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Results for “Pyelonephritis”

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PubMed1978

Chemotherapeutic effect of cefoxitin on experimental pyelonephritis in rats. Comparative study with cefazilin.

Ascending pyelonephritis was successfully produced in rats by means of direct inoculation with a virulent strain of Escherichia coli into the bladder enclosing a glass ball. 3-Carbamoyloxymethyl-7-alpha-methoxy-7-[2(2-thienyl)-acetamido]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (cefoxitin) or cefazolin as a control drug was applied to the affected rats characterized by purulent inflammation in pelvis and medulla sometimes accompanied with abscess formation in medulla and/or coretex 3 days after challenge. The treatments were performed at an i.v. dose of 40 mg/kg 3 times a day for 5 consecutive days. The improvement of the disease, that is disappearance of the bacilli in the kidney, improvement of BUN value and of histopathological findings in cefoxitin-treated animals was approximately equal to that in cefazolin-treated ones. Both antibiotics exhibited great effectiveness against purulent pyelonephritis, however, not sufficiently effective against medullar and cortical abscesses. Chemotherapeutic effect of cefoxitin on experimental pyelonephritis was discussed with special reference to its distribution into the affected tissues.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Protection against experimental pyelonephritis by antibodies to pili.

Bacterial pili have been shown to be an important virulence factor for urinary tract infections. In this report we relate the results of studies which evaluated the influence of antipili antibody on the susceptibility of rats to ascending pyelonephritis and on several antibody-mediated antibacterial mechanisms. Rats immunized with E. coli type 1 pili, and animals infected with E. coli developed antipili antibodies in their serum. Active or passive immunization of rats with pili protected the animals from ascending pyelonephritis. Antipili antibody did not mediate complement-dependent bacteriolysis, opsonophagocytosis or promote more rapid intravascular clearance of injected E. coli. Humoral immunity to pili did, however, effectively inhibit bacterial adherence to epithelial cells. These studies indicate that type 1 E. coli pili are immunogenic and that antipili antibodies afford protection from ascending pyelonephritis. They suggest further that a mechanism of protection is inhibition of bacterial adherence.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Malignant hypertension in children secondary to chronic pyelonephritis: laboratory and radiologic indications for partial or total nephrectomy.

Severe renin-mediated hypertension was noted in 2 children as a result of selective renal damage from vesicoureteral reflux during the early years of life. In each case the reflux had been corrected successfully long before hypertension developed. In 1 case the late damage involved only 1 kidney and nephrectomy resulted in immediate relief of the hypertension. In the second case, even though both kidneys showed segmental scarring from calicectasis and chronic pyelonephritis, removal of the atrophied lower pole of 1 kidney made hypertension amenable to medical treatment and reduced excessive renin output to a fraction of the original high levels. The mechanism of renin-mediated hypertension in kidneys with segmental scars of chronic pyelonephritis is believed to be ischemia of the relatively normal renal cortex in proximity to areas of interstitial fibrosis, within which are tortuous interlobular and smaller arterioles with severe intimal thickening. Hypertrophy of normal renal segment occurs in young patients with segmental chronic pyelonephritis. To accommodate this enlargement the original calix develops an extension or elongation readily distinguishable from other dilated calices.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk of intrauterine infection of the human fetus with Coxsackie viruses in pregnancy complicated by late toxicosis and pyelonephritis].

During virological examinations of 144 pregnant women including 85 women with complicated course of pregnancy Coxsackie A viruses were isolated from the blood or identified in the cells of urinary tracts in 60.3% of the cases of nephropathy, in 68.3% of the pregnant women with pyelonephritis, and in 8.5% of normal subjects. The groups of the pregnant women under comparison did not differ significantly in the rate of finding of other viruses. Coxsackie A viruses were also isolated from the placenta and amniotic fluid in 3 out of 4 cases examined in late toxicosis, were found in the kidneys of the fetus from a woman with pyelonephritis and in cells of the urinary tracts of 13 out of 19 babies (68.4%) born to women with complicated course of pregnancy. The hypothesis of the etiological association of nephropathy and pyelonephritis in pregnant women with activation of chronic Coxsackie virus infection and of the high risk of infection of the fetus with these viruses in the described complications of pregnancy is discussed.

Adenoviruses, Human↗

PubMed1983

[Importance of vesico-ureteral reflux in the pathogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis].

Chronic pyelonephritis is secondary to urinary tract infection associated with vesico-ureteric reflux or obstructive uropathy. Pyelonephritis scarring almost always occurs in early childhood and is linked to the concomitant presence of urinary tract infection and renal papillae allowing intrarenal reflux. When bilateral, pyelonephritis scarring may lead to end-stage renal disease. Destruction of the renal parenchyma occurs over years and is often accompanied by arterial hypertension and proteinuria. Surgical correction of vesico-ureteric reflux does not prevent further renal scarring. Since sterile reflux does not appear to be harmful, it is important to diagnose vesico-ureteric reflux early and prevent urinary tract infection by administering chemoprophylaxis during the first seven years of life.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

[Instrumental and functional diagnosis of pyelonephritis in the transplanted kidney].

