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Results for “Protestantism”

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PubMedDate not supplied

Associations between meat consumption and the prevalence of degenerative arthritis and soft tissue disorders in the adventist health study, California U.S.A.

OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between the prevalence of degenerative arthritis and soft tissue disorders and consumption of meat and other foods among participants in the Adventist Health Study. METHODS: Unconditional logistic regression analysis is used to examine cross-sectional associations, adjusting for the effects of age, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, use of sex hormones and parity. RESULTS: The prevalence of degenerative arthritis and soft tissue disorders was 22.60 percent. Women had a higher prevalence than men and prevalence increased greatly with age. Smoking, higher body mass index, never use of contraceptive pills, and current hormone replacement therapy are associated with a higher prevalence of these disorders on multivariate analysis. Multivariate OR's comparing consumption of meat < 1/week; >or= 1/week; with the reference being no meat, were 1.31(95% CI: 1.21,1.43) and 1.49(1.31, 1.70) in women; and 1.19 (95% CI: 1.05,1.34) and 1.43(1.20, 1.70) in men. Dairy fat and fruit consumption were weakly associated with increased risk. There were protective associations with nut and salad consumption. CONCLUSIONS: Greater meat consumption is associated with a higher prevalence of degenerative arthritis and soft tissue disorders in both male and female subjects of this population, as is hormone replacement therapy in women.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Therapeutic perspectives of human embryonic stem cell research versus the moral status of a human embryo--does one have to be compromised for the other?

UNLABELLED: Stem cells are unspecialized cells able to divide and produce copies of themselves and having the potential to differentiate, i.e. to produce other cell types in the body. Because of the latter ability, the scientists investigate their possible use in regenerative medicine. Especially embryonic stem cells have huge therapeutic potential because they can give rise to every cell type in the body as compared to stem cells from certain adult tissues which can only differentiate into a limited range of cell types. For this reason scientists stress the importance of embryonic stem cell research. However, this research raises sensitive ethical and religious arguments, which are balanced against possible great benefit of such research for the patients suffering from so far incurable diseases. The objective of this literature review is to present the main arguments in favor and against human embryonic stem cell research. Since the sensitivity of the latter issue to a large extent stems from the position of predominant religions in a given society, the positions of the main religions regarding embryo research are also presented. CONCLUSION: There is no consensus regarding ethical aspects of human embryonic stem cell research. The article presents both the arguments supporting human embryonic stem cell research and the arguments opposing it.

Beginning of Human Life↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical evaluation of sealants and preventive resin restorations in a group of environmentally homogeneous children.

PURPOSE: Pit and fissure sealants reduce occlusal caries when proper patient selection and application techniques are followed. To increase retention rate of sealants over time, good adaptation and deep sealant penetration are important. Studies remain inconclusive, however, as to determining if the bur preparation of pits and fissures would increase the adaptation and penetration thus improving sealant retention. The aim of this study was to assess if tooth preparation prior to sealant application improves sealant retention. METHODS: In this prospective cohort study, 43 children and adolescents from 4 Hutterites colonies were, for 3 years, bussed to the University of Manitoba pediatric dental clinic, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, for comprehensive dental care including sealant placement using standard procedures. These came from a community with homogeneous social economical status, dietary habits, fluoride intake, and lifestyles. The decision of tooth preparation prior to sealant application was made ad hoc. Of 122 treated permanent posterior teeth, 54 had been treated as preventive resin restorations (PRRs, type A or B) and 68 were nonprepared sealants. RESULTS: After 1 year, teeth prepared (type B PRRs) and restored with flowable composite resins had significantly (P<.01) lower retention rates (27% vs 63%) than did teeth with nonprepared sealants or typeA PRRs. Teeth prepared (type B PRRs) were also significantly (P<.001) more likely to have caries on follow-up examination (50% vs 11%) than were teeth with nonprepared sealants or type A PRRs. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that preventive resin type B restorations restored with flowable composites are not helpful in terms of retention or caries reduction.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Mukden Medical College (1911-1949): an outpost of Edinburgh medicine in northeast China. Part 1: 1882-1917; building the foundations and opening the college.

Scottish physician Dugald Christie, an 1881 licentiate of both the RCPE and the RCSEd, was the first medical missionary sent to China by the United Presbyterian Church of Scotland. He commenced practice in the city of Mukden (Shenyang) in Manchuria in 1883. In 1892 he started to train student assistants and in 1911 founded the Mukden Medical College (Fengtian yi ke da xue). Edinburgh-trained physicians and surgeons largely staffed this college, the first Western medical school in Manchuria.

China↗
PubMed2006

God vs. science.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biological Evolution↗
PubMed2005

[Princess Anna Vasa--her fascinating life story and skeleton].

The Princess Anna Vasa was born in Sweden in 1568 and spent her first 19 years there. She was the daughter of the Swedish king Johan III and his wife, the Polish Royal Princess Katarina Jagellonica. She was brought up as a Catholic but converted to be a Protestant already in 1583 and remained a fervent Protestant to the end of her life. She was an exceptionally intelligent and extensively educated woman. When her brother became king, Sigismund III of Poland, she accompanied him there. She exerted great influence on Sigismund who was brought up to be a Catholic. She was persistent in her religion, yet working for religious liberty. "The Swedish Princess" was also named "the Queen of Polish Botany". She was never married and she died 57 years old in 1625. For religious reasons her body had to wait 11 years for a funeral of royal standing. The funeral took place in 1636 in St Mary's Church in Torun, Poland. During restoration work at the church in April 1994, Anna Vasa's skeleton was removed from the tomb, and an antropological investigation in order to establish her identity was carried by Dr Andrzej Florkowski at the Dept of Anthrop, Nicholas Copernicus University of Torun. I was invited to Torun to examine her remains in May 1995. The skeleton was in a rather good state of preservation. However, her grave had been plundered at least twice. Her skeleton lacked the right forearm and hand, probably as the result of the pillage of her rings and bracelets. Some other bones and teeth were also missing. At our ocular examination the skeleton revealed a number of anatomical deformations and pathological changes. A conventional radiography and CT of Anna Vasa's skeletal remains was later carried out in 1995 by M. Grzegorzewski, Z. Boron and W. Lasek at the Dept of Radiology, Med. Acad. of Bydgoszcz, Polen. A DNA-analysis was carried out by Dr Anders Götherström at the Archaeol. Res. Lab., Stockholm Univ. An odontological and radiological study was performed by Dr Sigrid I. Kvaal, Dept of Oral path., Univ of Oslo, Norway. 14C (Ua-10417) and delta 13C analyses were carried out by Prof. Göran Possnert at the Angström Lab., Uppsala Univ, Sweden. The article presents results from the different analyses. Anna Vasa's remains were reburied in the restored church in October 1995.

Botany↗