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PubMed1989

[Epizootiology and prevention of helminthiasis of game animals in Czechoslovakia and its relationship to the parasitic diseases of cattle].

Decades of surveying helminthic diseases in domestic and free-living ruminants in the CSR evidenced extensive infestation by lungworms, gastrointestinal nematodes, and liver flukes. In some years, parasitic invasion caused up to 50% of total losses of roe deer. Programmes to control systematically dictyocaulosis and fascioliasis were carried out with cattle and sheep in 1970-1980, with deer in 1981-1985. In the eighties, the incidence of F. hepatica in cattle and sheep dropped to less than 1%, of D. viviparus in cattle to 0.2%; no D. filaria is to be encountered in sheep presently. The share of parasitic diseases in total losses of roe deer decreased to 19% in 1983-1985.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Digestive parasitic diseases in young children in a tropical outpatient setting].

Parasites were looked for in stools of infants aged 6 months to 3 years living in a village in the south of Togo. These children were enrolled in a nutritional surveillance program. 42.5% of children harboured at least one parasite and 12.1% had more than one parasite: The most common parasites found included Giardia (21%), Ancylostoma (13%), and Ascaris (12.5%). Infection with a single parasite and infection with several parasites were observed from the age of nine months and 18 months, respectively; the incidence of these infections increased with advancing age. The incidence of diarrheal stools decreased with advancing age and no particular parasite seemed to be directly and exclusively responsible for diarrhea. The distribution of parasites and diarrheal symptoms were not influenced by sex. No correlation was found between nutritional status and presence of a parasitic infection or diarrhea. After treatment, reinfection with Ancylostoma (65%), whipworm (50%), and Giardia (34.2%) were common.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed2006

Vaccines for viral and parasitic diseases produced with baculovirus vectors.

The baculovirus-insect cell expression system is an approved system for the production of viral antigens with vaccine potential for humans and animals and has been used for production of subunit vaccines against parasitic diseases as well. Many candidate subunit vaccines have been expressed in this system and immunization commonly led to protective immunity against pathogen challenge. The first vaccines produced in insect cells for animal use are now on the market. This chapter deals with the tailoring of the baculovirus-insect cell expression system for vaccine production in terms of expression levels, integrity and immunogenicity of recombinant proteins, and baculovirus genome stability. Various expression strategies are discussed including chimeric, virus-like particles, baculovirus display of foreign antigens on budded virions or in occlusion bodies, and specialized baculovirus vectors with mammalian promoters that express the antigen in the immunized individual. A historical overview shows the wide variety of viral (glyco)proteins that have successfully been expressed in this system for vaccine purposes. The potential of this expression system for antiparasite vaccines is illustrated. The combination of subunit vaccines and marker tests, both based on antigens expressed in insect cells, provides a powerful tool to combat disease and to monitor infectious agents.

Animals↗