The authors analyse complex employment of the method of ultrasonic echography, rheography and thermography in detecting early symptoms of acute pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney in 246 patients. Characteristic features of acute pyelonephritis of the transplanted kidney are determined and the method of differential diagnosis between acute pyelonephritis of the transplant and the rejection crisis is proposed. The methods of examination are described allowing the dynamic observation of the transplanted kidney state.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Treatment of staphylococcal pyelonephritis in rats with N-formimidoyl thienamycin.

The therapeutic efficacy of N-formimidoyl thienamycin alone or coadministered with MK0791, an inhibitor of renal dehydropeptidase-I, compared to methicillin in experimental pyelonephritis in rats was investigated. Pyelonephritis was produced with a methicillin-sensitive strain (2776) and a methicillin-resistant strain (Berman) of Staphylococcus aureus. N-formimidoyl thienamycin alone or coadministered with the inhibitor was significantly better than methicillin when treating methicillin-sensitive or methicillin-resistant infection. There was a trend suggesting that N-formimidoyl thienamycin coadministered with MK0791 was overall the best agent. These studies show that N-formimidoyl thienamycin is efficacious in the treatment of S. aureus pyelonephritis in the rat regardless of methicillin sensitivity, and this agent plus the dehydropeptidase inhibitor should be considered in the treatment of such infections.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Cellular and humoral immunological characteristics of chronic pyelonephritis].

The following indices were studied in 21 patients with chronic pyelonephritis: T-lymphocytes - early and late, their TG and TM subpopulations; B-lymphocytes: complement-receptor, antibody (hemolysin) synthesizing, carring surface immunoglobulins (sIg+) and cytoplasmatic immunoglobulins (cIg+); immunoblasts in peripheral blood; serum level of immunoglobulins and of C3 - fraction of complement. The authors established a tendency to increase of early T-lymphocytes and their TG - subpopulations in the patients. TM - subpopulations were considerably lower, as compared with those of the healthy subjects. The complement - receptor and immunoglobulin-containing B cella in the patients with chronic pyelonephritis were increased as compared with the same in healthy subjects. Only IgM level in serum of the patients studied was higher than in the healthy subjects from the humoral factors of immune reactivity. Chronic pyelonephritis, was concluded, by the authors, to participate in the cellular-humoral immune mechanisms with a predominating activation of B-populations and IgM synthesis.

Animals↗

PubMed1983

[Evaluation of the effect of canned diet foods on the course of pyelonephritis in children].

The biochemical and immunological indicators were examined in 109 pyelonephritis children kept on the diet which included therapeutic preserves containing, apart from certain food ingredients, a complex of vitamins and tinctures of medicinal grasses. Therapeutic preserves were discovered to have a beneficial effect on the time course of the clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis, vitamin balance, lipid metabolism and immunity status. The results attest to advisability of applying therapeutic preserves as part of a complex of therapeutic measures to the management of children with pyelonephritis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Experimental pyelonephritis in mice following ascending infection with E. coli. Chronic phase.

Adhesive and invasive strains of Escherichia coli induced chronic pyelonephritis in mice following the acute phase. The pathological features of the induced chronic pyelonephritis were different between the groups of mice infected with these strains. In piliated adhesive strain (E77156)-infection, the kidneys with viable bacilli showed pyonephrosis with incomplete obstruction or atrophy with coarse scar. Mice with these renal lesions showed high serum antibody levels, but histologically recurrent infection was frequent. On the other hand, in non-piliated invasive strain (633-65)-infection, sterile pyelonephritis developed. This chronic lesion was characterized by the migration of antigen-bearing macrophages and lymphocytes and by a negative serum antibody response. In infections with either strain the predominant lymphocytes in the renal lesions were smooth-surfaced T-lymphocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

[Circulatory failure in chronic glomerulo- and pyelonephritis].

The frequency and degree of circulatory insufficiency depending on the stage of the disease are analyzed in 404 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis and 145 patients with chronic pyelonephritis aged 15 to 74 years. When the renal function is still preserved different degrees of circulatory insufficiency are diagnosed in 29.4% of patients. Circulatory insufficiency complicates more often chronic glomerulonephritis than pyelonephritis and is more common in the aged. Latent cardiac insufficiency is more common. In the period of chronic renal insufficiency cardiac decompensation is seen in 78.1% of cases, its frequency is practically the same in glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis. The mechanisms of development of cardiac insufficiency and the principles of treatment depending on the functional state of the kidneys are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

[Serum and urine lysozyme in chronic pyelonephritis and chronic glomerulonephritis].

