown to be safe and efficacious. The primary therapeutic indications for DBS are essential tremor, dystonia and Parkinson's disease. In the case of Parkinson's disease, DBS is effective for treating the primary symptoms--tremor, bradykinesia and rigidity--as well as the motor complications of drug treatment. Progress has been made in understanding the effects of stimulation at the neuronal level, and this knowledge should eventually improve the effectiveness of this therapy. Preliminary studies also indicate that DBS might be used to treat Tourette's syndrome, obsessive-compulsive disorder, depression and epilepsy. As we will discuss in this review, the success of DBS depends on an appropriate rationale for the procedure, and on collaborations between neurologists and neurosurgeons in defining outcomes.

Deep Brain Stimulation↗
PubMed2005

A pilot tolerability and efficacy trial of sodium oxybate in ethanol-responsive movement disorders.

Sodium oxybate is currently approved in the United States exclusively for the treatment of cataplexy in narcoleptic patients. In a prior article published in this journal, we reported a patient with severe posthypoxic myoclonus whose myoclonus improved with ethanol and also with treatment with sodium oxybate. We extend this preliminary observation to five other patients with ethanol-responsive movement disorders in an open-label, dose-titration, add-on, 8-week trial. All five patients (one with severe alcohol-responsive posthypoxic myoclonus, two with epsilon-sarcoglycan-linked myoclonus-dystonia, and two with essential tremor) experienced improvement from baseline of 50% or greater as measured by blinded videotape review. Tolerability was satisfactory, with dose-dependent sedation as the most common side effect. Further studies of this drug in hyperkinetic movement disorders are warranted.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed2000

Atypical movement disorders in the early stages of Huntington's disease: clinical and genetic analysis.

Huntington's disease (HD) is notably difficult to diagnose in the early stages. One reason is that the early clinical manifestations of HD vary widely and sometimes have an atypical onset. In this paper we primarily sought information on affected patients who initially presented with movement disorders other than chorea. We also investigated atypical motor presentations in relation to triplet CAG expansions. After reviewing the clinical records of two neurological centres, we identified patients with a final, documented diagnosis of HD and selected for study 205 patients according to their onset of motor manifestations. CAG repeats were analysed. Of the 205 patients studied, 15 had atypical motor symptoms at onset. In this group we identified three types of initial clinical manifestations other than chorea: parkinsonism, ataxia and dystonia. We conclude that HD patients may have different motor manifestations at the initiation of the illness. Patients with atypical movement disorders in the early stages have larger CAG expansions and an earlier age at onset than HD patients with typical onset chorea.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

The pathophysiology of movement disorders.

This review concentrated on the more recent findings of investigations into the functional anatomy and pathophysiology of movement disorders. Attempts were made to provide explanations for rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor. What little is known of the pathophysiology of chorea, tics, and dystonia is discussed. Greater information is available to allow pathophysiologic classification of different types of myoclonus.

Chorea↗
PubMed1983

Evaluation and differential diagnosis of movement disorders: a flow chart approach.

This paper presents a flow-chart approach for evaluation and diagnosis of movement disorders MD. It serves as a simple guideline for physicians to evaluate and diagnose patients with MD. It consists of a master flow chart with a step-by-step process for evaluation, a check list table for recording the abnormal findings, a chart for identifying the underlying medical and neurological diseases grouped under the major types of MD, and a table on the drug-induced MD.

Diagnosis, Differential↗
PubMed2004

Systemic diseases that cause movement disorders.

The present review is aimed at providing practical assistance to the clinical neurologist in reaching a diagnosis, understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of movement disorders associated with systemic diseases, and determining appropriate therapy. Infectious disease by direct effect or as an acquired autoimmune neurological disease, stroke, hypoxia-ischemia, paraneoplastic syndromes, collagen disorders, endocrine, liver and kidney diseases that may cause hypokinetic or hyperkinetic abnormal movement are considered separately. The type and evolution of abnormal movement caused by systemic disease vary with age and underlying pathology. Therapy for abnormal movements should include a primary treatment for the systemic disease.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Prevalence of FMR1 repeat expansions in movement disorders. A systematic review.

We reviewed prevalence rates of fragile X mental retardation gene (FMR1) repeat expansions in movement disorder populations. Inclusion criteria included published epidemiological studies from systematic searches of Medline, Pubmed, Cochrane Databases and Web Science. Thirteen cross-sectional studies were carried out between 2003 and 2005. Subjects with ataxia showed higher than expected rates while those with essential tremor and parkinsonism showed lower rates. The heterogeneous design of the studies, inclusion criteria and mean age of subjects may have led to underestimation of FMR1 repeat expansion prevalence rates.

Cross-Sectional Studies↗
PubMed1998

Verapamil for severe hyperkinetic movement disorders.

The use of verapamil in three cases of severe hyperkinetic movement disorders resulted in dramatic improvement in patients who had been refractory to many other treatments over a prolonged period. A videotape illustration of one of the patients is provided. The mechanism of action and evidence of efficacy of calcium-channel blockers for abnormal movements are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Psychopathology and movement disorders: a new perspective on the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome.

Attention is drawn to associations between movement disorders and psychopathology. The historical background of this is briefly reviewed, and then some recent research findings with regards to the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome are presented. In particular, associations between aggressive and obsessive compulsive disorder and Gilles de la Tourette movements are reported. Further there are associations between a family history of tics and obsessive compulsive disorder in the subsequent generation. It is concluded that the Gilles de la Tourette syndrome should not be viewed as a tic disorder, but a far more complex condition in which the tics form but one aspect.

Humans↗
PubMed1986

The pharmacokinetics of tetrabenazine and its hydroxy metabolite in patients treated for involuntary movement disorders.

The pharmacokinetics of tetrabenazine and a metabolite, hydroxytetrabenazine, have been investigated in seven patients being treated for involuntary movement disorders. Tetrabenazine had a very low oral systemic availability (mean 0.049 +/- 0.032 SD). First-pass metabolism to hydroxytetrabenazine was extensive, and the systemic availability for this metabolite was high (mean 0.81 +/- 0.30 SD). Since hydroxytetrabenazine has been reported to be as active as tetrabenazine in depleting brain amines, and is present at much higher plasma concentrations than the parent drug, it is likely that this metabolite is the more important therapeutic moiety.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed2004

Suicide after successful deep brain stimulation for movement disorders.

The authors observed a high rate of suicide (6/140 patients, 4.3%) in a large cohort of patients with movement disorders treated with deep brain stimulation (DBS). Apparent risk factors included a previous history of severe depression and multiple successive DBS surgeries, whereas there was no relationship with the underlying condition, DBS target, electrical parameters, or modifications of treatment. Paradoxically, all patients experienced an excellent motor outcome following the procedure. The authors propose that patients at high risk for suicide should be excluded from DBS surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Use of the NeuroMate stereotactic robot in a frameless mode for movement disorder surgery.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate the use of the NeuroMate stereotactic robot with a novel ultrasound registration system for movement disorder surgery (MDS). METHODS: Using the robot in a frameless mode, 51 patients underwent MDS. Surgical planning was carried out using MRI data obtained more than 24 h before surgery. RESULTS: 37 out of 50 targets in the subthalamic nucleus were satisfactorily identified with a single microelectrode trajectory and the final electrode positions were at a mean distance of 1.7 mm from the calculated target. There was a significant improvement in motor scores of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (off medication) at 6 (43%) and 18 months (51.7%) compared to pre-operative scores (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The frameless robot using only MRI data can be used for MDS. The temporal separation of imaging from the surgical procedure provides additional time for detailed image analysis and planning.

Humans↗