In 130 patients with chronic pyelonephritis and 215 patients with chronic glomerulonephritis the serum lysozyme content was established and in 114 and 186, respectively, the enzyme content of their urine tests. Moreover the lysozyme measurement in the serum of 28 patients undergoing haemodialysis was performed. A collective of 50 healthy persons served as comparative group. The lysozyme estimation was performed by means of the agar-diffusion technique after Ossermann and Lawlor in own modification. The average serum lysozyme levels of the patients with pyelonephritis (mean =7.3 micrograms/ml) as well as of the patients with glomerulonephritis (mean = 5.7 micrograms/ml) were significantly increased in contrast to the control group (mean = 4.5 micrograms/ml). Differences could be recognized between the various forms of glomerulonephritis. 34.2% of the patients with pyelonephritis and 37.1% of the patients with glomerulonephritis showed a lysozymuria. In functional restrictions of the kidneys as well as in active forms of the diseases increased concentrations in serum and urine could be established.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Morphogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis (electron microscopic study)].

Examinations of 51 rabbits and 86 patients with chronic pyelonephritis showed the morphogenesis of chronic pyelonephritis to be due to the effect of certain factors. One of them is the capillary-parenchymatous block resulting from the outgrowth of the connective tissue between the tubules and peritubular capillaries. Glomerular sclerosis occurs both periglomerularly (growth of the connective tissue into the capsule) and intraglomerularly (tropocollagen synthesis by mesangiaal cells). Nephrosclerosis combines diffuse sclerosis (the consequence of increasing hypoxia) and focal sclerosis (the consequence of renal tissue destruction during pyelonephritis attacks) which determine the features of regenerative hypertrophy of nephrons and the pattern of pyelonephritic shrinking of the kidney.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

[Radiological diagnosis of pyelonephritis].

The standard examination method of the radiological diagnostics of pyelonephritis is the EU. In restricted function of the kidney the intensive urography is to be used. Above all decent changes of form and tonus in the hollow system show diagnostic problems. Concerning a pyelonephritis they can be classified only in connection with clinical data. In more than 90% of the examinations the chronic pyelonephritis is to be recognized in the EU. It is referred to aspects of the radiation load in the EU.

Chronic Disease↗

PubMed1995

Acute focal bacterial pyelonephritis.

Acute focal bacterial pyelonephritis is a renal inflammatory disease that has similarities to both pyelonephritis and renal abscess. The diagnosis is based on clinical symptoms of pyelonephritis and renal abnormalities detected on radiologic imaging studies (ultrasonography and computed tomographic scanning). Ultrasonographic examination demonstrates mass lesions in the renal cortex that resolve after appropriate antibiotic therapy. Computed tomographic studies reveal localized, wedge-shaped or circular, poorly enhancing, hypodense areas and/or swelling of the superior pole of the kidney. A voiding cystourethrogram should be done to rule out reflux as an underlying cause. Magnetic resonance imaging is not required for diagnosis or follow-up evaluation. Escherichia coli is the most common etiologic agent. All reported cases have responded to conservative therapy with extended courses of oral bactericidal antibiotics. Resolution is typically complete in one to three months. A follow-up evaluation with ultrasonography is required to document resolution.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1976

[Significance of indirect hemagglutination test with polyvalent E. coli O antigens to diagnosis of pyelonephritis (author's transl)].

78% of 32 patients with acute E. coli pyelonephritis had significantly increased antibody titers to polyvalent E. coli antigens (PA). Only 14% of 42 patients with chronic E. coli pyelonephritis had increased antibody titers. 143 E. coli O groups were used in hemagglutination test distributed into 8 antigen pools. Antibody titers to common O groups were more elevated than those to uncommon O groups. The result showed that hemagglutination test with PA can be usefull for serologic diagnostic of acute pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1975

Experimental pyelonephritis in the monkey. III. Pathophysiology of ureteral malfunction induced by bacteria.

Coliforms given intravenously usually fail to produce pyelonephritis unless urinary obstruction or other anatomic abnormalities are present. Previously, we had observed progressive pyelonephritis after hematogenous infection only in monkeys which seemed to have an abnormality of ureteral function. To further test this observation, unilateral ureteral instillation of Escherichia coli 04.06, and 0111 was carried out under base line pressure conditions. Animals infected with E. coli 04 showed unilateral absence of ureteral peristalsis, delay in excretion of radionuclide on scintiphoto studies, and ureteritis histologically. This study confirms that certain strains of E. coli cause ureteral dysfunction. So called nonobstruction pyelonephritis may really be obstructive.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Frequency of adherent colibacillus in a population with acute pyelonephritis and a population with acute cystitis].

Urothelial adhesion of Escherichia coli is one of the principal factors of colonisation and infection of the upper urinary tract. We compared 3 measurements of bacterial adhesion: 1) Mannose-Resistant Haemagglutination (MRHA), é) Adhesion to urothelial cells, 3) Latex particle agglutination, to test 85 strains of Escherichia coli in 42 cases of acute pyelonephritis and 43 cases of acute cystitis. These tests were positive in 73.8% to 85.7% of the acute pyelonephritis population and in 4% to 2.3% of the acute cystitis population (statistically significant difference). This study confirms the major role of strains carrying type PAP adhesion in the pathogenesis of acute pyelonephritis.

Acute Disease↗